Trotsky Lev Davidovich: yonena, makoti

August 21 m'pamene zaka 75 kuchokera tsiku limene Leon Trotsky anaphedwa. The yonena za chosintha wotchuka uyu ndi odziwika bwino. Koma zimakhudza zochitika zotsatirazi: anakhala mdani, osati okhawo amene mpake ankaona kuti potsimikizira-boma - adani a October kuukira boma la 1917 chaka, komanso anthu amene ali naye imakonza ndi zipangizo. Komabe iye anakhala odana ndi chikominisi, ndi kosamugonjera kuunikanso zolinga chosintha (makamaka poyamba). ndi chifukwa yopuma ngati lakuthwa ndi gulu lake, lomwe zinachititsa kuti imfa yake chiyani? Tiyeni tiyese pamodzi kupeza yankho la funso limeneli. Kuyamba, ife kupereka mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro.

Leon Trotsky: A yonena mwachidule

Mwachidule, longosolani ndi kovuta, koma yesani. Anabadwa Lev Bronstein (Trotsky) November 7 (a chidwi mwangozi ya zipatso, chabwino, kodi tingatani sakhulupirira nyenyezi?) Mu 1879 ku banja la mwinimunda wachuma Myuda (kapena kani, lessee) mu Ukraine, m'mudzi waung'ono, imene tsopano mu dera Kirovograd .

Phunziro inayamba mu Odessa, pa usinkhu wa zaka 9 (onani kuti ngwazi wathu anachoka kwawo ngati mwana ndi konse kwa nthawi yaitali sanabwerere kwa iwo), anapitiriza mu 1895-1897. mu Nikolaev, woyamba mu sukulu weniweni, ndiye pa University Novorossiysk, koma kenako anasiya maphunziro ndi Inabuka ntchito chosintha.

Tsopano, zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu - woyamba mobisa bwalo la naintini - kumangidwa choyamba. zaka ziwiri m'ndende zosiyanasiyana pa remand, ukwati woyamba ndi zomwezo, pamene anamaliza Aleksandroy Sokolovskoy mwachindunji mu Butyrskaya (voti umunthu Russian akuluakulu!), Kenako ulalo mu Province Irkutsk ndi mkazi wake, ndi m'bale mu (umunthu akali kanthu). Apa Trotskiy Lev sasiya nthawi pachabe - iye ndi A. Sokolov anabadwa aakazi awiri, iye chinkhoswe utolankhani, osindikizidwa mu Irkutsk nyuzipepala, nkhani zingapo funneling kunja.

Kodi motere ndi ulendo dizzying ndi kuthawa ndi zikalata linapanga dzina la Trotsky (malinga ndi umboni wa Lva Davidovicha, linali dzina la m'modzi wa asilikari m'ndende Odessa, ndipo dzina lake anaonekera amathawathawa kotero mosangalatsa kuti akufuna kwa iye kupanga pasipoti zabodza) kwa London.

Pali ngwazi wathu anapitiriza kuti pachiyambi penipeni pa wachiwiri Party Congress (1902), lomwe munali kugawanika otchuka pakati pa Bolsheviks ndi Mensheviks. Apa iye anadziwa Lenin, anatamanda Trotsky a zolembalemba talente ndipo anayesa kulowa mu bolodi mkonzi wa "Iskra" nyuzipepala.

Pamaso pa Russian zisinthe choyamba , Trotsky Lev anatenga wosakhazikika ndale, zokhala pakati pa Bolsheviks ndi Mensheviks. Nthawiyi ndi wachiwiri wa ukwati wake ndi Nataley Sedovoy, Iye anamaliza, osati wosiyidwayo mkazi woyamba. ukwati unali wautali kwambiri, ndipo N. Sedova anali naye mpaka imfa yake.

