Soviet counteroffensive pafupi Moscow. Linakhazikitsa counteroffensive mu Nkhondo ya Moscow

Mu mbiri pena kuti sangathe anasintha kapena kusinthidwa palibe wazambiriyakale. Kwambiri kugwa 1941 pamene mantha, izo zinkawoneka padziko lonse, panali funso yosungira umphumphu wa Soviet Union, kwambiri khama wakhala anaponyedwa chitetezo cha Moscow. Ndipo ngakhale zinthu zoterezi, mphamvu za amadzibisa atatu December 5, 1941 anayamba potsimikizira-amanyansidwa a asilikali Soviet pafupi Moscow. Kuyambira tsiku limenelo, pang'ono ndi pang'ono tikulephera ankhondowo lopondereza kumalire a kumadzulo a mkhalidwe wathu. Koma si choncho ndinaganiza opaleshoni mumpanda USSR ndi Anazi.

kukonzekera Barbarossa

Chilimwe 1941 zinali zomvetsa chisoni kuti Soviet Union. June 22 lopondereza asilikali German linaphwanya malire boma ndipo anasamukira yogwira ntchito zolawula. Pa mtima wa kumayambiliro a German anagona wotchuka Barbarossa dongosolo, mwakuchita Field polimbana Paulo. Acemeresa pasadakhale mofulumira asilikali German pa gawo European wa USSR, kulanda mizinda yonse yaikulu, kuphatikizapo likulu ndi Leningrad (kodi izo kapadera kuti nkhondo ya Moscow idzakhala m'modzi mwa mfundo anatembenukira ku nkhondo oopsa). Yapadera opaleshoni Paulo ankakhulupirira adani a Caucasus mwamsanga pamene zipangizo zotheka yaiwisi. Ndipotu, m'matangadza Loona za mafuta pa msonkhano wokopa yaitali Wehrmacht sanathe kokwanira.

Kuyenera Mukalongosola kuti njira yaikulu ya dongosolo anali mofulumira kwambiri pasadakhale magulu amphamvu thanki amene anayenera osokoneza chitetezo wa Red Army ndi kudula ake mitsempha zoyendera okwanira. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti German Moto oyenda, kusuntha pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, adzawononga zotsala za a mayunitsi asilikali a Red Army, amene anadza zikuphedwa thanki.

oyenda anawalamula kuti kulenga otchedwa boilers, komanso mwayi unimpeded kwa mayunitsi kotunga thanki pomenyana. ntchito anapatsidwa gulu la asilikali "Center", molamulidwa ndi Field polimbana Fedor Von Bock. Mpheroyi 4 TH ndi 9 TH Army, wopereka chivundikiro oyenda thanki gulu, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa 2 ndi magulu thanki 3. Chiwerengero cha magulu omenyana-wokonzeka thanki mu magulu awa kuposa 60. Air grouping Von Bock yokutidwa 2 Air Force Luftwaffe, ndi za 1.680 nkhondowo ndege.

The ungwazi alonda malire

Ngakhale kufulumira wachibale wa mlandu, kwa maola loyambirira la Germany tinavutika ndi kukana koopsa alonda Soviet malire, amene, ndithudi, sanathe kumbuyo pomenyana thanki wedges adani. Komabe, maola kuti iwo molimba anali chitetezo (a mfundo amadziwika kuti m'madera ena, matumba kukaniza smoldered kwa miyezi), analola mpumulo panopa zoopsa vuto la Soviet mayunitsi zonse ku mbali ya kumadzulo.

M'mawu ena, chiŵerengero cha "nthawi - imfa" pa mphindi loyamba la nkhondo anayamba kulimbana ndi Germany. Mfundo zili Maulendo a ena akazembe German ya General Wogwila. Ngakhale ambiri izo sanasinthe zokhazikika. Germany movutikira, koma anaukira ndi kuwononga mphamvu ndi makonzedwe a Red Army. Komabe, pamene iwo anataya katundu wolemera.

kulimbikitsa kumtunda

Nkhondo pafupi Moscow chimene munali Ankhondo Gulu magulu "Center", zinachitikadi zachiwawa. German oti muli nazo zida wedges ng'oma anagwidwa zambiri malire atsopano, koma mizati nthawi zambiri kutali wapita okha wagwidwa matumba moto ndi ambushes. Pali milandu pamene luso anakonza zida zankhondo abisalire anawononga pa kumenyana ndi 20 German akasinja.

lamulo Hitler sanali kulabadira kwa nkhani zimenezi kochititsa mantha kwa atsogoleri ake. Zinaoneka kuti chigonjetso mu thumba. Vuto la kusimidwa kuteteza Red Army akadali kumaliza mpweya ukulu wa Nazi. Sitima Junkers angaimbidwenso pansi mzinda wa mtendere, ndi ozimitsa sanali onyozeka ngakhale kufuna magulu a othawa kwawo.

Soviet ndege, pafupi ndi malire kupita, ndipo anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa. Choncho, masabata angapo mdani anamva wokongola womasuka mu mlengalenga. Koma, ngakhale, ena omenyana akadali anawulukira. Monga zinachitikira ntchito nthaka, pa 22 June a ku Germany anataya loyamba la ndege. Ndipo August 7 Soviet losatha ndege zochita anakantha bomba loyamba kuukira Berlin.

Zolinga za nkhaniyi sakhala ndi kulanda Mayina a amuna otchuka ndi mayunitsi asilikali, amene mwaukali kumbuyo, ankavala pansi German makina ankhondo pa msewu wopita ku likulu, motero mwayi kukonzekera counterattack la asilikali Soviet pafupi Moscow. Mayina a m'nkhaniyi, ndithudi, palibe m'modzi adzawona konse.

