Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna: yonena ndi chithunzi

Maria Romanova - mmodzi wa ana a Nicholas II. mokhotamo zonse zodzachitika m'tsogolo ake zogwirizana umembala wa banja korona. Iye ankakhala yochepa moyo, dangling chilimwe usiku mu 1918 chifukwa cha chiwawa wa Bolsheviks. Chithunzi cha Mariya, m'bale wake, m'bale ndi makolo akhala zizindikiro za mbiri yoopsya ya Russia ndi nkhanza opusa wa Civil nkhondo.

kubadwa

Mwana wachitatu otsiriza Russian Tsar Romanov Maria Nikolaevna anabadwa June 14, 1899 mu Peterhof, lomwe ndinkakhala nalo chilimwe tchuthi a m'banja lachifumu. mimba Chachitatu Alexandra zinali zophweka. Iye anakomoka chifukwa cha zimene kale masabata angapo, iye anali kuthera mu chikuku wapadera. Zoyerekeza ndi madokotala kwambiri ankaopa kuti moyo wa mayi ndi mwana, koma pamapeto pake, kubadwa zinayenda bwino. Mtsikanayo anabadwa amphamvu ndi athanzi.

Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna anabatizidwa pa June 27. Mwambo unachitikira John Yanyshev - confessor a m'banja lachifumu. Mu Mpingo Peterhof pa nthawi imeneyi, padali anthu pafupifupi 500 - achibale, akazembe yachilendo, ogwira wantchitoyo ulemu. Wapadera mwambo inatha ndi sawatcha akatemera 101, mpingo apadera ndi kulira mabelu. Komabe, tsiku lotsatira chimwemwe bambo, mmalo mwa Nicholas kuwawa chifukwa cha nkhani za imfa ya m'bale wake George, amene anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu.

ubwana

Wantchito Mariya ndi mbale wake anali English Margarita Iger. Iye wagwiritsa ntchito mu Russia kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo anabwerera kwawo, zafalitsa chokumbukira banja lachifumu. Ndi Maulendo awa ndi mapepala ambiri anasiya mboni ndi zosiyana, lero n'zotheka bwinobwino kubwezeretsa makhalidwe ndi khalidwe la Grand Duchess. Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna anali kusangalala ndi mafoni mtsikana ndi maso mu mdima buluu ndi kuwala bulauni tsitsi. Mu unyamata ndi wamng'ono, izo amakhala ndi kukula mkulu.

Chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa ndi zabwino-chikhalidwe khalidwe cha mwana wamkazi wa m'banja anayamba kuitana Masha. Iwo kawirikawiri ntchito ngati dzina la Mary. Chizolowezi kuyitana abale kalembedwe English anali ponseponse kuti banja lachifumu. Ambiri Maria anali abwenzi ndi mng'ono wake Anastasia, mchikakamizo cha kwambiri zoipa, koma kenako anayamba kusewera tenisi. chizolowezi wina akhafunika pikulu akhali nyimbo atsikana - Nthawi zambiri iwo ankawotcha galamafoni ndi kuvina kuti kutopa pansi mingoli wake. Pansi aakazi kuchipinda chipinda anali Alexandra, amene anatenga onse akuluakulu. The Buzz pamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri kwachititsa manyazi chifukwa cha zimene anali kutumiza kwa madona Mfumukazi a. Maria ndi Anastasia kuti "zazing'ono", monga kuyenera awiri "mkulu" - Olga ndi Tatiana.

Monga mwana, panali alongo chonse kuchepetsa Othman (zilembo loyamba maina), iwo anasaina kalatayi. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova moyo wake ndi banja lake anakhala mu Tsarskoye Selo. makolo ake sanali St. Petersburg Zima Palace - zinali zazikulu kwambiri ndipo pali zambiri tinkayenda drafts, akhala chifukwa cha matenda ana.

Chilimwe chilichonse, banja amapita kukwera pa yatchi "Standart". Iwo anayenda makamaka Gulf wa Finland ndi zilumba yaing'ono. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova zimachitika kunja n'chosoŵa. Kawiri iye kukachezera achibale ambiri mu England ndi Germany. Banja lachifumu chifukwa mabanja ambiri akhala kugwirizana ndi achepetse onse European.

