Gote Teofil - ndakatulo za nthawi Achikondi

French ndakatulo za m'ma XIX anapereka dziko kwambiri olemba luso. Mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri pa nthawi kunapezeka kuti Gote Teofil. A wotsutsa wa sukulu Achikondi, amene analenga ambiri ndakatulo, ndi ndakatulo kuti anthu ambiri osati France komanso kunja.

moyo wa ndakatulo iyi

Gote Teofil anabadwa pa August 31, 1811 m'tauni ya Tarbes kumalire ndi Spain. Komabe, pasanapite nthawi yaitali banja lake anasamukira ku likulu. Gauthier pafupifupi onse moyo wake anakhala mu Paris, kukhalabe kulakalaka nyengo kum'mwera amene kulephereka chizindikiro pa khalidwe lake ndi zilandiridwenso.

Mu likulu, Gauthier analandila maphunziko kwambiri ndi kukondera anthu. Poyamba mwachangu chidwi kupenta, m'banda adakhala othandiza wa m'gululi Achikondi zaluso. mphunzitsi wake woyamba ndinaganiza Viktora Gyugo.

Wolemba ndakatulo wachinyamata ankakumbukira bwino a m'nthawi chifukwa chovala chake yowala. wofiira chovala chake chosasintha ndi tsitsi lalitali madzi inali njira kwa chikondi mnyamata pa nthawi.

buku loyamba

deta yake yoyamba ya ndakatulo ndi Gote Teofil anamasulidwa mu 1830, pamene anali ndi zaka 19. Iye anaitana wopepuka - "ndakatulo". Panthaŵiyinso (mpaka 1836) ndi ambiri otchuka kwambiri za ntchito zake. ndakatulo iyi, "Albertus" Kunena "Young France", "Mademoiselle de A Maupin", "mwayi", "Misozi za Mdyerekezi."

Ndipo ngati ndakatulo oyambirira "Albertus" zinalembedwa tingachipeze powerenga kalembedwe chikondi, pomwe buku "Young France" akuonekera umunthu kulenga ya wolemba. Choyamba ndi kuphweka ndi ndakatulo kuti kukwaniritsa pretentiousness zimabwezera sharpness wa tingachipeze powerenga kalembedwe chikondi.

ndakatulo vertex

otsutsa N'zoona kuti asaphedwe malo mu gulu la ndakatulo French anatenga Teofil Gote. Ntchito analengedwa ndi iwo, poyerekeza ndi zokometsera pa ndakatulo imodzi, wolemba ndakatulo akhoza ntchito kwa miyezi ingapo.

Mu Poyamba, imeneyi imagwira ntchito yosonkhanitsa "Enamels ndi cameos." Pamwamba pake Gauthier ntchito mu 50-70-ntchentche za m'ma XIX. Iye wolemba amaganiziranso aliyense mphindi ufulu pafupifupi mu zaka 20 zomalizira za moyo wake. Kunena zoona, onse a ntchito chopereka umanena kukumbukira munthu ndi zokumana nazo. Pa moyo wa Gote Teofil anamasulidwa 6 mabuku "Enamels ndi cameos", aliyense wodzilemekeza ndi ntchito yatsopano. Ngati mu 1852 amaphatikiza ndakatulo 18, mu Baibulo komaliza mu 1872, limene linatuluka miyezi ingapo asanamwalire wolemba ndakatulo, zinali kale 47 ankapenta m'nyimbo.

Mtolankhani oyendayenda

Nzowona kuti ndakatulo sanathe kumvetsa muli Gaultier, kotero anagwira ntchito mtolankhani wina. Ntchito imeneyi popanda ulemu, nthawi zambiri anawatcha "Matemberero a moyo wake."