1905 - panthawi ina modabwitsa mofulumira nyamuka ndale za ngwazi wathu. Kufika mu kuonekeratu pambuyo amagazi Sunday Petersburg, Lev Davidovich bungwe St. Petersburg Soviet ndipo anakhala kazembe woyamba tcheyamani ake, GS Nosar (alias galasi - wazamalamulo, Ukraine, mbadwa ya Poltava, amene anawomberedwa mu 1918 pa malangizo a anthu Trotsky), ndi pambuyo adzamangidwe, ndi tcheyamaniyo. Ndiye, pa mapeto a chaka - kumangidwa, mu 1906 - Khoti yoimira m'dera kumalo ozizira (m'dera la Salekhard panopa) muyaya.

Koma Trotskiy Lev sizikanakhala yekha ngati analola m'manda yekha wamoyo mu Titafika pamalo a. Pa njira kugwirizana amapanga chipulumutso kufika ndipo nokha njira kudzera theka la Russia kunja.

Pamakhala nthawi yaitali ukapolo mpaka 1917. Panthawi imeneyi, Lev Davidovich akuyamba ndi kuponyera kwambiri ntchito ndale, makope manyuzipepala ambiri, mitundu yonse ya njira ya kufunabe kufalikira kayendedwe chosintha monga mmodzi wa akuluakulu ake. Sidzitengera mbali kapena Lenin, kapena Mensheviks nthawi zonse kumasintha pakati pawo, akuyendetsa, kuyesera kugwirizanitsa feuding mapiko a demokalase chikhalidwe. Iye amasowa kuyesera kutenga malo utsogoleri mu Russian chosintha kuyenda. Koma analephera, ndipo ndi 1917 ndi pa masamba a zandale, imbaenda ku ganizo la Trotsky zochoka ku Ulaya kuyesa mwayi wake ku America.

Apa iye ali ndi chidwi kwambiri oyamba mu mabwalo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ndalama, omwe analola kuti abwere ku Russia pambuyo February utasintha, mu May 1917, N'zoonekeratu ndi matumba kanthu. Anaumba loyang'anira za Petrograd Soviet wotetezedwa iye malo cha kubadwanso kwatsopano kwa bungweli, ndi mphamvu ndalama kulikankhira atsogoleri a Council watsopano, amene motsogozedwa Trotsky amalowa yolimbirana mphamvu ndi Provisional boma.

Iye pambuyo pake (mu September 1917), limodzi ndi Bolsheviks ndipo anali munthu wachiwiri Leninist phwando. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Sokolnikov ndi Bubnov - oyambirira mamembala asanu ndi awiri a Politburo, amene anakhazikitsidwa mu 1917 kusamalira Chisinthiko cha Bolshevik. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali 20 September 1917 ndipo anali wapampando wa Petrograd Soviet. Pafupifupi onse a ntchito zothandiza pa gulu la pa October kuukira boma ndi chitetezo chilichonse mu masabata loyamba la mphamvu Soviet - ntchito Lva Trotskogo.

Mu 1917-1918. iye anatumikira utasintha, poyamba ngati Commissar Anthu Yoona za okhonda, ndipo kenako anayambitsa ndi mkulu wa Red Army mu udindo wa Commissar Anthu a usilikali ndipo Naval Affairs. Trotskiy Lev anali wofunika mu chigonjetso cha Bolsheviks mu Russian Civil Nkhondo (1918-1923 gg.). Iye anali membala wa chomwecho (1919-1926 gg.) Mwa Bureau Political wa Bolshevik Party.

Atagonjetsedwa wa Kutsutsidwa Kumanzere, zomwe zachititsa kuti kulimbana wosiyana ndi kuwuka kwa Iosifa Stalina ndi mfundo zake mu 1920s umalimbana udindo kukula kwa bureaucracy ku Soviet Union, Trotsky inachotsedwa mphamvu (October 1927), achotsedwa Party Communist (November 1927 ) ndipo anachotsedwa Soviet Union (February 1929).

Monga mutu wa Fourth International, Trotsky, mu ukapolo anapitiriza kukana bureaucracy Stalinist ku Soviet Union. Pa malamulo Stalin, iye anaphedwa mu Mexico mu August 1940, Ramon Mercader, wothandizila Soviet chiyambi Spanish.

malingaliro Trotsky ndi kupanga maziko a Trotskyism, malangizo yaikulu ya Marxist lingaliro, amene ankatsutsa chiphunzitso cha Stalinism. Iye anali mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa kanjedza Soviet andale amene si asintha khalidwe lawo pansi pa boma Nikity Hruscheva mu 1960, kapena pa "Gorbachev a" perestroika. Mu 1980s mochedwa, mabuku zake adzamasulidwa kwa buku la Soviet Union.

