Savva Mamontov: yonena, moyo, ntchito zachifundo, chidwi mfundo

Zaluso Savva Ivanovich Mamontov anachokera ku banja ogulitsa. Iye anabadwa October 2, 1841 mu Siberia tawuni Yalutorovsk. Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 8, iye ndi makolo ake anasamukira ku Moscow. Atate Ivan ankasakidwa chifundo cha vinyo. Ndi mkazi wake Mariya anali ndi ana asanu, kuphatikizapo ana aakazi awiri amene anafa oyambirira. Ivan anasamukira ku Moscow Atakhala wamalonda wa munalidi gulu loyamba, nayamba mutu onse msonkho m'chigawo chuma. Zinthu wamalonda akwira pa phiri, kotero banja ankakhala mwanjira chachikulu. Mu Mamontov anali anausiya kuti Meshchanskaya Street Nyumbayi, yomwe inachitika soirees ndi mipira.

ubwana

Ngakhale Mammoth a kalasi wamalonda, malamulo m'banja anali osiyana kwambiri ndi makolo mu chikhalidwe chimenecho. Mu umoyo uno banja ali yofunika malo mabuku, zojambulajambula, zisudzo, nyimbo. Ivan ulemu ulemu kwambiri ngati mbuye English kuposa munthu wamalonda. Kumene, njira ya moyo mmene okalamba kwambiri zinthu zimene muli Savva Mamontov. Wambiri wofuna kuthandiza zikanakhala osiyana ngati osati kukoma kwa banja lake. Komanso, maphunziro a anyamata chinkhoswe namkungwi kuphunzira zilankhulo ndi makhalidwe European.

Choyamba Sawa anaphunzira ku sukulu yachibadwa. Kenako bambo akewo anasamutsa naye Institute of Civil Akatswiri Corps ku St. Petersburg. chigamulocho. wamasomphenya. Basi ndiye yomanga njanji anayamba kupanga mu Russia. Engineering ntchito ambiri akhala kwambiri wotchuka. Ambiri wophunzira Komabe, amakonda Chijeremani. Patapita zaka ziwiri, bambo ake anapita naye ku St. Petersburg chifukwa cha mliri wa fever.

achinyamata

Pa zaka 19 Savva Mamontov yonena kuti kusiyanitsa ankasinthana ambiri zosayembekezereka, analowa University Metropolitan, koma anasamutsidwira Moscow, kumene iye anasankha mphamvu ya Chilamulo. Ngakhale specialization imeneyi, chilakolako chachikulu cha mnyamatayo la zamasewero. Iye sanali kuphonya limodzi mokweza kuyamba, ndipo zimayenda mu Moscow anzeru. Ndi Mamontov ngakhale ndinayang'ana chabe amnestied ndi Decembrists.

Ivan anapitiriza bwinobwino bizinesi. Iye anali ndi ana angapo, koma iwo alibe ntchito. Ziyembekezo anali zikumangidwa bambo ake Sava. Mu 1862 anatumiza mwana wake Baku, kumene iye anali kupita zochitika malonda wa mgwirizano wa Transcaspian. Patapita miyezi ingapo Savva Mamontov, amene yonena wapanga yokhotakhota lina, iye anali mtsogoleri wa chapakati Moscow ofesi ya gulu.

Mu 1864, wamalonda anapita ku Italy. Choyamba, iye ankafuna kuchita ndi thanzi lawo, ndipo kachiwiri, adzayang'ana pa malonda silika. Chifukwa chaichi asankhidwa kale Lombardy. Iwo kalekale wotchuka chifukwa makampani ake silika kuluka ndipo sericulture. Mu Milan, Savva Ivanovich Mamontov anakumana ndi m'dera lodziwika bwino zisudzo "La Scala" kumene kuika bwino dziko opera. Wamalonda lalikulu chidwi cha mtundu umenewu muli, anayamba maphunziro a zofufuzafufuza kuimba.

moyo

Young Savva Mamontov, wina moyo zachitika bwino kwambiri, anakumana mkazi wake Elizabeti Sapozhnikova paulendo wake woyamba wa ku Italy. bambo a mtsikanayo anali wamalonda wotchuka za silika, chifukwa ukwati chimalimbikitsidwa yekha Sava udindo kwambiri zokhudza banja lake.

