Chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Peter 1. Peter Mfumu 1. Nthawi ya Peter 1

Osiyanasiyana ndi chidwi mbiri ya Russia. Peter 1 angakhale ndi amadza yaikulu ake. khama kusintha anadalira zinachitikira m'mayiko a Azungu, koma anachita pa maziko a zosowa za Russia, ngakhale kuti sanali dongosolo zina ndi pulogalamu kusintha. Mfumu loyamba la Russia athe kutsogolera dziko kunja "osamveka" nthawi mu dziko European mwapang'onopang'ono, anakakamizika kulemekeza mphamvu ndi kuwerengera ndi izo. Ndithudi, iye anali mwininkhani chitukuko cha dziko.

Policy ndi Board Management

Taganizirani mfundo ndi ulamuliro wa Petro 1 mwachidule. Iye anali Ngokhoza kulenga zinthu zonse zofunikira kuukitsa mbiri ya chitukuko Western, ndi ndondomeko ya kuchotsa maziko akale anali chopweteka kwambiri kwa Russia. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kusintha anali chakuti bwanji strata onse chikhalidwe, nkhani imeneyi ya Peter 1 n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito za akalambula ake.

Koma ambiri, Politika Petra amalandira kulimbitsa likhale dziko mu chikhalidwe. N'zoona kuti nthawi zambiri zinthu ku malo a mphamvu Komabe, iye anatha kulenga dziko wamphamvu ndi ili pa mutu wa mfumu ndi mphamvu zonse zopanda malire.

Pamaso pa Petro 1 Russia anali utsalira chuma ndi mwaukadaulo ochokera m'mayiko ena, koma anagonjetsa ndipo kusinthika muzochitika zones za moyo zinachititsa kuti kulimbitsa, kukula kwa malire a ufumu ndi chitukuko.

1 Politika Petra chinali kuthetsa vuto la traditionalism kudzera kusintha ambiri, chifukwa mu Russia modernized ndi limodzi mwa gulu lalikulu la masewera mayiko ndale. Iye lobbied zofuna zawo. yonena ake chawonjezeka zayamba, ndipo Petulo anali kuoneka ngati chitsanzo cha wokonzanso kwambiri.

Iye maziko a chikhalidwe Russian ndipo amakhala ndi dongosolo tichepetse, zomwe zinapitirira kwa zaka zambiri.

Ambiri akatswiri, kufufuza Russian mbiri, akukhulupirira kuti kusintha moumiriza imposition anali inadmissible, ngakhale sanakane maganizo wina dziko anali chabe sawukitsidwa, ndi Mfumu ayenera lolimba. Ngakhale kukhazikitsanso a m'dzikoli sangathe kuchotsa a dongosolo la serfdom. M'malo mwake, anapitirizabe chuma asilikali khola inkakhala wamba. Ichi chinali kutsutsana chachikulu kukonza kopitirira Peter Wamkulu, panali preconditions ya mavuto m'tsogolo.

yonena

Peter 1 (1672-1725) anali mwana wamng'ono anakwatira Romanova A. M. ndi Naryshkinoy N. K. ABC Learning anayamba 12/03/1677, pamene iye anali simudafikire zaka zisanu. Patapita 1 Peter, amene mbiri kuyambira ali mwana anali odzaza ndi zochitika owala, anakhala mfumu yaikulu.

Kalonga anapita mofunitsitsa kwambiri, nkhani zachikondi ndi mabuku kuwerenga. Pamene mfumukazi atamva zimenezi, iye analamula kuti adzampatsa buku lofotokoza mbiri ya laibulale yachifumu.

Mu 1676, Peter 1, amene yonena pa nthawi iyi zinali zodzaza ndi imfa ya bambo ake, anakulira mchimwene. Wolowa anaikidwa Romanov Ivan Alekseevich, koma chifukwa chodwala ankalengeza khumi chaka mwayekha Peter. Miloslavsky sanafune kuthana nazo, ndi zina am'kwiyitsa Streletsky kupanduka, kenako awiri anali pa mpando wachifumu - Peter ndi Ivan.

Peter ndi amayi wake ankakhala mu Izmailovo, malo amene Romanov mtundu, kapena m'mudzi la Chiwalitsiro. Mpingo maphunziro ndi mkulu sanapeze kumeneko palokha. Amphamvu, wokangalika, nthawi zambiri ankaimba nkhondo pamodzi ndi anzawo.

Ndi kuthetsa German, anakumana chikondi choyamba ndi anzanga ambiri. Chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Petro 1 kwadziwika ndi chipolowe, umene unapangidwa bungwe ndi Sofia, kuyesetsa kuchotsa m'bale wake. Iye sanafune kusiya mphamvu mu manja ake. Mu 1689, Prince anakabisala mu Utatu-Sergio Lavra. Iye panaoneka shelefu ndi mbali yaikulu ya bwalo, ndi mlongo wake Sophia inachotsedwa bolodi ndi mokakamiza anamangidwa amonke.