Only mu maphokoso Soviet Russia iye asintha khalidwe lawo ndi Leon Trotsky. yonena wake anali kufufuza ndi olembedwa ndi chiwerengero cha mbiri yakale odziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, wotchedwa Dmitry Volkogonov. Ife sitikhala mufotokozere mwatsatanetsatane, ndi kuona yekha masamba ena anasankha.

Chiyambi cha mapangidwe khalidwe ku ubwana wake (1879-1895 biennium).

Pofuna kumvetsa chiyambi cha mapangidwe umunthu wa ngwazi wathu, muyenera tione pamene Leon Trotsky anabadwa. Icho chinali Chiyukireniya akumidzi, tchire m'dera ulimi, umene uli chomwecho chete. Ndipo kodi izo Bronstein Ayuda banja: bambo, David L., amene imalengeza ku Poltava, mayi, Anna, ku Odessa, ana awo (1850-1910 biennium) (1847-1922 gg.).? Chimodzimodzi ndi bourgeois mabanja ena mu malo amenewo - udachita likulu yokumba mwankhanza wamba Chiyukireniya. Ndi nthawi ya kubadwa kwa ngwazi wathu wa osaphunzira wake (onani nokha zimenezi!) Atate wamoyo zoona, wazunguliridwa ndi alendo pa mtundu wake ndi mtima wa anthu amene kale anali ndi munda wa maekala mazana angapo a dziko ndi mphero nthunzi. Iwo ndichotse kumbuyo ambiri antchito.

Kodi zonsezi akukumbutsa wowerenga chinachake za moyo wa Obzala mpesawo, ndi Boers ku South Africa, komwe m'malomwake wa wakuda Kaffirs swarthy Ukrainians? Apa mu chikhalidwe ichi anapanga khalidwe la wamng'ono Levy Bronshteyna. No mabwenzi, anzawo kapena wosasamala anyamata magemu pranks, wina wosangalatsa bourgeois kunyumba ndi kuyang'ana pamwamba pa antchito Chiyukireniya. Ndi ku mizu ya ubwana wake kukula mphamvu ya apamwamba kuposa ena, ndilo khalidwe yaikulu ya Trotsky.

Ndipo kwa iye wothandizira woyenera kwa atate wake, koma mwamwayi, mayi wake kukhala pang'ono ophunzira mkazi (ku Odessa pambuyo pa zonse), nthawi anaona kuti mwana wake anali angathe kuposa yokumba mwachilungamo m'mbali ntchito wamba, ndipo analimbikira kuti iye anatumizidwira kuphunzira mu Odessa (moyo kunyumba kwa achibale). Pansipa mukhoza kuona mmene mwana anali Leon Trotsky (chithunzi wasonyeza).

ngwazi akuyamba kusonyeza umunthu (1888-1895 biennium).

Mu Odessa, ngwazi athu anali sukulu ina yophunzitsa luso pa kuumba kuti allocated ana Ayuda. Odessa unali wotukuka munkapezeka doko mzinda, wosiyana kwambiri ndi mmene mizinda ya ku Russia ndi Ukraine nthawi. Mafilimu siriyo Sergeya Kolosova "Gawa" (Mpofunika kuti penyani kuti aliyense chidwi ndi mbiri ya Russian utasintha), pali zochitika komwe Lenin mu 1902 ku London amakumana anathawa woyamba ukapolo wake Trotsky ndi chidwi kuganiza kuti wapanga likulu la UK. Iye ananena kuti zidindo kuposa zinabala Odessa atasamukira izo kuchokera m'derali kumidzi, ndi sangathe kuona.