Opaleshoni "Mvula ya mkuntho"

Ndipo ine ndikufuna kuona ndi mphindi pamene Wehrmacht anali woyamba lowopsya, ndipo malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi bala lalikulu. Ndi za tsiku, pamene Soviet potsimikizira-zolawula pa Moscow. Zinali ndi adani a likulu la USSR Adolf Hitler zogwirizana bwino akuluakulu a blitzkrieg wake.

Oyambirira mu General Wogwila magulu German ntchito yapadera kugwila Moscow wakhala akupangidwa umene codenamed "Mvula ya mkuntho". Ndondomeko zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chimodzimodzi thanki "wedges". Atatu thanki mantha gulu anakonza kugawanitsa chitetezo Soviet ndi kufikira Moscow ku madera angapo okha kulola oyenda ulere kulowa mu mzinda.

Yaitali kumbuyo nkhondo

Tsiku counteroffensive pafupi Moscow anali akadali kutali, koma ntchito Nazi unayamba pa 30 September. Atazunguliridwa mphamvu Soviet kumadzulo kwa Vyazma Anazi anakonza chiwonongeko wawo wonse. Komabe, zokometsera wa mzinda ndi kukana aukali ndi kukoka oyenda wa ku Germany, amene anali kuthandiza patsogolo thanki gulu.

Ndipo Chofunika, nkhondo protracted wa Vyazma analola lamulo Soviet kuti zayamba kulimbikitsa Mozhayskoe malangizo likuvutika nkhokwe atsopano. Apa tisaiwale kuti zinali anali mbali yofunika kwambiri ya dongosolo lonse la chitetezo, zomwe chiyambi cha potsimikizira-amanyansidwa pafupi Moscow.

mkhalidwe wa kuzinga

Pa October 13 mbali zonse zotsogolera ku likulu la nkhondo katundu kunabuka. The State Committee silikhali wasankha pa achoke tsankho ena makampani ndi Corps zamtendere mu Moscow. Chimodzimodzi Mtsogoleri Wamkulu Stalin anakana kuchoka ku Moscow.

Pa October 19, mu mkhalidwe kuzinga anali tokha. Zikwi Muscovites kudzadza magawano wa asilikali dziko, kukumba ngalande kumbuyo, kukhazikitsa zopinga wapadera antitank. Grouping la asilikali Soviet pa Vyazma ndi khama kwambiri anakwanitsa umayamba, kundisisita kwambiri anatambasula kumbuyo German ndipo kwambiri kulimbitsa magawano yake dongosolo kuti kumbuyo likulu.

perete asilikali

Mu theka lachiwiri la October, dziko la Germany akadali mayendedwe mseru kupitiriza kugwetsera Moscow. Iwo anatenga Orel, Kalinin ndipo anafika pafupi ndi Tula. Komabe, mfundo wamkulu wa opaleshoni "Mvula ya mkuntho" mwachionekere anali wokhumudwa kwambiri. Nazi sanathe pamaso kuzizira kwambiri moti analanda Moscow.

Kumayambiriro November, pamene Nkhondo ya Moscow pa "inaleka," ndi Mtsogoleri Wamkulu Stalin ankadziwa kugwira perete asilikali Moscow. Zinali zofunika kwambiri ndi wanzeru ndale kusuntha kwa utsogoleri Soviet. Nov. 7 perete zinachitika. Anthu onse a Soviet Union amasowa kukana chochitika anachititsa chidwi kwambiri.

asilikali, amene anayenda pa perete, ndipo anaona Stalin pa rostrum wa Mausoleum. Zinadziwika kwa onse pamaso yofunika kwambiri Malingana ndi nkhondo, zomwe si manyazi kupita utsogoleri ngakhale apamwamba a dziko. The makhalidwe ndikutumikira pamaso pa Red Army anali unprecedentedly mkulu. Tinganene mosakayika kuti nkhondo ya Moscow, Soviet counteroffensive ndi kumasula boma ku Nazi anayamba apa, pa Red Square.

Choka la asilikali ochokera Kummawa

Kuwonjezera apo, anadabwa zosasangalatsa kwa German General Wogwila anali kulanda mwadzidzidzi ku magulu Far East, amene anali kumeneko kuteteza kuukira Union achifasizimu Japan. Soviet utumiki chinsinsi anali ndi ntchito yapadera disinformation Japanese lamulo, choncho asilikali atsopano komanso zida anafika kuthandiza counteroffensive Soviet pafupi Moscow.

Komabe, lamulo German samadziwa kuti ndi kupitiriza kukhala bwino ntchito. M'madera ena a kutsogolo Nazi anakwanitsa kubwera kwa Moscow pa makilomita 11. Koma ngakhale kukana mphamvu ya Red Army anayima. Wotopa kumenyana mayunitsi German sizikanatha pasadakhale.

Mfundo monyang'ama

5 mpaka 6 December kwa Germany linakhazikitsa anadabwa amanyansidwa a asilikali Soviet pafupi Moscow, osweka asilikali German anathamangitsidwa ku 150-200 Km from likulu. Losses anapalamula ndi ndigwira losagonjetseka Wehrmacht anali lamkunkhuniza. Wekha anthu oti anaononga anthu oposa 500 zikwi. Patsogolo anali nkhondo aukali ndi zaka zinayi nkhondo. Koma choyamba mng'alu asilikali makina a Nazi Germany anali mu Nkhondo ya Moscow.