Kukhazikika pa mpando wachifumu wa Peter 1. mbiri Zake kwa mphindi amakhala kwambiri lapadera onse mu moyo payekha ndi zinthu pagulu. Iye anakhala nawo yokopa ndi Turkey, mongodzipereka anapita ku Ulaya komwe anatenga njira ya zida zankhondo Sciences, anaphunzira shipbuilding mu England, anapanga ya kusintha mu Russia. Anakwatira kawiri ndi ana 14, anazindikira mwalamulo.

moyo wa Peter I

Lopuchin Evdokia anali mkazi woyamba wa mfumu, amene tinakwatirana mu 1689. Mkwatibwi asankha mayi wamkulu mfumu, ndi chikondi kwa iye, sanali kumva, koma udani. Mu 1698, iye anali mokakamiza tonsured monga mviligo. moyo - tsamba limodzi la buku limene nkhani ya Peter 1. Pa njira imene anakumana Martha akhoza kutchulidwa - Livonia kukongola amene anagwidwa ndi Russian, ndipo mfumu, pamene adamuwona m'nyumba Menshikov, sankafunanso zimenezo. Pambuyo pa ukwati wawo, anakhala Mfumukazi Catherine I.

Peter anali kutikonda kwambiri, iye anam'berekera ana ambiri, koma anamva kusakhulupirika kwake, iye adanyerezera pyakukhonda bequeath wachifumu kwa mkazi wake. ubale ndi mfumu anali ndi mwana wake kwa ukwati wake woyamba. Mfumu anafa, ndipo alibe kusiya chifuniro.

Zofuna za Peter I

Ngakhale ndili mwana tsogolo tsar Petulo 1 kusonkhanitsa "woseketsa" alumali ndi anzawo ndi nkhondo zinachitika. Atakula izi regiments ophunzitsidwa bwino ndipo anali alonda chachikulu. Peter anali kufuna kwambiri mwachibadwa, ndipo kotero anali ndi chidwi zamanja ambiri ndi sayansi. Zombo - mmodzi wa zowawa zake, iye anali kwambiri chinkhoswe mu shipbuilding. Katswiri kuchinga, kukwera mahatchi, pyrotechnics, lathe malonda ndi sayansi zina zambiri.

Chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa

Chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Petro 1 anali dvoetsarstviem monga anagawana mphamvu ndi m'bale wake Ivan. Pambuyo mafunsidwe mlongo Sophia, Peter pa malamulo oyamba boma. Kale pa zaka 22 Mfumu wachinyamata, anabwera zowoneka pa mpandowachifumu, ndi masewera ake anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe kwa dziko. kampeni wake woyamba Azov anali kucitika mu 1695, m'chaka cha 1696 - wachiwiri. Ndiye Mfumu ukuyamba ilibe.

Maonekedwe a Peter I

Kuyambira ukhanda Peter anali m'malo lalikulu mwana. Monga mwana, iye anali wokongola ndipo nkhope ndi maonekedwe, ndipo anali pamwamba pa zonse mwa anzawo. Tikakumana ndi chisangalalo ndi mkwiyo wa mfumu m'mwamba kukokana nkhope, ndipo mantha ena. Duke wa Saint-Simon anam'patsa kufotokoza molondola: "Tsar Peter 1 - wamtali, yomangidwa bwino, pang'ono Taphunzira. Round nkhope ndi mkulu pamphumi nsidze wokongola mawonekedwe. Mphuno pang'ono chabe koma si zoonekeratu milomo wakuda, mdima khungu. Mfumu maso wakuda wokongola mawonekedwe, wochangamuka ndiponso anzeru kwambiri. Yang'anani ulemu kwambiri ndiponso mwaulemu. "

nyengo

chidwi chachikulu ndi nthawi ya Peter 1, chifukwa ndicho chiyambi cha kukula ndi chitukuko womveka wa Russia, lisanduke mphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mfumu ndi ntchito zake, asilikali zonse ndi bulu inamangidwa kasamalidwe dongosolo ndi mapangidwe, kupangidwa kwa zaka zingapo. Kuchuluka mabizinezi mafakitale apanga zamanja ndi ntchito, kukhazikitsa malonda mkati ndi kunja. Panali riziki zonse ntchito kwa anthu.

Culture mu Russia pansi Peter I

Russia zasintha kwambiri, pamene Petro anabwera ku mpando wachifumu. kusintha sikumatha iwo zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa dziko. Russia likhale lolimba, nthawi zonse kuwonjezera malire ake. Iwo wakhala boma European ndi mayiko ena anali zochita. Osati kokha zochitika zankhondo ndi malonda anali akupangidwa koma panali zikayenda bwino chikhalidwe. Chaka chatsopano anayamba kuthamanga 1 January, zinali zoletsedwa pa ndevu, anafika woyamba Russian nyuzipepala mabuku zakunja yomasulira. Ntchito kukula popanda maphunziro anakhala zosatheka.