Ana aang'ono, mtsikana nthawi zambiri ndi wantchito wake. Ndi Margaritoy Iger chifukwa kwambiri za nkhani zoseketsa ndi chidwi za mbiri m'banja lachifumu. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa namwino Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna anapeza Ireland ka ya English chinenero (iye anali mbadwa ya Belfast). "Skewed" Anatsogolera chakuti banja lachifumu hayala mphunzitsi watsopano Charles Sydney. Iye anakonza Irish ka a Mary ndi alongo ake.

Iye anayamba kuphunzira mu zaka eyiti. Nzika zake poyamba anali penmanship, kuwerenga, masamu, ndipo lamulo la Mulungu. Ndiye anati, zilankhulo (English, French, German), ndi sayansi. Akhaapfundzisambo akuimba limba ndi kuvina, popanda zomwe iwo sakanakhoza kuchita Maria Nikolaevna Romanova. Mwana wamkazi wa Nicholas 2 zogwirizana mthupi mwawo ndipo ndi luso onse, kuvomereza mwa akazi mu mabwalo apamwamba lolemera. Best wa onse anapatsidwa kwa Mariya English, zomwe nthawi zambiri analankhula ndi makolo ake.

maphunziro

mayi ake a mtsikanayo zambiri amasiyana khalidwe kwambiri. Ndithu mosiyana zinthu Nicholas. Atate zambiri zhuril Mariya ndi ana ake ena kumene Alexandra akhoza kulanga kapena mowirikiza. aakazi Mfumukazi anapitiriza kulamulira zolimba - anatsatira bwalo kulankhulana awo. Pamene atsikana atakula, mayi ake anayamba kuopa iwo pafupi mabanja achifumu, kapena ngakhale asuweni. Ku maganizo a Alexandra Feodorovna, maphunziro oyenera inazingidwa kukhala kwambiri Orthodox. chikoka mayi ndi noticeable zimakhudza maganizo a anthu otchulidwa ndi aakazi. Onse a iwo (makamaka Olga, komanso Maria) anakhala Akhristu mystically okonda ndi wopembedza.

Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, monga alongo ake, sanakwatirepo - mawu nkhondo. Inde, mwana wamkazi wa mfumu sankaoneka ngati wolowa angathe mkwatibwi wake wam'tsogolo mpando wachifumu mu mphamvu zina European. Komabe, monga mmene anthu a m'nthawi, Mary chifukwa cha Orthodox chikhulupiriro chawo kwambiri safuna kukwatira mlendo. Pamodzi ndi alongo ake analota cha kukwatirana ndi Russian achifumu m'dziko la kwawo.

Alexandra kusakonda aakazi ku makampani aliyense yachilendo imene n'kuzitentha infantile. Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, kale akula, mungakambirane ngati mtsikana 10 wazaka. Mosatsata kulankhulana ndi achinyamata, ndi moyo wogwirizana ndi malamulo choyambirira cha bwalo, iye mavuto ena polankhula za dziko wamkulu.

Mu maphunziro a ana aakazi a Mfumu anali akadali kwambiri mbali zachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa kanthawi atsikana anapita kuyang'aniridwa ndi Ekaterine Shneyder - chtitse Alexandra Feodorovna. German ndi kubadwa kwa ana, ndi bwino ankaimira zenizeni Russian. m'maganizo mwake zochepa pabwalo zodyera. Pomaliza, makolo a Mary ndi alongo ake monga asungwana aang'ono, ngakhale pamene ali pafupi pakhomo la makumi awiri ndi. Mwachitsanzo, Alexandra panokha kufufuzidwa zonse m'buku inu kulandira mwana wake.

M'bale ndi Rasputin

Maria anali wachitatu wa ana aakazi anayi a mfumu. Mu 1904 Mfumu potsiriza mwana, Alex, amene anakhala wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu. The mnyamata anadwala amapatsira mwana wake - matenda aakulu, chifukwa cha zomwe nthawi zambiri anali m'mphepete mwa moyo ndi imfa. The matenda a Korona Prince linali banja chinsinsi. anthu ochepa kum'dziwa, kuphatikizapo Maria Nikolaevna Romanova.

2 mwana Nicholas anakonda mng'ono wake. Izi kwambiri chimatsogoleredwa ubwenzi chifukwa anali Gregory Rasputin. Siberia wamba, amene anabwera St. Petersburg, anathandiza wolowa ufumu. Iye akamasuke mavuto a mnyamatayu. The chida chachikulu cha wapaulendo chachilendo ichi chinali pemphero. zongoganiza wake zina analimbitsa chikhulupiriro an'kanthunthumira Chikhristu cha ana aakazi a mfumu. Pambuyo pa kupha wa Rasputin Mariya anali nawo pa maliro ake.