Leo amaphunzira chabwino, zaka zonse mu mzere ndi kukhala wophunzira woyamba pa mpikisano. Mu Maulendo a m'nthawi iye amapezeka munthu wofuna kutchuka kwambiri, kufuna ukulu padziko chimasiyanitsa izo kwa ana asukulu anzake. Ndi akula Leo kwasanduka munthu wokongola wamng'ono, amene pamaso pa makolo olemera zitseko zonse mmoyo wanu ayenera kukhala omasuka. Monga Leon Trotsky anakhala padziko (chithunzi cha iye mu nthawi ya phunziro amaperekedwa pansipa)?

chikondi choyamba

Trotsky azikamugwirira kuphunzira pa yunivesite ya Novorossiysk. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, iye anasamutsidwa kuti Nikolayev, pamene anamaliza njira yomaliza ya sekondale. Iye anali ndi zaka 17, ndipo iye ankaganiza za ntchito iliyonse chosintha. Koma, mwatsoka, ana mwini nyumba anali Nazi, iwo asonkhanitsidwa kusekondale bwalo lake, limene umafotokoza mabuku osiyanasiyana chosintha - kuchokera populist kwa Marxist. Anthu a bwalo kunali ndi A. Sokolovskaya, posachedwapa maphunziro uzamba maphunziro ku Odessa. Monga Trotsky zaka zoposa zisanu, iye wapanga kukoma kuganiza pa iye. Pofuna moonetsera kudziwa cholinga cha zowawa zake, Leo kwambiri chinkhoswe kuphunzira ziphunzitso chosintha. Iwo wachita kuyesa kuti: kuyambira nthawi, sanali kutaya kwa ntchito.

ntchito chosintha ndi kumangidwa (1896-1900 biennium).

Zikuoneka kuti achinyamata wofuna munthu mwadzidzidzi anazindikira - chifukwa izo ziri chimodzimodzi, chinthu chomwecho chimene mungagwiritse ntchito moyo wanu kuti akhoza kubweretsa ulemu aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino. Pamodzi ndi Sokolovskaya, Trotsky Inabuka ntchito chosintha, timapepala ta kusindikiza atsogolera Social Democratic mukubwadamuka mwa antchito Nikolaev sitima, bungwe "South Russian Antchito 'Union.

Mu January chaka cha 1898, anthu opitirira 200 mgwirizano anthu, kuphatikizapo Trotsky anamangidwanso. Anakhala pafupi zaka ziwiri m'ndende kudikira kuzengedwa mlandu - yoyamba Nikolaev, ndiye mu Kherson, Odessa ndiyeno Moscow. The m'ndende Butyrka , anakumana ndi boma ena. Apo iye anamva za Lenin ndi kuwerenga buku lake "The Development wa bizinesi ku Russia" pang'onopang'ono kukhala weniweni Marxist. Patatha miyezi iwiri m'ndende (1-3 March chaka cha 1898), woyamba wa utangoyamba Congress wa Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP). Popeza Trotsky kumatanthauza lenilenilo monga chiwalo.

banja loyamba

Aleksandra Sokolovskaya (1872-1938 gg.) Kwa kanthawi asanakhale ku ukapolo m'ndende ku ndende yomweyi Butyrskaya mu Moscow, kumene iye anali pa nthawi imeneyo ndi Trotsky. Iye analemba iye kalata chikondi, kupempha kugwirizana naye. Tellingly, makolo ake ndi utsogoleli ndende anathandiza wokonda odzipereka, koma banjali anatsutsa Bronstein - zikuoneka ankaganiza kuti kulera ana awo ngati wosadalirika (m'lingaliro tsiku ndi tsiku) makolo. Mosiyana ndi atate wake ndi amake, Trotsky akadali kukwatira Sokolov. Ukwati unachitikira ansembe wachiyuda.

Woyamba Siberia ukapolo (1900-1902 biennium).

Mu 1900 iye anali m'ndende kwa zaka zinayi za ukapolo ku dera Irkutsk la Siberia. Chifukwa ukwati, Trotsky ndi mkazi wake saloledwa kusamukira ku malo amodzi. Choncho, awiri anali kupita ku mudzi wa Ayenela-Kut. Apa iwo anali ndi ana aakazi awiri: (. 1901-1933 gg) Zinaida ndi Nina (. 1902-1928 gg).