Atakwera wachifumu, mfumu anapanga kusintha ambiri, ndi mbiri ya ulamuliro wa Petro 1 osiyanasiyana ndi otchuka. Mmodzi mwa malamulo chofunika kwambiri kuti kulanda mpando mwambo chabe ana a mzere wamwamuna sinyamukanso, ndi wolowa nyumba a awerenge aliyense chifuniro cha mfumu. Lamuloli kwambiri zachilendo, ndipo izo zimayenera WAKUTI ndi apemphe chilolezo cha kumutsogolera, kum'kakamiza Perekani affidavit. Koma imfa sanam'patse mwayi woti ntchito.

Zodyera mu nthawi ya Peter

kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika mu nthawi ya Peter 1 ndiponso ulemu. The ogwira ankavala zovala European, ndevu zake akhoza kupulumutsa chabe kukhoma chabwino lolemera. Iwo anakhala yapamwamba kuvala mawigi pamodzi mizere Western. Akazi amene kale anapezeka madyerero ku nyumba yachifumu, tsopano kukhala alendo, kusintha maphunziro awo, monga ankaganiza kuti msungwana ayenera kuvina, kudziwa zilankhulo ndi kuimba zida zoimbira nyimbo.

Khalidwe la Peter I

Khalidwe la mfumu wakhala maganizo. Peter irascible ndi ozizira nthawi yomweyo, wolowerera ndipo ndikutanthauza, lolimba ndiponso achifundo wovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri Munaleza, waukali ndiponso waulemu pa nthawi yomweyo. Choncho, anafotokozedwa ndi iwo amene sanamudziwe Iye. Koma anali mfumu yaikulu ya kukhulupirika, moyo wake wonse odzipereka ku ntchito ya boma, anali Iye ndipo pamoyo wake.

1 Petro anali zosawononga kwambiri pamene ndalama zosowa munthu, koma pa ntchito yomanga nyumba zachifumu awo ndi mkazi wokondedwa, iye sanatero stint. Mfumu ganizo kuti chophweka njira zochepetsera zopindika - kuchepetsa awo zosowa, ndipo ayenera kupereka chitsanzo chabwino wake nkhani. Pali asamalidwe kudzera njira ake awiri: mmodzi - mfumu wamkulu ndi wamphamvu amene yachifumu pa Peterhof si wolephera Versailles, winayo - mwini Taphunzira, anapereka chitsanzo chabwino kwa moyo ndalama za anthu awo. Kuumira ndi mogulitsa loonetsa ndi European anthu.

kusintha

Chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Petro 1 kwadziwika ndi nambala ya kusintha zokhudza makamaka asilikali zochitika kawirikawiri ikuchitika ndi mphamvu, ndi Ine nthawi zonse zinachititsa kuti ankafunila zotsatira iye. Koma pambuyo 1715 anakhala bwino kwambiri. Tidangokocheza pa kusintha mu zaka zoyambirira za Boyar Duma, zimene zinaonetseratu kuti sinathe lolamulira dziko. Ngati tikambirana ulamuliro wa Petro 1 Mwachidule, pali mfundo zingapo zofunika. Adakonza ofesi Middle. matabwa ambiri anaphunzitsidwa, aliyense udindo malangizo ake (misonkho, mfundo yachilendo, malonda, makhoti, ndi zina zotero. d.). kusintha Judicial lasintha. Anadziŵa kayendetsedwe ka malo antchito a kazitape. Kukonza zagwira mbali zonse za moyo: asilikali, mpingo, chuma, malonda, autocratic. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa muzochitika zones za moyo mu Russia chinaoneka mphamvu yayikulu, ndipo anafunafuna Peter 1.

Peter I: zaka zofunika

Ngati tikulingalira masiku zofunika kwambiri pa moyo ndi ntchito ya mfumu, Petro 1, zaka zimene akhala kalikiliki zochitika zosiyanasiyana intervals nthawi inali yogwira kwambiri:

• 1700: Constantinople Mtendere, Great kumpoto nkhondo, Narva - kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali.
• 1721: The industrialists saloledwa kugula wamba, Sinodi bungwe, Pangano la Nystad ndi Sweden kupeza Mfumu Peter mutu Wamkulu.
• 1722: Caspian kampeni ndi kugwirizana mbiri ku gombe Russian pa nyanja.

Chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Petro 1 akhala kuchokera pachiyambi inamangidwa pa yolimbirana dziko. Si kanthu amatchedwa Great. Deti la ulamuliro wa Petro 1: zaka 1682-1725. Kukhala amphamvu kanthu, mtima, luso, osati chisoni chifukwa kukwaniritsa mphamvu ngakhalenso nthawi, mfumu anali okhwima onse, koma makamaka nokha. Nthawi zambiri zankhanza, koma chifukwa mphamvu zake, kudzipereka, mphamvu ndi ena nkhanza Russia wasintha kwambiri, kukhala wamphamvu. Nthawi ya Peter 1 anasintha nkhope ya boma kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo iye anayambitsa mzindawo unakhala likulu la ufumu kwa zaka 300. Tsopano St. Petersburg - umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri ku Russia ndi monyadira limadziwika ndi dzina lake polemekeza anayambitsa kwambiri.