Ivan Elizabeth kwambiri, ndipo ndi chimwemwe chachikulu ovomerezeka kusankha mwana wake. Pambuyo mwambo chikondwerero awiri anapita Italy kachiwiri - nthawi imeneyi kokasangalala. mkazi Savva Mamontov anambalira mwamuna wake ndi ana asanu. mwana wawo chikhulupiriro ankafotokozedwa zojambulajambula Valentin Serov ndi chithunzi wake wotchuka "Bakuman ndi mapichesi".

Tycoon wolowa

Atate savvy Ivan Fedorovich anamwalira mu 1869, kenako bizinesi ya banja lawo anadutsa mwana wake. Wolowa anathandiza athandizi kholo. Ndi iwo achinyamata wazamalonda osati apulumuka, komanso kuchulukitsa cholowa cha makolo. Choncho mu 1872, pa mutu wa Society wa Moscow-Yaroslavl sitima muli ndi wotsogolera watsopano - Savva Mamontov. Wambiri wamalonda wakhala anagwirizana ndi zosiyanasiyana m'madera malonda. Imodzi ndi sitima imene iye anali ofesi malonda, zomwe zinkabweretsa zomangira. Mamontov pang'onopang'ono ndikuzolowera kutsogolera ndi mphamvu ya moyo chikhalidwe.

Banja chisa Savva anali malo Abramtsevo, anagula kwa wolemba Sergei Aksakov. Mkazi wake anamva kuti ana awo akukula bwino m'dziko kuchoka kuvutanganitsidwa ndi zinthu zosafunikira. Nthawi zonse kusiyana ndi chikondi poonerera zochita za magnate anachita Abramtzevo Manor wolemera ndiponso sukulu lomwe, mpingo, greenhouses, minda, chipatala, mlatho ndi damu pa Mbala Mtsinje.

Bono

Ngakhale ntchito zachuma, wamalonda anapitiriza kukhala ndi zaluso. Iye ankadziwa magulu onse akuluakulu a luntha national nthawi yake. Mu Abramtsevo nkomwe bwalo aluso, bungwe yekha anali Savva Mamontov. Chidwi zokhudza moyo ozindikira ndipo woyang'anira iye pamodzi ndi uthenga wa wotuluka lina lalikulu ndi mabizinesi. Mamontov anapeza kutchuka lonse pambuyo anamaliza kumanga zofunika kwa njanji chuma mu Donetsk khala beseni. Kulumikizana zinamangidwa mu 1882. Patatha zaka eyiti Savva adaugulitsa boma kuti mwayi wina.

chofooka Mamontov nacho kwa ojambula. Iye anali abwenzi ndi Apollinary Vasnetsov, Isaakom Levitanom, Vasiliem Surikovym, Valentin Serov ndi amisiri ena. Wamalonda anali wachibale wa woyambitsa wa akuluakulu Moscow zomera Pavel Tretyakov.

Art woyang'anira

woyang'anira Savva Mamontov thandizo ojambula zithunzi wamakhalidwe komanso ndalama, ngati n'koyenera. Iye anali godfather matalente achinyamata ambiri. Amisiri miyezi anakhala kumene mu nyumba yake. Chifukwa Savva Ivanovich anakonzeka nyenyezi wake mapazi monga Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Korovin ndi Serov. Ena mwa zojambula amene amakhala anazindikira zapamwamba ndiye, anali utoto munda Mamontov. Ngakhale wamalonda sanali chinkhoswe mwachindunji mu kusonkhanitsa zojambula anakhazikika pamodzi ndi zikamera wa atsopano ku zojambulajambula.