Komabe, kusunga zachilengedwe yogwira, monga Lev Davidovich, pambali pake Sokolov analephera. Anapambana kudziwika ena chifukwa zinalembedwa nkhani kutchulidwa ndi ozunzidwa ndi ludzu kanthu, Trotsky wopereka mkazi wake mukudziwa kuti iye sangakhoze kukhala kutali ndi malo zandale. Sokolovskaya meekly akuvomereza. M'chaka cha 1902 Leo akuthamanga kuchokera Siberia - woyamba pa zobisika pansi pa udzu ngolo ku Irkutsk, ndiye ndi pasipoti linapanga m'dzina Lva Trotskogo sitima ku malire a Russian Ufumu. Alexander kenako anatuluka ku Siberia ndi ana ake.

Leon Trotsky ndi Lenin

Pambuyo akuthawira Siberia, anasamukira ku London kuti agwirizane Plekhanov, Vladimir Lenin, Martov ndi akonzi ena nyuzipepala Lenin a "Iskra". Mu pseudonym a "Cholembera" Trotsky posakhalitsa anakhala wa olemba ake kutsogolera.

Kumapeto kwa 1902, Trotsky anakumana Nataley Ivanovnoy Sedovoy, amene posakhalitsa anakhala mnansi wake, ndi kuchokera 1903 mpaka imfa yake - mkazi wake. Iwo anali 2 ana: (. 1906-1938 gg) Lva Sedova ndi Sergei Sedov (March 21, 1908 - October 29, 1937), ana onse anafa pamaso pa makolo awo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, patatha chinsinsi kupondereza apolisi ndi chisokonezo mkati anatsata Congress loyamba la RSDLP mu chaka cha 1898, ndi "nthethe" anatha lachiweruzo msonkhano 2 mu London mu August 1903. Trotsky ndi zina Iskra-ists anatenga gawo mmenemo.

nthumwi Congress anagawidwa m'magulu awiri. Lenin ndi Bolsheviks wake anaitana yaing'ono, koma mwadongosolo phwando, ndipo Martov ndi anzake ndi Mensheviks adafuna kulenga zazikulu ndi zochepa kulangidwa bungwe. njira zimenezi kusiyana ndi zolinga zawo. Ngati Lenin ankafuna kuti akonze chipani cha boma akatswiri kwa kulimbana mobisa ndi autocracy, ndiye Martov ankafuna chipani cha mtundu European ndi diso njira aphungu a kulimbana ndi boma tsarist.

Pa nthawi yomweyo Lenin wapamtima anzake anapereka anadabwa. Trotsky ambiri akonzi "Sparks" anali kulimbikitsa Martov ndi Mensheviks pamene Plekhanov - Lenin ndi Bolsheviks. Pakuti Lenin, kuperekedwa Trotsky anali amphamvu ndi zosayembekezereka nkhonya zimene iye anatcha Yudasi otsiriza ndipo zikuoneka konse anamukhululukira.

Pa 1903-1904 biennium. anthu ambiri a magulu a asamukira ku tsidya lina. Choncho, Plekhanov posachedwa adagawana ndi Bolsheviks. Trotsky komanso anasiya Mensheviks mu September 1904 ndipo ngakhale akudzitcha yekha "sanali magulu chikhalidwe demokalase" mpaka 1917, kuyesera kugwirizanitsa magulu osiyanasiyana mkati chipani, ndi chifukwa kuti nawo ankalimbana ambiri ndi Lenin ndi mamembala ena otchuka RSDLP lapansi.

Kodi panokha kuti Lenin Lev Trotsky ankachitira? Quotes kwa makalata ake ndi Menshevik Chkheidze ndithu bwino zimaonetsa ubwenzi wawo. Mu March 1913, analemba kuti: "Lenin ... ndi exploiter katswiri aliyense backwardness mu gululi Russian ogwira ... The nyumba yonseyo Leninism panopa anamanga pa mabodza ndipo falsification ndi zimbalangondo chakupha kuyamba kuwola wake ..."