Pankhondo

Romanovsky mwambo wa zaka 14, Mary anapanga wamkulu wa 9 Dragoons Regiment Kazan. Chaka chimodzi zitachitika, Yoyamba ya Dziko lonse. Mfumu ya ku Germany Wilhelm II anali wamkulu-amalume a makolo Maria. Patsiku la kulengeza nkhondo msungwana analira mowawidwa - sankadziwa chifukwa chotsatira m'bale sangakhoze kugwirizana pakati pawo.

Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna sankadziwa chilichonse chokhudza zomwe mwazi. Events Chirasha Japanese nkhondo ndi kusintha zinachitika koyamba mu zaka pafupifupi kukomoka. Tsopano, mtsikana anali Scott mu zinthu zosiyana kwambiri aliko. Maria ndi Anastasia ntchito mu zipatala - anapanga zovala ovulala, nsalu okonzeka, etc. Ngakhale Olga ndi Tatiana chinafika pokwanira-kwathunthu anamwino, alongo awo wamng'ono anali adakali wamng'ono kwambiri kuti ... Maria ndi Anastasia anakonza mipira mu chipatala, ankaimba ndi asilikali a makadi, kuwerenga iwo. Mwana wachitatu wa Nicholas anakonda kuyamba kukambirana ndi ovulala, kuwafunsa za ana ndi mabanja. Aliyense inivoyisi kupelekedwa ndi atsikana msilikali anapereka mphatso. Nthawi zambiri izi zinali zithunzi ndi mafano. Pa nkhondo, mmodzi wa zipatala polemekeza Mary dzina lake Mariinsky.

Kuwonjezera chakuti Wilhelm kudawerengedwa kwa wachibale wake wapafupi wa ku banja lachifumu, iye Alexandra analinso German mwa kubadwa. Zimenezi kukhala pansi lopatsa mphekesera kuti mfumukazi, wolemekezeka ndi lonse Imperial Banja, mulimonse, ngati mdani. zongopeka awa anali wotchuka kwambiri makamaka ku malo a asilikali. Mu zipatala, asilikali ndi alonda mwapadera anayamba kulankhula za German Kaiser kuti zinakhudza atsikana. Maria mafunso mwachindunji za "Amalume Willie" nthawi iliyonse anayankha kuti iye sankakhulupirira kuti amalume ake ndipo sanafune kumva za izo.

February zisinthe

Mu February 1917, Mfumukazi Maria Nikolaevna Romanova anali mu Alexander Palace mu Tsarskoye Selo. Kumapeto kwa mwezi Petrograd anayamba misa zionetsero anthu amene sakusangalala ndi chosowa chakudya. March 2, zochita mowiriza zinachititsa abdication a Nicholas II kuchokera kumpando wachifumu. Mfumu pa nthawi imeneyo anali kulikulu kutsogolo. Pa njira Petrograd, pamene sitima, iye zinasaina renunciation (yekha ndi mwana wake).

Uthenga wa chisankho bambo ake Maria anaphunzira kuyamika Grand Duke Paulo, ulendo wapadera kwa Alexander Palace. nyumbayo atazunguliridwa ndi detachment wa asilikali, akadali woona lumbiro. March 8 Chiwerengero Benkendorf Paulo anati Romanov banja kuti kuyambira tsiku limene iye wakhala pansi kumangidwa nyumba. Nicholas anafika kunyumba ya mfumu mmawa wotsatira.

Tsiku lomwelo mu nyumba ya mliri wa chikuku. Iye anagwira ndipo Romanova Maria Nikolayevna. Mwana wachitatu wa mfumu anadwala pambuyo alongo awo achikulire. mkulu kwambiri malungo. Umene unayamba pa yomweyo ozizira ungamuphe kutupa m'mapapo. A masiku angapo Mfumukazi sanapeze kwa bedi, anayamba ankhandwe. Pandzidzi anawonjezera otitis. Iye kwa kanthawi wogontha mu khutu limodzi.