Bono Savva inandithandiza wamng'ono ojambula zithunzi-Wanderers. Mu 1880, kufalitsa waukulu wa Album linatulutsidwa zida ogulitsa. Mamontov monga gulu luso zisudzo mu Moscow. Pamodzi ndi noblewoman Maria Tenisheva iye ndalama wotchuka magazini "World wa Art".

Kumulakalaka nyimbo ndi zisudzo

kupenta sanali chidwi chokha cha wamalonda uja. Music - ichi ndi luso lina lomwe kudwala Savva Mamontov. Zosangalatsa za zokonda zake zimadziwika bwino recital zonse ntchito anakonza m'nyumba yake. Apa adawomba ntchito ndi Schumann, Beethoven, Mozart, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky ndi Oimba ena otchuka. Osati kugoletsa maphunziro amapilira Mamontov nthawi zina analankhula alendo. Iye ali ankachitika kunyumba zisudzo. Mu kuimba kwa iye ankasewera wamng'ono Konstantin Alexeev, amene anadzakhala otchuka wotsogolera zisudzo Stanislavsky.

Mu 1882, troupes payekha zinalembetsa mwalamulo kuloledwa Russia. Mmodzi wa anthu amene nthawi yomweyo anagwiritsa ntchito mpata latsopano anakhala Savva Mamontov. Abramtsevo sanali kokha malo kwa ojambula. Wopatsa chidwi zisudzo ndi wadabva mumanyozera maganizo a anthu Russian kuti mtundu uwu wa luso, ndinaganiza kukonza chuma opera. Analota ntchito wathunthu pa siteji, chimene chingalowe pogwirizanitsa ntchito oimba, ojambula zithunzi, oimba ndi zisudzo. Palibe monga chuma zoweta sizinathe kuwasiyanitsa.

Kusankha wa gululo watsopano Savva Mamontov anathandiza wochititsa Nikolai Krotkov. The okonza kuti alowe ojambula zithunzi wamng'ono, osati okamba pa State Theatre. Mamontov yekha polenga zisudzo sanalekerere udindo wina uliwonse, koma ankafika mokhazikika rehearsals ndipo anayankhula ndi zisudzo ndi.

kampani mwini

Kumayambiriro a 1885 mu chipinda wokwatibwa ndi Lianozovo zisudzo anali ntchito choyamba Mamontov "Mermaid" gululo kuvala ntchito mwa analemba Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo. Zokongoletsa zinalengedwa kwa iye Isaakom Levitanom ndi Apollinary Vasnetsov. Kenako, ntchito pa chuma ena ( "Faust" ndi "panyengo Akazi a Windsor"). Palibe kukayika kuti "ana kulenga" Savva Mamontov anakhala munthu woyamba Russian zisudzo ojambula zithunzi. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, aluso kwambiri samenya chilengedwe cha chuma, kuganizira nzeru msinkhu wawo luso. Panali kagawo kakang'ono illustrators zosonyeza chomwecho sewero la maziko zokongola: mabwinja wakale, nyumba zakale chikhalidwe Italy. Company "Railway King" anasintha dongosolo anakhazikitsa.

Pakuti ndithu nthawi yaitali, opera experimental Mamontov sanali bwino ndi omvera. Anakhudzidwa ndi kusowa nkhani ya mnyamata zisudzo "untried". Wazamalonda Koma bwino tiyeni pansi zida, ngakhale ndemanga caustic mu atolankhani ndi Kutsutsa abwenzi amene ankakhulupirira kuti magnate lalikulu sayenera kuchita zopanda pakezo. Woyamba ncthito ulendo wa zisudzo anatenga malo okhawo chaka cha 1898 pamene kampani chinapeza Mamontovskaya St. Petersburg.