Nthawi ina, kulimbana mphamvu, sadzaiwala hesitations ake onsewo Inde Wamkulu wa chipanichi, woperekedwa ndi Lenin. Pansipa mukhoza kuona anali Trotskiy Lev Davidovich (chithunzi ndi Lenin).

Kukwera (1905)

Choncho, onse kuti tikudziwa za umunthu wa ngwazi wathu komabe wosyasyalika kwambiri limafotokoza. zolembalemba ndi journalistic talente yake undoubted angaimbidwenso kutchuka chowawa, posturing odzikonda (kumbukirani A. Sokolowski anachoka ku Siberia ndi ana awiri achinyamata). Komabe, pa Russian zisinthe choyamba, Trotsky mwadzidzidzi kumaonekera m'njira yatsopano - monga munthu wolimba kwambiri, ndi wogwira moyo kwambiri, amatha azinyadira ambirimbiri monga kulinganiza awo waluntha. Kufika mu May 1905 mu Povunduka chosintha St. Petersburg, nthawi yomweyo iri yofulumira pakatikati pa zinthu, amakhala membala yogwira wa Petrograd Soviet, analemba ambiri nkhani, timapepala ta, waima patsogolo pa mphamvu chosintha inasangalatsa khamu ndi malankhulidwe moto. Patapita kanthawi iye anali kazembe wapampando wa Bungwe, amagwira nawo ntchito yokonza ndi October ambiri amenye ndale. Pambuyo kuoneka Manifesto ndi tsar ya October 17, amene anthu a ufulu ndale, mwamphamvu kutsutsana, akuyitanira kupitiriza zisinthe.

Pamene gendarmes anamangidwa Hrustaleva-Nosara Landau waima pa malo ake, kukonza detachments antchito kumenyana ', mmene mphamvu ya tsogolo la chiwembu zida ndi autocracy lapansi. Koma pachiyambi cha December 1905 boma anaganiza angafalitsire Council ndi kumangidwa kwa akuluakulu wake. Mwamtheradi nkhani chodabwitsa chikuchitika pa kumangidwa pamene apolisi zimaphulika mu Petrograd Soviet M'khotimo, ndi mtsogoleri Trotsky chosowa mphamvu chifuniro chake ndi mfundo zokopa kumunyamula kutali kwa kanthawi kunja pakhomo, kulola omvera kukonzekera: kuononga ena oopsa zikalata zawo, kuti tichotse zida. Koma kumangidwa zinachitikadi, ndipo Trotsky ndi nthawi yachiwiri m'ndende Russian, nthawi ili mu St. Petersburg "Mitanda".

kuthawa wachiwiri kuchokera Siberia

Wambiri Lva Davidovicha Trotskogo muli zochitika chidwi. Koma ntchito yathu si ulaliki wake mwatsatanetsatane. Ife kuchepetsa tokha ku nkhani zochepa owala, amene bwino kwambiri kuwonetsera khalidwe la ngwazi wathu. Zikuphatikizapo mbiri, kugwirizana ndi Buku lachiwiri Trotsky ku Siberia.

nthawi ino, pambuyo chaka m'ndende (ngakhale zinthu yabwino ndithu, kuphatikizapo kupeza buku lililonse ndipo atolankhani) Lev Davidovich analamulidwa kuti ukapolo wosatha kozizira, mu Obdorsk chigawo (tsopano Salekhard). Asanachoke, iye m'manja mwa chifuniro cha yotsanzika kalata ndi mawu akuti: "Ife akusiya ndi chikhulupiriro chozama mu chigonjetso mwamsanga anthu adani ake akale. Long moyo proletariat! Long moyo mayiko sosholisimu! "

Ndizosachita kunena kuti sanakonzekere zaka akhale mu Arctic Titafika pamalo ena nyumba oipa ndi kuyembekezera chipulumutso zisinthe. Komanso, mtundu wa zisinthe mungakambirane, ngati mulibe nawo izo yekha?

