Fuko Maya: Mfundo chitukuko wakale

Pa chikhalidwe, moyo ndi kudziwa modabwitsa yotakata mphekesera Mayan ndi nthano. Chotero kodi ndi wokongola kuti chachinsinsi ndipo lachinsinsi chitukuko wakale?

Lero, fuko Maya - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa amwenye amene ankakhala mu America South (mu Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras ndi Belize). Koma kuyambira padziko 2000 BC, ankatchedwa ngati chitukuko akale amene anakhazikika ku America Central. Maya kumvera ndi mafuko ndi anthu kumeneko pa nthawi.

Kwa zaka pafupifupi 12 zaka za ulamuliro inatenga chitukuko ichi. maluwa pachimake, molingana ndi azambiriyakale, mu chaka cha 900 BC kale, pambuyo umene umabwera nthawi yaitali kuchepa, zimayambitsa amene adakali sakudziwika bwinobwino.

Fuko Maya, amene mbiri chidwi kwambiri mpaka lero asayansi asonyeza kuti miyoyo yawo kumwamba. Amwenye anadalira zotsatira za Olmecs, ndi chitukuko kale, ndipo akwaniritsa kukwapula kupambana kwa nthawi m'munda wa zakuthambo, kalembedwe kakale ndi machitidwe kalendala. Pankhaniyi, moyo wa anthu awa kunali kovuta kwambiri.

Ntchito yaikulu ya amwenye amenewa anali ulimi, umene ntchito zida zosavuta ndi Chalk. Koma, ngakhale, alimi kwambiri - Mayan mosamala anafukula m'madera ambiri nkhalango zotentha, iwo anamanga malo mobisa kusonkhanitsa Madzi a mvula. Komanso, chitukuko komanso chinkhoswe mu mbiya, ndipo kuluka handicrafts. Ndipo chifukwa cha njira olondola a kudutsa zithaphwi ndi Amwenye m'nkhalango kukhazikitsa limasonyeza malonda ndi ena, mitundu lakutali.

Ancient mafuko Mayan, ngati mbiri yakale amati, sitikudziwa ngakhale zimene gudumu. Nthawiyi, ikhala chidwi ndi zosamvetsetseka chakuti pachimake, chitukuko ichi walenga akachisi, nyumba zachifumu, zoyang'anira, mzinda zodabwitsa, manda ndi ena kukongoletsa zipilala mapulani. Ndipo zonse izi, ndi njira, inamangidwa popanda thandizo la zida zilizonse zitsulo.

M'masiku amenewo, pamene wakale atsamunda dziko phazi kugombe la kum'mawa la America South, fuko Mayan chayamba kutha phompho. agonjetsi Zachilendo ankachitira ndi zipilala zonse mapulani ndiponso zosemasema kuti zinalengedwa ndi chitukuko ichi wakale. Colonizers anaona iwo okha zotsatira za chikunja, zimene ziyenera mwankhanza awonongeke. Koma ngakhale zotsala za chidziwitso Mayan ndi chikhalidwe, ndipo lero amanditenga ndingaliro ya asayansi.

Pa nthawi Maya anayamba kuchoka mzindawo monga kumanga mu magulu a ziweto. Pakali pano, pali maganizo ambiri za izi, koma chifukwa chenicheni palibe aliyense akudziwa. Ndipo lero akhala chinsinsi kwa dziko la sayansi ya - kuti anali chitukuko ichi, pamene ife ndi kumene nthumwi zake apita ...

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zawo zazikulu ndi zodabwitsa anazindikira kalendala, yomwe inachokera pa kuwerengetsera zakuthambo, ndi lolondola limene likupitirizabe kuchititsa chidwi akatswiri a masiku ano.

Nthawi zambiri fuko Maya ntchito amakumana ku zakuthambo kwa kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana mwamsanga (mwachitsanzo, mu ulimi), komanso kufotokoza zinsinsi za lonse zambiri. Kotero, ansembe molondola kwambiri kuwerengera m'zinthu moyo wa dziko lapansi zimene ali zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chidziwitso ano. N'chimodzimodzinso okhulupirira nyenyezi amene, motsogozedwa ndi kalendala ya Amwenye wakale wa fuko, mpaka pano sanataye kufunika kwake. Koma ambiri, mwina, kuneneratu otchuka ndi kutha kwa dziko, amene ayenera, monga Zoneneratu ndi akuti fuko Indian, kubwera mu 2012. Khulupirirani izi kapena ayi - payekha, koma, ngakhale ambiri ndithu okaikira, ndipo pali malo enieni kukhulupirira uneneri.