Wolemba Mkango Feuchtwanger: MBIRI, zilandiridwenso

Mkango Feuchtwanger imatengedwa woyambitsa wa zolembalemba gulu latsopano mu mbiri Romance philology. Mu ntchito zake, munali mawunikidwe pa tsoka la anthu pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana chitukuko unkagwiritsidwa bwino likufanana ndi zochitika zimene zikuchitika m'dziko masiku ano. No zochepa chidwi ndi mbiri ya wolemba, amene alipo mu utumiki usilikali, ndi "Galimoto buku" ndi ukaidi m'ndende zozunzirako, ndi zambiri.

zaka zoyambirira

Mkango Feuchtwanger anabadwa pa July 7, 1884 mu mzinda German wa Munich, mwana wa industrialist olemera Sigmund Feuchtwanger ndi Johanna Bodenheimer, ndipo ndinali wamkulu mwa ana asanu ndi anayi. atate wake ndi amake anali Orthodox Ayuda, ndipo mnyamata kuyambira ndili wamng'ono anali mozama chidziwitso cha chipembedzo ndiponso chikhalidwe cha anthu ake. Nditamaliza sukulu, Mkango Feuchtwanger analowa University of Munich, kumene anaphunzitsidwa m'munda wa "mabuku" ndi "nzeru". Iye anasamukira ku Berlin kuyenda panjira ya philology German ndi Chisansikiriti.

Mu 1907, Mkango Feuchtwanger analandira PhD ndi nkhani yolembedwa wodzipereka kwa mankhwala a Genriha Geyne "Baharahsky rabbi."

ntchito Early

Mu 1908, Feuchtwanger anayambitsa magazini chikhalidwe "Galasi". Baibulo limeneli anali aafupi moyo ndipo pambuyo amasulidwe zipinda 15 ali unatha chifukwa mavuto a zachuma.

Mu 1912, tsogolo wotchuka wolemba anakwatira mwana wa wolemera Ayuda wamalonda Martha Leffler. Ndipo kunali kosatheka kubisa tsiku la ukwati alendo kuti mkwatibwi ali ndi pakati. Patapita miyezi ingapo, Martha anabereka mwana wamkazi, amene anamwalira patapita nthawi yochepa kubadwa.

Mu November 1914, Feuchtwanger anayitana monga reservist a. Komabe, pasanapite nthawi kunapezeka kuti si bwino thanzi, ndi mlembi anali m'dera limeneli. Nkhondo itatha, anakumana Brecht, amene anapha mpaka ubwenzi kuti chinakhalapo mpaka imfa yake Feuchtwanger.

Wambiri mpaka 1933

Mkango Feuchtwanger anali mmodzi wa oyamba kuzindikira mupewe ngozi ya Socialism National. Back mu 1920 anali kale mu njira satirical anapereka masomphenya a akungoyendayenda Myuda, limene limafotokoza odana Semitism. Komanso anapereka za yeniyeni ya "bulauni Munich" mu buku "Kupambana," imene protagonist Rupert Kuttsnera bwino inamva zimaonetsa Adolf Hitler.

Patapita ntchito za Feuchtwanger afalitsidwa kunja kwa Germany, anthu otchuka kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri European. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anaitanidwa mayunivesite ambiri kupulumutsa nkhani.

Mu November 1932 iye anali mu London. Apo iye ankagona miyezi ingapo, kenako kupita ku USA, komwe iyenso anali kupita kwa wophunzitsa. Choncho, pa nthawi ya kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Nazi Mkango Feuchtwanger ndi kunja Germany. Popeza anamvera zonena za anthu anzanu, wolemba anaganiza kuthetsa m'tauni French wa Sanary-sur-Mer, kumene kunali njuchi ka osamuka German amene athawa chifukwa cha chizunzo pa zifukwa za ndale kapena mitundu. Popeza Mabaibulo Chingelezi mabuku Feuchtwanger a lofalitsidwa mu Mabaibulo chachikulu, ndi moyo wabwino ndi mkazi wake Marita, amene anali wachiwiri wake okhulupirika pa zinthu zonse.

Wambiri Feuchtwanger pamaso pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Pa nthawiyi n'kuti dzina Germany Feuchtwanger anaonekera mndandanda wa olemba amene mabuku unatenthedwa, iye anadula nzika ndi chuma chake analandidwa.

Nkhanza National Socialism unali chifukwa chofuna wolemba mu Soviet Union. propaganda Stalinist sakanakhoza kuphonya mwayi ngati ndipo anapempha ulendo Feuchtwanger ku Moscow, komanso wokaona dziko kuti asaone ndi maso awo zomwe patsogolo anapanga dziko loyamba "boma la ogwira ntchito ndi anthu wamba." Monga mbali ya ulendo wolemba USSR ngakhale analankhula ndi atsogoleri a anthu.