Choncho, njira yokha pake anali kuthawa mwamsanga. Pamene convoy akaidi anafika ku Birch (odziwika mu Russia malo a ukapolo, komwe anakhala ndi moyo wake wonse, kale wopambana ndipo adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince Alexander Menshikov), zomwe njira ya kumpoto, Trotsky kunamizira kuukira kwa sciatica pachimake. Iye anaonetsetsa kuti anatsala ndi awiri gendarmes mu Berezovo kuchira. Kunyengedwa maso awo, iye akuthamanga kunja kwa mzinda ndi kufika kuthetsa yapafupi Khanty. Pali ena zosaneneka njira inaitanitsa ndi mphalapala pa chipale anaphimba Titafika pamalo (kanthu chikuchitika mu January 1907), pafupifupi zikwi makilomita amapita ku mapiri a Ural, limodzi ndi wochititsa-Hunt. Ndi kufika gawo European la Russia, Trotsky mosavuta mitanda izo (musaiwale kuti 1907 ndi chaka, monga izo ziri, boma womangidwa makosi, "Stolypin neckties") ndipo mu Finland, komwe anasamukira ku Ulaya.

Iwo bwinobwino kumaliza kwa iye, titero, ulendo, ngakhale mavuto Iye poyera iyemwini, anali amazipanga mkulu. Izo zikhoza mosavuta anabaya mpeni kapena stun ndi kuponyera mu chisanu ndi amaundana, ankasirira kwa yotsala ya ndalama zimene anali naye. Sizingakhale wakupha Lva Trotskogo sanatero mu 1940, koma zaka zitatu m'mbuyomo. Sizikanagwira chinachitika ngati si lowoneka adzauka pa zaka zingapo, kapena onse anatsata. Komabe, mbiri ndi tsogolo la Lev Davidovich linakana - Mwamwayi, koma tsoka akuvutika Russia, ndi dziko lake, palibe zochepa.

Mchitidwe lotsiriza la sewero la moyo

Mu August 1940, dziko inafalikira uthenga wakuti Leon Trotsky anaphedwa mu Mexico, komwe anakhalako zaka zomalizira za moyo wake. Kaya anali ndi mwambo lonse lapansi? N'zokayikitsa. Kwa pafupifupi chaka, monga anagonjetsedwa ndi Poland ndi miyezi iwiri kuchokera kugwa kwa France. Woyaka moto wa nkhondo, China ndi Indochina. Feverishly kukonzekera nkhondo USSR.

Choncho, kuwonjezera pa mbali ochepa anthu a bungwe la International Chachinayi linakhazikitsidwa ndi Trotsky ndi adani ambiri ku boma la Soviet kutsiriza ndi ambiri andale a m'dzikoli, imfa anthu ochepa ndemanga. The nyuzipepala "Pravda" kuika kudzipha zili mbiri yamoyo analemba Stalin yekha ndi wodzazidwa ndi mkwiyo pa adani aphedwe.

Kuyenera munanena kuti Trotsky anafuna kupha mobwerezabwereza. Pakati opha angathe amalembedwa ngakhale wamkulu Mexico wojambula Siqueiros amene ankachita nawo mu kuukira Villa Trotsky ku Mexico ndi gulu la chikominisi chikale ndi panokha anamasulidwa chopanda kanthu bedi Lva Davidovicha makina mfuti moto, osadziwa kuti kubisala pansi pa izo. Ndiye chipolopolo zapita.

Koma kodi anapha Lva Trotskogo? Chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri n'chakuti chida ichi sanali kupha chida - chimfine kapena gunshot, ndipo mwachizolowezi ayezi nkhwangwa, Sankhapo yaing'ono, ntchito ndi okwera pamene kukwera. Ndipo ine isungeni pa manja a NKVD wothandizila Ramon Merkador, mnyamata amene mayi ake anali ophunzira mwakhama ndi Spanish Civil nkhondo. Kukhala chipembedzo cha Communist, iye ananena kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa mabwalo Spanish mbali Trotsky, amene, ngakhale nawo nkhondo yapachiweniweni kumbali a magulu Republican, koma anakana kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi malamulo, kukhala mu Moscow. motsimikiza Izi m'manja mwana wake, amene anakhala chida chenicheni cha kuphedwa.