Kuwonjezera zipilala izi Sergiev Posad ndi Yaroslavl, wapadera chipilala Savva Mamontov - aluso, anapanga wotchuka ndi kuonera sewero lake. Zikuphatikizapo nyenyezi Chaliapin powonekera analemba Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov ndi Mussorgsky.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Zothandizira mipingo yawo Mamontov sunali luso chimodzi chokha. Kwa nthawi yaitali iye anali tcheyamani mu Delvigovskom sitima sukulu mu Moscow. Savva ndalama kumanga masukulu, kuphatikizapo m'madera a kumpoto. Iwo anakhazikitsa Kostroma koleji mafakitale. Mu St. Petersburg, bungwe tycoon kope chimasiyanitsa maganizo kaŵirikaŵiri nyuzipepala "Russian." Izo zinali kutsekedwa mu 1902, pambuyo anaonekera skit akuseka banja lachifumu.

Chikondi chidwi kumpoto kwa Mammoth anabwera ndi yomanga njanji kuti Arkhangelsk. Ntchito amakhala ndi kapangidwe kake makamaka ndi mavuto. Kuyambira pachiyambi, iye sanalonjeze zasungidwa mwamsanga ndipo kuwoneka. Savva ananyamula yomanga kokha chifukwa choti antchito boma ndi kuzindikira zimene malire atsopano adzakhala imathandizira pa vuto la zachuma a kumpoto.

Msewu wopita Arkhangelsk inatha mu 1897. Zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa onse m'chigawo cha kumpoto, ndi dziko lonse. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zinthu zake, Savva sanafune kuzindikira pagulu. Iye sanali kuyang'ana tithe ndi mphoto, mulibe maulalo ndi mphamvu kuti akhale. Komabe, tycoon anali mkulu-ena, komanso ogula. Mmodzi wa iwo Nduna ya Finance Sergei Witte. Pambuyo pomanga sitima ku Arkhangelsk wapanga mkulu awarding Mammoth Order wa St. Vladimir wa pamlingo wachinayi.

Bankirapuse ndi zaka lomaliza

Mu 1890 Savva Morozov ananyamula entrepreneurial wake waukulu ntchito. Anali kuchita kulengedwa mayanjano zoyendera ndi mabizinezi mafakitale. Pakuti tycoon izi anagula ena chakale ndi zomera udzafunidwa moyo wamakono. Kukonza mtengo wa ndalama ndithu. Savva Mamontov banja kenako ndalama zambiri. Mu chaka cha 1898, kupeza okha ndi vuto, wazamalonda anaganiza ndikupeleka yowopsa chuma ndi magawo a Yaroslavl njanji. Chifukwa cha kugulitsa masheya Mamontov kenako zinatha.

Kuyesa kuthawa kusauka, wofuna kuthandiza analandira boma chilolezo kuti amange njanji ku St. Petersburg kuti Vyatka. Komabe, izi zokha kukula zinthu. Mu 1899, pa Mammoth ndalama zinamuthera, sangakwanitse kupereka angongole angapo. Komanso, boma ukufanizidwa ndi Unduna wa Zachuma anasankha munthu kafukufuku, njira.

nkhaniyi anapita ku khothi. Savva kwa miyezi ingapo ananditumiza ku ndende, iye anali asalandidwe malo. Wabizinesi mlandu wa kuba. Pa mayesero, anali kufotokoza woimira chapadera cha kulimbikitsa dziko Fedor Plevako. Mamontov mlanduwo, iye anamasulidwa mu chimwemwe cha anthu. Komabe, palibe likulu kale kumanzere. Moyo bwino Savva akupatsa moyo pagulu. Pamapeto pa mlanduwo, anasamukira ku nyumba ina yaing'ono kufupi ndi Butyrskaya Chipata. Mamontov Zikuvumbulutsidwa yekha ndi yaing'ono bwalo la anzanga, amene anali odziwika bwino m'dziko ojambula zithunzi ndi zisudzo. Maecenas anafa April 6, 1918 pa msinkhu wa zaka 76. Iye anaikidwa mu mudzi wa Abramtsevo.