Lina Politika Aleksandra 2

Wachitatu lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma 19 Politika Aleksandra 2 sanali bwino. Kugonjetsedwa mu Crimea nkhondo ndi chilengedwe cha dongosolo Crimea, pansi pa mawu a Pangano la Paris, wofooka udindo wa Russia ndi kukopa kwake pa Europe. Petersburg sanalinso likulu zamtendere.

Chifukwa kuti analephera yachilendo Politika Aleksandra 2, anthu anatsutsika wolakwa pa Nesselrode. Pamenepo mfumu adamtumiza pantchito, ndi malo a nduna ya za okhonda yoikidwiratu A. M. Gorchakova. Mlauli munthu amakonda kusankha pansi Nicholas 1, iye sanapeze kukwezedwa. Komabe, luso lake muzindikire ndi kuzindikira Alexander 2. mfundo okhonda bungwe Gorchakov yomweyo pambuyo chiyanjo ake positi, Mfumu kwavomelezedwa kwathunthu.

Gorchakov anakakamizika kuvomereza kuti ndi ofooka kwambiri pa nthawi dziko nkhondo ndi mawu a zachuma. Ananena kuti Russia muyenera kuganizira zochita zake mkati ndi kuyesetsa kukhala pa mtendere ndi ena, kufunafuna ogwirizana chitetezo. Nduna ankakhulupirira kuti yachilendo Politika Aleksandra 2 nthawi zina ayenera kukhala yogwira, muyenera kumanga ubale ndi anansi ake, zigawo apamtima.

Chinthu choyamba Gorchakov anaganiza kuti afooketse Crimea dongosolo, ndizolowere France. Ndipo iyo imakoka pamodzi ndi mbali ziwiri cha kutsutsidwa wamba ndondomeko Austria. The chifukwa cha zimene zimachitika wa French ndi Russian anali zikamera ya dziko latsopano - Romania. Komabe, chifukwa cha mkangano za udindo wa Nyanja Black, pa malo oyera ndi funso Polish ubale pakati pa maiko awiri sanalandire pofuna kukwaniritsa.

Pambuyo inalowa mwa Alexander 2 inawala ndi chipani dziko la Poland. chaka V1861 ku Poland chionetsero anali omwazikana. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, kukhala kazembe kumeneko, analangiza A. wielopolski banja, anthu apamwamba m'dera, kugwira mndandanda wa kukonza dziko. Malamulo anali okonzeka kuchita makalasi m'sukulu mu chinenero Polish, kubwezeretsa kwa University of Warsaw, pa zokambirana za moyo wa Amaya. Komabe, Aleksander Wielopolski analengeza asilikali a achinyamata wa asilikali a wosadalirika ndale. chigamulochi ali chikwiyire mu 1863 kugalukira latsopano, kuukira pa midzi ya asilikali ankhondo. Mwamsanga unakhazikitsidwa boma provisional ndipo analengeza ufulu wa Poland. Kumangosokoneza mgwirizano lamulo la Grand Duke ali kwathunthu analephera.

Britain ndi France ankaona kuti zitachitika, iwo ali ndi ufulu kuvutitsa Russia. 3 Napoleon akufuna kuti lachiweruzo ndi msonkhano wa mayiko osiyanasiyana kupereka Amnesty amene anagalukira nawo ndi kubwezeretsa malamulo a Poland. Gorchakov anakana zotsatsa zonse chifukwa ankakhulupirira Polish nkhani eni zochitika za Russia ndi oimira Russian adawudzudzula ngakhale kukambirana. Mu 1864, zipolowe ku Poland idagonjetsedwa kwathunthu. Ndipo anathandiza izi Prussia, amene walemba msonkhano ndi Russia, zomwe, ngati n'koyenera, kusuntha momasuka malire ake.

Mu 60s mochedwa m'ma 19 yachilendo Politika Aleksandra 2 anali umalimbana yankho la vuto German. Tsopano papita vuto lalikulu m'mayiko ambiri European. O. Bismarck, mtumiki-pulezidenti wa Prussia, anafuna kuthetsa nkhani imeneyi footwork. Russia ali adamuthandiza ndipo mu 1870 pakati Prussia ndi France, kunabuka nkhondo. chigonjetso Prussian anatsogolera potsiriza dongosolo kuwonongeka Crimea, chirengedwe cha German Ufumu ndi kudula mapu a ku Ulaya, ndi kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Napoleon 3 ndi mapangidwe wa Paris kulankhula.

Koma si nthawi zonse yachilendo Politika Aleksandra 2 chofanana zinthu Russia. Kwenikweni, nkhawa chilengezo cha Chirasha Turkey nkhondo 1877. lingaliro ili la mfumu am'kwiyitsa ndi kulephera kuthetsa mavuto ndi zamtendere njira Oriental ndi Asilavo kuthamanga kwa atsogoleri a makomiti.