kumangidwa nyumba

Pambuyo achire, akale Mfumukazi Maria Nikolayevna Romanova wabwerera ku moyo nthawi zonse mpandawo mu Tsarskoye Selo. Pa dzanja limodzi, dongosolo la tsiku sizisintha - anapitiriza kuphunzira ndipo nthawi ufulu amathera pa zosangalatsa ndi banja. Koma pakhala ena lokhumudwa. Mfumukazi anakhala zinthu zambiri kukonza m'nyumba, kuphika ndi zina zotero. E. Pofuna kuchepetsa nthawi koyenda. achibale wa Romanov sakanakhoza kuzisiya Tsarskoye Selo, pafupi grids iwo anali anakumana ndi gulu la hooting. Anakhala ufulu atolankhani (makamaka lamanzere phiko nyuzipepala) mwamphamvu ataipitsidwa amasiya mfumu ndiponso banja.

Mavuto ikukula tsiku lililonse likadutsa. Tsoka winanso wa Romanovs anali bwinobwino. Kukhala Tsarskoye Selo, mamembala a mafumu anali Limbo. Pambuyo abdication a Nicholas Kerensky anafunsa kutumiza kwa Murmansk, kuchokera kumene iye anali amasamukira ndi banja lake England ndi msuweni wake George V. Provisional boma anatipatsa chilolezo ake ndipo anayamba kukambirana ndi London. Posachedwa kuyambirira pangano anachokera England. Komabe, kuchoka anali kulephereka kwa kanthawi. Izi zinachitika chifukwa cha chikuku chomwecho zonse, zimene yakuyipsa wolemekezeka, kuphatikizapo Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna. Mwana Alexandra anachira, koma April, George kale kudzipatula pempho lake. British Mfumu anasintha maganizo ake chifukwa cha zinthu wosakhazikika ndale m'dziko lawo lomwelo. Mu yamalamulo ndi Kumanzere anakweza namondwe zotsutsa motsogozedwa mfumu chifukwa cholinga chake pogona wachibale atachotsedwa. British kazembe Dzhordzh Byukenen, kuwauza Kerensky za chifuniro cha mfumu yawo, akulira. Nicholas uthenga za demarche msuweni anatenga kuyima ndi mwakachetechete.

Kunyamuka kwa Tsarskoye Selo

M'nkhani ya kuphulika antimonarchist amaganiza boma Provisional anaganiza asamutsiramo Romanovs kuchokera Petrograd ndi Moscow. Kerensky anadzionera okha anakambirana nkhaniyi ndi Nicholas ndi mkazi wake. Makamaka, zosinthika kusamukira ku Livadiju. Koma pamapeto pake, anaganiza kutumiza banja kale korona kuti Tobolsk. Pa dzanja limodzi, Kerensky analimbikitsa Nicholas koyenera kusiya Tsarskoye Selo, kufotokoza kuti pali Romanovs ali pangozi zonse. Komano, mutu wa Provisional boma akanatha Tobolsk kuti umalimbikitsa kumanzere, kulengeza kuti mfumu amasiya ndi ngozi ndi chithunzi padziko limene monarchists kwakukulu pamodzi.

Phunzitsani ndi Romanovs kumanzere Tsarskoye Selo August 2, 1917. The zikuchokera anali Red Cross mbendera. Boma wogwirizira ayesera kubisa umboni zonse za maulendo banja lachifumu. Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, ndi chithunzi chimene poyamba zonse afika mu mapepala, pamodzi ndi achibale a sanaonekenso anthu. The sitima anafika ku Tyumen pa 5 August. Romanov ndiye anakwera ngalawa ndipo icho chinafika pa Tobol kuti Tobolsk, kumene anakakhala m'nyumba ya bwanamkubwa wakale. Ndi banja anasamuka atumiki osati ochuluka - buthulo ulemu ndi aphunzitsi.

Tobolsk

Moyo wa Romanovs mu Tobolsk anali chete ndi unremarkable. Koma posakhalitsa, mitambo inayamba thicken pa banja. Mu October 1917, Mphamvu mu Petrograd ndinapita ku Bolsheviks. Mosiyana ndi Provisional boma, palibe kulolerana, iwo anakumana ndi banja lachifumu. Akuluakulu zatsopano adzaweruza Nicholas. Kuchita izi, izo anaganiza zopita kuti banja lonse Moscow kapena Petrograd. Loya pa mlanduwo anali woti akhale Leon Trotsky.