Mu magazini "Press" Zhirardena Gote mpaka satires imfa modabwitsa lofalitsidwa pa mutu wa tsiku. Komanso, iye analemba bukhu, odzipereka kuti kutsutsako ndi mbiri m'mabuku. Choncho, "grotesque" mu 1844 Gautier mpata osiyanasiyana owerenga ndakatulo zingapo XV-XVI zaka, amene zopanda kuiwalika. Pakati pawo Villon ndi Sirano De Berzherak.

Nthawiyi Gauthier anali wapaulendo wachidwi. Ndinkamuchezera pafupi onse a ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo anthu anafika ku Russia. Ulendo anabatizidwa zina zachidule "Ulendo kwa Russia" wa 1867 ndi "Chuma cha Russian Art" mu 1863.

kuyenda zinamuchitikira amafotokozedwa essays luso Teofil Gote. Wambiri ya wolemba mwa iwo akuonekera bwino. Izi ndi "Ulendo kwa Spain", "Italy" ndi "East". Iwo kusiyana ndi osowa kwa mtundu wanyimbo mabuku molondola mitunda ndi chifaniziro ndakatulo ya chokongola.

Buku otchuka

Ngakhale mavesi amphamvu, owerenga ambiri chifukwa china chimene tiyenera kudziwa dzina la Teofil Gote. "Captain Fracassi" - mbiri ulendo buku, iyambe kufalitsidwa mu 1863. Patapita linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri, kuphatikizapo pa Russian, ndi kawiri - mu 1895 ndi 1957.

kanthu udzachitika pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa France a Louis XIII. Ichi ndi chiyambi cha m'ma XVII. The protagonist - mnyamata Baron de A Sigonyak - amakhala malo banja Gascony. Izi Nyumbayi dilapidated, chimene ndi mtumiki wokhulupirika chimodzi chokha.

Zonse zimasintha pamene Nyumbayi usiku analola gululo wa troubadours. Young Baron kugwa m'chikondi ndi Ammayi Isabella ndipo motere ojambula zithunzi mu Paris. Pa njira mmodzi wa mamembala a gulu umafa, ndipo de A Sigonyak anaganiza pa chelovka panayamba udindo wake pa nthawi ya mchitidwewo. Kuti azimukonda Isabella, iye amapita pa siteji ndi kuyamba kusewera udindo wa Captain Fracassi. Izi ndi khalidwe tingachipeze powerenga za Italy Commedia dell'arte. Kufotokozera adventurer msilikali.

zochitika zina ndi mu nkhani yosangalatsa ofufuza. Isabella amafuna kusokeretsa wamng'ono Duc de A Vallombrez. Baron wathu amutsutsa iye kuti duel ndi, amapambana, koma Duke samatisiya zoyesayesa zake. Upanga bungwe la kuba wa Isabella a hotelo Parisian, ndi kutumiza cholinga kuti De Sigonyak akupha. Komabe, fiasco lomaliza.

Kutha ndi zambiri zofanana Indian melodrama. Isabella wofooka mu chinyumba wa Duke, amene akulimbikira amapereka ake chikondi chake. Komabe, pa mphindi yotsiriza, chifukwa mphete banja, likukhalira kuti Isabella ndi Duke - m'bale ndi mlongo.

Duke ndi Baron kuyanjanitsidwa, de Sigonyak akakwatira mkazi wokongola. Kumapeto kwa banja lina ndikupeza chuma mu chinyumba akale, zobisika kumeneko ndi makolo ake.

Anasiya Gauthier

Ngakhale chikondi cha ndakatulo ndi zinthu, kuwapatsa nthawi yokwanira sakanakhoza Teofil Gote. Pangani ndakatulo zinatheka pa nthawi yopuma, ndi onse a moyo wake zoyenera utolankhani ndi kuthetsa mavuto azachuma. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a ntchito anali kundipatsa ndi zolemba za chisoni, nthawi zambiri amamva zosatheka kuti akhazikitse onse ndi malingaliro.

Teofil Gote anamwalira mu 1872 mu Neuilly, pafupi Paris. Iye anali ndi zaka 61.