Kubwera kwa kulemba alifabeti ku Foinike (Age)

Izi chitukuko wakale tsopano pafupifupi aiwala, chifukwa dziko yochepa kwambiri kuti mayendedwe awo. M'malomwake, kopambana zinasintha kalekale, anatsimikiza chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi sayansi kwa zaka zingapo kubwera. Kubwera kwa kulemba alifabeti ku Foinike imatengedwa kupambana akuluakulu a ang'ono, koma wamphamvu kwambiri mu nthawi yake mphamvu apanyanja. Koma zinthu oyamba.

malo Map

Pamene ambiri adziwe kuonekera kulemba alifabeti ku Foinike. Koma apa ndi pamene dziko lino sadziwa chilichonse. Ancient chitukuko wotanganidwa Mzere kakang'ono ka dziko pamodzi nyanjayi kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean. dziko lake anali asakhalenso otsala a mapiri Lebanon, lomwe pafupifupi abwera pafupi ndi madzi. Ngati Tikayerekeza boma Foinike ndi mitundu ina ya dziko wakale - Mesopotamia, Aigupto, Perisiya, Greece ndi Rome, zikuoneka kuti midget weniweni. Koma anthu ake anapita ku madoko onse m'chigawo Mediterranean. zombo ake kunyamulidwa ndi chofunika zofunika ndi amalonda okha anamenyedwa kulandira mu nyumba zachifumu zambiri. Izo sizinali zosayembekezereka mwachisawawa makalata Foinike. Pambuyo mlandu zofunika dongosolo kothandiza ndiponso yosavuta.

Foinike - ndani?

Lero amadziwika kuti anatulukira kulemba alifabeti ku Foinike. Zinaoneka - bwino kuphunzira funso. Koma pano amene anali anthu a m'chigawo cha nyanja - azambiriyakale sindikudziwa. makolo awo amakhala m'mayiko amenewa mwamsanga lachitatu Zakachikwi BC. Komabe, boma ngati iwo sanali, panali mizinda ina kumene moyo uli pachimake. Iwo ankadzitcha dzina lake ndi kuthetsa (tiriytsy, Asidoni), ndiponso ananena kuti pakhomo pawo ndi dziko la Kanani. chilankhulo Ayuda, pafupi ndi Arabic ano, chakale ya Asuri Akkadians, Aigupto, anali mayi awo.

Malinga ndi olemba ambiri akale, panali ku Foinike a zilumba mu Gulf. kumudzi kwawo, mwina anasiya kumapeto kwa wachinayi Zakachikwi BC. Ndi nthawi ino, akatswiri kunyamula kuda woyamba wa chitukuko awo pa gombe Mediterranean.

dzina dziko

kulemba alifabeti anaonekera Foinike mu zaka zoyambilira, pa chiyambi cha chitukuko anthu. Ndi zilembo awo, omwe Munali makalata makumi awiri okha, anakhala zinachitika kulemba machitidwe a dziko wakale. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pali Mabaibulo angapo za chiyambi cha dzina la boma. The choyamba - ambiri, ananena kuti Foinike latembenuzidwa kuchokera Greek momwe "Dziko wofiirira." Iwo anali pano ncho osowa utoto mtengo nsalu. Koma dzina la angamasuliridwe monga "Dziko la Phoenix" cholengedwa lowoneka amene amatha adzabadwanso ku phulusa. Phoenix anaonekera kum'mawa, kumene ankakhala ku Foinike. Baibulo lachitatu - kwambiri Nkosatheka. Malinga ndi iye, dzina boma anachokera ku mawu a Aigupto otanthauza kum'manga zombo.

Monga Afoinike ankakhala

Kalembedwe ku Foinike anaonekera mu chakhumi ndi chisanu-chakhumi ndi chitatu m'ma BC. Ndipo mpaka nthawi imeneyo, anthu ankakhala chonde ndi Nthaka. Ngakhale kuti ndinali wamng'ono, n'zotheka kukula nkhuyu, maolivi, mphesa, ng'ombe kuswana ndi nkhosa. Panalibe kuti chongopeka yothiriridwa dothi, chifukwa mvula kwambiri madzi. Nyanja idapereka nsomba ndi zamoyo zina za m'madzi. N'zosadabwitsa pakati pa III Zakachikwi BC. e. m'mudzi wina waung'ono inakula mwa mzinda. Yaikulu ya iwo anali Byblos, Arwad, Turo Ugarit, Sidoni, Lagish. Pafupifupi onsewo anali atazunguliridwa ndi mipanda yolimba, ndipo m'chigawo chapakati ndi kachisi, ndi oweruza a nyumba. Wamba Foinike ankakhala kwake ochepa dongo kapena njerwa. M'misewu iwo asintha khalidwe lawo ndi ngalande.