Latsopano chitetezo Romanovs mu Tobolsk ankawachitira nkhanza chimodzimodzi. Mu April 1918, akaidi (kupatula Nicholas) anatentha zolemba wake ndiponso makalata, oopa kusaka ndi kuukira. Ndidazichita ndi Romanova Mariya Nikolaevna. Wambiri mtsikana anali woti akhale osiyana kwambiri, koma mu zochitika za chisokonezo chosintha, mwana wamkazi wa mfumu sakadakhoza kuchita kanthu koma mobwerezabwereza kusiya zikumbutso lotsiriza la zaka moyo osasamala.

April 23 Commissioner Nikolay Yakovlev anati kwa cholinga chake iye pa Tobolsk. Iye anayesera kukangana koma ndiye mkaidi anali kukumbutsidwa za udindo wake wokakamiza. The Bolsheviks anali kupita kuti achotse mmodzi wa Nicholas, koma mapeto, anapita naye ndi Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova Maria Nikolayevna. Mwana wachitatu kupita msewu pambuyo mayi ake anamusankha. Ambiri mwina, Alexandra waganiza utenge Mary chifukwa chakuti pa nthawiyo anali kwambiri mphamvu za alongo anayi.

Palibe apaulendo sankadziwa kumene unatengedwa. Nicholas ankaganiza kuti Bolsheviks anali kupita kuti amutume kwa Moscow, kuti iye walemba mtendere osiyana Brest. Mwa alonda ngati panalibe umodzi. Pambuyo onse a intrigue mwa Bolsheviks kumapeto April, akaidiwo anabweretsa Yekaterinburg. Titafika ku mzinda wa pafupifupi anamuperekeza lonse banja anatumizidwa kundende ya m'deralo.

imfa

Romanov anaika mu nyumba ya zomangamanga Ipatiev. Patatha mwezi umodzi, pa May 23 acibanja anafika. Patsiku lomaliza la Romanovs akhoza ankangoona tsikulo a Nicholas. Anamutengera madera ambiri akadzakula ndi sanandisiye ngakhale pambuyo chizolowezi wakhala woopsa chabe. Madzulo Maria achibale zalowapo kumbuyo Bezique (otchuka khadi masewera) kapena kusewera lachidule kuchokera zisudzo. Pamodzi ndi bambo ake anali kuwerenga "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" Tolstoy.

Mu July oyambirira, Bolsheviks anazindikira kuti, zivute zitani ndi kupereka akuyandikira Ekaterinburg woyera. The mthunzi anali kokha nkhani ya nthawi. Mu zochitika, atsogoleri a chipani anaganiza kuti amuchotsepo banja lachifumu. Umboni wa mmene tsogolo la Romanovs, zimatsutsana, koma olemba mbiri lero ambiri anavomereza mfundo yakuti mawu lomaliza la Yesu kwa Lenin ndi Sverdlov.

Pa usiku 16 mpaka 17 July 1918 ku Ipatiev nyumba Ine ankayendetsa galimoto, amene posakhalitsa ntchito ngati trupovozku a. Romanovs ndi atumiki awo analowa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Mpaka Lachiwiri lapitali, iwo sankadziwa za zotsatira zawo. Mutu wa kumuwombera yowotcha kuwerenga lamulo oopsa, kenako anachotsedwa pa mfumu kale. Ndiyeno zina za Bolsheviks atangofika kumene ndi otsala a banja lachifumu.

Za imfa ya Romanov zinachititsa kuti mantha ambiri monarchists, olekerera, omvera akunja. Kwa zaka zambiri, boma Soviet mwasintha mfundo zokhudza kuphedwa kwa. Ambiri a moyo wake anadziwika kokha khumi zapitazi. Makamaka za Romanovs anali ndi chisoni mu ukapolo. Aliyense ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, aliyense mbiri yamoyo ndi aliyense umboni wa m'nthawi amene ankadziwa ndipo adaona wolemekezeka, linagwirizana umboni kuti anali mkazi kwambiri, woyenera ndi udindo mkulu ndi mokondera wakufayo pa akufunira a boma latsopanolo. Zotsalira za mwana wamkazi wa mfumu (ndi mchimwene wake Alexei) anali anatulukira kokha mu 2007, ngakhale onse a Romanov manda opezeka 1990s oyambirira. Mu 2015 boma linavomereza chigamulo pa reburial awo.