Tikaonanso France, Lyon Feuchtwanger, amene mabuku Soviet Union yomweyo anayamba kufalitsa magazini mamiliyoni ambirimbiri a lofalitsidwa kuyankhulana ndi Stalin. Komanso analemba buku la "Moscow. 1937 ", lomwe nawo ndi European owerenga masomphenya ake a moyo mu USSR. Pa masamba ake, iye nthawi zonse moyerekeza pakati anawonetsedwa ndi mmene zinthu zilili ku Germany. Mu fanizoli, kwakukulukulu kunapezeka kuti si mokomera otsiriza.

kuthawa

Mu 1940, asilikali a ku Germany anakalanda France. Mkango Feuchtwanger monga nzika kale German anali awamanga mu msasa French m'tauni ya Le Mill. Monga bwino Wehrmacht Army zinadziwika kuti ambiri mwa akaidi ngozi, ngati iwo ali m'gawo azikhala. Kenako ena a iwo anali ku msasa pafupi Nimes. Pali Mkango Feuchtwanger ndi mkazi wake anathandiza ndodo ya American ofesi ya kazembe. Iwo ali iwo zikalata zabodza ndipo ananamizira ngati wolemba mkazi, kunja kwake kwa dziko. Pankhaniyi, Lyons ndi mkazi wake anafunika kudutsa Zopatsa ambiri, monga poyamba kwa nthawi yaitali kubisala Marseilles, kenaka analamulidwa kuyenda Spain ndi Portugal.

Moyo mu USA

Mu 1943, Mkango Feuchtwanger, amene mabuku anali wotchuka kwambiri mu United States, kukakhala Villa "Aurora" mu California. Pali anayesetsa ndipo analenga ntchito zake chidwi kwambiri. Komanso, chifukwa mitengo ikuluikulu linaperekedwa kwa ofalitsa ndi situdiyo, a mabuku ake kusinthidwa kwa zenera, Feuchtwanger anasonkhana laibulale wapamwamba ongokhala oposa 20 000 mabuku.

Ngati Nazi anamuda wolemba zifukwa mitundu, unawonongedwa US anali amaganiziridwa sympathies Communist. Nthawi imeneyi, kamodzinso anatuluka ngati amakangana wa luso Feuchtwanger, kuyambira kale chiyambi cha "mfiti kusakasaka", iye analemba kusewera "Kusokonezeka kwa maganizo, kapena Mdierekezi mu Boston," amene anatsutsa nkhondo ozizira ndi njira ikuchita izo.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Ngakhale kuti wolemba Mkango Feuchtwanger sanali kupita ku Germany, chifukwa cha maganizo ake odana lopondereza, iye anali wotchuka kwambiri mu GDR. Mu 1953 iye anali ngakhale kupereka mphoto yoyamba ya dziko lino mu munda wa mabuku.

Mu 1957, wolemba anapezeka ndi khansa ya mmimba. Ndi Feuchtwanger chithandizo anakopeka madokotala abwino a nthawi, amene adalenga iye maopaleshoni angapo. Kuyesa kupirira matenda analephera kuzipeza, ndi wolemba anamwalira mu 1958 ku magazi mkati.

chisanadze nkhondo ntchito

Mu zaka zoyambilira za ntchito yake kulemba Mkango Feuchtwanger analenga kwambiri a masewero, umene imawunikidwa monga m'malo mediocre. Zitatha izi, publicist wake chidwi nkhani kulemba ndi ndemanga, kulola ngati kuti kunja kuyang'ana pa ntchito yake. Mu nthawi yomweyo Feuchtwanger poyamba ankaganiza kuti n'zotheka kulenga chenicheni buku mbiri pa ntchito zake ouziridwa Mann abale.

Pankhaniyi, ngakhale nkhani ya a nyengo zosiyana, ndi ogwirizana maganizo a lino kudzera prism wa mbiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo mankhwala Mkango Feuchtwanger, olembedwa nkhondo World Ine ndi kusintha Bavarian, mosatsata aestheticism kwambiri kwa Kuzindikira. Kawirikawiri kuonetsa tsoka la umunthu a anthu m'dziko zachiwawa. Makamaka, nkhani ili laperekedwa kwa buku loyamba, Mkango Feuchtwanger amene analemba - ". Yosasangalatsa Duchess"

Ntchito yotsatira a wolemba anakhala buku "Myuda Suess", omwe ali odzipereka kutchito zinachitika mu Germany m'ma 18. Iye anamubweretsa iye kutchuka lonse, ndipo nthawi yomweyo iye mlandu wotsutsa-Semitism nthawi yomweyo ndi dziko la Ayuda. Onse zinangondilimbikitsa chidwi wolemba mbiri ya anthu ake. Chifukwa ndi trilogy a Josephus, lomwe linasindikizidwa m'mayiko ambiri.

N'zoona kuti chilakolako chake kusonyeza modernity, akukankha mu nthawi, pambuyo emigration amakakamizidwa France, wolemba walenga buku "zoyerekeza-Nero", ndi mbali yaikulu ambiri aphunzira Mtsogoleri.

Zilandiridwenso mu zaka positi-nkhondo

Pambuyo Kusamukira kumalo wolemba US ine ndinapitirira kwambiri ndi ntchito mwakhama. Makamaka buku anaonekera mu 1947, "Nkhandwe m'munda wa mpesa." Mkango Feuchtwanger anafotokoza mu zinachitika "mseri" nkhondo ya wodzilamulira. Zinali choyamba pambuyo nkhondo ntchito yake imene anthu ambiri anaona kufanana ndi gulu la kongoletsani-pangano.

zaka 4 Patapita wolemba linalembedwa ntchito yake wotchuka - ". Goya kapena Mwakhama Njira Chenicheni" Mkango Feuchtwanger anafotokoza kuti moyo ndi ntchito ya wotchuka Spanish wojambula. Buku anali bwino yaikulu padziko lonse ndipo mobwerezabwereza anajambula.

Ngakhale mu chaka chatha wa moyo kale kudwala Feuchtwanger anapitiriza kulenga. Kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo, malinga ndi stenographer "Spanish ballad" Chikondi Mfumu ya Spain Alfonso Eighth kwa wamba Fermoze.