Kalembedwe ku Foinike (13-15 m'ma BC. E.) Adadza zambiri mtsogolo. Ngakhale anthu okhala m'tauni ndinamverera kuchepa kwa malo. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo woyamba anatsanulira damu yokumba, akupereka chilumba, anamanga nyumba Mipikisano storey. kwambiri ndi Carthage inamangidwa - wotchuka kwambiri ndi njuchi waukulu umene anakwanitsa kwa nthawi yaitali kupikisana ndi Rome yokha. Makoma utoto ndi dongosolo zikuluzikulu akalumikidzidwa zojambula ndi maliboni a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iwo anali yodziwika ndi pamaso pa kulowera yaitali ndi khonde. Ya katundu wa m'nyumba ku Foinike anali magome otsika ndi mipando, zifuwa lalikulu, mabedi mosabisa.

amalonda kunja

Kubwera kwa kulemba alifabeti mu amalonda Foinike chifukwa malonda mosangalatsa ndi dziko. Koma anali nzika ya gombe kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean? City ofufuza za m'nyanja anali olemera kwambiri, akatswiri anapeza kwambiri umboni wa ichi. Gwero la chuma Foinike anali malonda: njira ya Asia kum'mwera, ndi kumpoto ndi kumwera adasonkhana lino. Zipatso za nthaka anali atachoka zokwanira zogulira chakudya, koma nkhuni linali lofala. Koma nkhaniyi wakhala wotchuka kwambiri mu chipululu cha Iguputo. Byblos aperekedwe ku msika mkungudza, thundu ndipo paini, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito shipbuilding. Kuchokera wapatali matabwa chopangidwa mabokosi kwa otchuka Aiguputo ndi Farao.

Anagulitsa vinyo, mafuta, ndipo, ndithudi, chibakuwacho nsalu. Mitundu makamaka a mollusks yotengedwa utoto kuti akuda mapeyala nsalu nsalu mu wolemekezeka wofiirira hue. nsalu izi zingapereke anthu okha olemera kwambiri. kupanga anali chachikulu chimene sikokwanira kwanuko opangidwa nsalu. Choncho, amalonda anabweretsa katundu wotchipa (unpainted) mu Foinike, ndipo pano izo kale mutengeko ndi kusintha. Komanso mankhwala anamuuza osema m'dera la siliva, mkuwa ndi galasi. Ndipo anachititsa malonda mkhalapakati pakati kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo.

zakale: mabaibulo anayambira

Choncho, kalembedwe ku Foinike. Zinaoneka, takambirana kale. Koma asayansi amavomereza kuti amanena kuti panali zilembo zambiri zakale, zimene watumikira monga maziko ku Foinike. Kuzitcha izo West ndi Ayuda kapena protosinayskim, koma pakali pano, dongosolo sichinayambe kuwerenga.

The zolemba koyamba ndi kulemba dongosolo Foinike, zinamuchitikira chakhumi ndi chitatu m'ma BC, patangotsala chiyambi cha Trojan nkhondo. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira ofufuza, ndi anthu a ku Foinike, analemba thematic zosiyanasiyana za sayansi, ndipo iwo zikugwira nzeru, mabuku ndi mbiri. Mwatsoka, ambiri ntchito zawo atayika, ndi anapulumuka yekha mbali yaing'ono ndi zolemba mu mbiri ya olemba wakale.

Palinso maganizo kuti kalembedwe ku Foinike (pafupifupi tsiku isanayambike) lachokera ku hieroglyphs Iguputo. Iwo akhoza kubweretsa ku Kanani Ayuda atamasulidwa ku ukapolo m'dziko la Farao. Mwina iwo anali gawo la anthu amene sanali mkaidi, ndipo anakhalabe kunyumba. Amene amadziwa?

dongosolo Features

Monga tanena kuoneka kulemba alifabeti ku Foinike chifukwa cha zofuna za anthu. Tsopano tinena za dongosolo komanso zochititsa. Afoinike ntchito mfundo za consonant umene wolembedwa pa pepala makonsonati okha. Zilembo sizilembedwa, ndipo ganizirani owerenga, kusiya yonse. Written kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja.

Mu chitukuko, zolemba za ku Foinike wakale zapita magawo atatu a chitukuko:

• Origin kapena Foinike unakhalapo kuyambira chiyambi cha zilembo (theka lachiwiri la yachiwiri Zakachikwi BC) kuti agonjetse dziko Aleksandrom Makedonskim.
• Puniysky nthawi akuyamba ku nthawi m'munsi Carthage (9. BC. Oe) komanso limatha ndi kuwonongedwa ndi Aroma.
• Novopuniysky, chimene chinafika mpaka zana lachisanu AD.

Zilembo pang'onopang'ono kusuntha kwa chizindikiro kwa kalembedwe ka epigraphic. Pa nthawi yomweyo kalata lengthened ndi mwapang'ono, kutenga mawonekedwe komaliza.

Zikayenda wa ku Foinike

Kubwera kwa kulemba alifabeti ku Foinike - si zomwe onse am'deralo. Gululi choona chotsimikiziridwa kuti anali amalinyero ku boma woyamba anamaliza Africa. Kusambira watenga zaka zoposa zitatu. apaulendo woyamba adadza ku Nyanja Yofiira, analambalala Black M'dziko ndipo anapita Gibraltar. Ndipo iwo anakhazikitsa malonda pakati East ndi West, maziko a luso m'madzi. Ndipo kwambiri nthawi.