Nkhondo lalikulu la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (akasinja, etc.)

Kufikira tsopano, mbiri yakale kukanganira za malo omwewo inali yaikulu thanki nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Si chinsinsi kuti nkhani m'mayiko ambiri pansi tikamangoganizira andale. Choncho si zachilendo kuti ena zochitika amawayamikira, koma ena kukhalabe anachepetsa kapena mwinanso kuziiwala. Motero, malingana ndi mbiriyakale ya USSR, lalikulu thanki nkhondo ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse zinachitika mu Prokhorovka. Iwo anali gawo la nkhondo, umene unachitika pa Kursk. Koma ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti chochititsa chidwi kwambiri nkhondo pakati pa awiriwa chikumenyana mbali magalimoto oti muli nazo zida zinachitika zaka ziwiri kale pakati pa mizinda itatu - Brody, Lutsk ndi Dubno. Mderali ife adasonkhana mdani awiri oti muli nazo zida sitima, analipo okwana 4.5 zikwi. Cars.

tsiku lachiwiri counterattack ndi

Izi yaikulu thanki nkhondo ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse zinachitika pa June 23 - masiku awiri pambuyo nkhondo ya German ankhondowo lopondereza pa nthaka Soviet. Zinali ndiye kuti makina Corps wa Red Army, amene anapanga mbali ya Kiev usilikali District, anatha kupulumutsa woyamba wamphamvu counterattack ndi mdani mofulumira patsogolo. Mwa njira, opaleshoni analimbikira GK Zhukov.

Dongosolo la lamulo Soviet mu malo oyamba ndi kutsatira manyazi kwambiri kwa flanks wa 1 Panzer gulu la Germany, wofunitsitsa kuti Kiev kuti yozungulira poyamba, ndiyeno amuphe. Ine ndikuyembekeza kugonjetsa mdani anapatsidwa chakuti mu m'dera limeneli, Red Army anali ndi mwayi olimba akasinja. Komanso, Kiev chigawo asilikali nkhondo isanayambe anali mmodzi wa wamphamvu, choncho akapatsidwa waukulu ntchito yoimba kubwezera ngati kuukira kwa Nazi Germany. Ndi apa mu malo oyamba komanso anali onse zida za nkhondo, ndi lalikulu zedi, ndi mlingo wa maphunziro a anthu ogwira anali apamwamba.

Monga nkhondo isanayambe, analipo 3.695 akasinja, pamene mbali German akubwera eyiti okha zana magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndi kudzikonda injini zida zankhondo. Komabe, dongosolo looneka wangwiro analephera momvetsa chisoni. Totupa, mopupuluma ndi osakonzekera bwino zochita zinachititsa waukulu thanki nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, kumene Red Army anagonja chake choyamba ndi lalikulu.

atasemphana zida

Pamene Soviet magulu makina, potsiriza kutsogolo, nthawi yomweyo anapita mu kuchitapo. Izo ziyenera kuti chiphunzitso cha nkhondo mpaka cha m'ma otsiriza, nkhondo zimenezi saloledwa, monga galimoto oti muli nazo zida ankatengedwa monga chida chachikulu kuswa chitetezo cha mdani.

"Akasinja ndi akasinja sali pa nkhondo" - chinali chiphunzitso cha mfundo imeneyi, wamba onse Soviet ndi magulu ena onse a dziko lapansi. Kulimbana ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida udaikidwa antitank zida zankhondo kapena bwino molimba oyenda. Choncho zikuchitika m'dera la Brody - Lutsk - Dubno kwathunthu anaswa mfundo zonse ongolankhula wa zomangamanga asilikali. Ndi apa, woyamba waukulu thanki nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, imene Soviet ndi German makina mayunitsi anagwirizana ndi mnzake mu mutu pa kuukira.

Chifukwa choyamba cha kugonjetsedwa ndi

The Red Army walephera nkhondo, ndipo iyo inali zifukwa ziwiri. The oyamba - chosowa kulankhulana. The Germany ndinu ololera kwambiri ndi mwachangu ntchito. Ndi ulemu, iwo amayang'anira khama la manja. Mosiyana ndi mdani wa, lamulo Soviet kulamulira zochita mayunitsi awo thanki zoipa. Choncho, kuti agwirizane nkhondo anafunika kuchita pa chiopsezo chawo, komanso popanda thandizo lililonse.

Asilikali ankayenera kuwathandiza polimbana ndi odana ndi thanki zida zankhondo ndi oyenda mayunitsi m'malo, anakakamizika kuthamanga kwa magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, monga musakhale ndi makina patsogolo kwambiri. Chosowa chonse co-Kudzozedwa anatsogolera chakuti thupi limodzi anayamba kuukira, ndi zina - asamukira kutali udindo wawo ndipo anayamba tipezenso mphamvu pa nthawi ino.

Chifukwa chachiwiri kulephera

Chinthu chotsatira mu kugonjetsedwa kwa Soviet makina Corps pansi Dubno simuli okonzeka kuti thanki nkhondo yokha. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha mfundo za chisanadze nkhondo "ndi akasinja akasinja musamenyane." Komanso, Corps makina anali n'zochititsatu chifukwa ambiri a oti muli nazo zida oyenda thandizo, anamasulidwa mu 1930s oyambirira.

Yaikulu thanki nkhondo ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse pambali Soviet anatayika chifukwa chikhalidwe cha magalimoto Soviet asilikali. chakuti akasinja kuwala lopangidwa ndi Red Army, anali chipolopolo kapena Ballistic Zida. Iwo zazikulu anawazunza kwambiri kumbuyo mizere mdani, koma iwo anali osayenerana kwathunthu kuswa chitetezo. Nazi lamulo watenga nkhani zonse zabwino ndi zofooka zida zawo, kuti kutengapo maganizo ndipo anatha kulimbana m'njira kwa cabe ubwino onse akasinja Soviet.

Dziwani kuti nkhondoyi ntchito mwangwiro ndi German munda zida zankhondo. Monga ulamuliro, ambiri T-34 KV katundu sizinali zoopsya, koma kuwala akasinja ankaimira kuopseza wachivundi. Pakuti awonongedwe Soviet luso Germany ntchito nkhondoyi, 88 mm odana ndege mfuti zimene nthawi zina ngakhale kupyoza zida zatsopano zitsanzo za T-34. Koma akasinja kuwala, kenako kuchokera kulowa zipolopolo awo, iwo osati anaima, komanso "pang'ono kuwonongedwa".

Zolephera lamulo Soviet

Red Army oti muli nazo zida magalimoto anapita kunkhondo pansi Dubno kwathunthu amaliseche mpweya, kotero ndege German anali akadali pa ulendo kuwonongedwa kwa theka la mizati ya makina. Ambiri akasinja anali ofooka zida, izo atagonjetsa ngakhale atembenuze zipolopolo kwa mfuti katundu makina. Komanso, panalibe wailesi, ndi Red Army oyeretsa thanki anakakamizika kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi mmene zinthu zilili pa nzeru zake. Koma, ngakhale onse, iwo anapita kunkhondo, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale apambane.

Mu masiku awiri oyamba kunali kosatheka kulosera pasadakhale amene apambane ndi lalikulu thanki nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Choyamba, mamba nthawi fluctuated: bwino anali mmodzi, ndiye mbali inayo. Pa tsiku 4 wa oyeretsa Soviet thanki atha kukwaniritsa patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo mdani m'madera ena nathawitsidwa ndi 25 kapena 35 Km. Koma pofika kumapeto kwa tsiku June 27, kuyambira zimakhudzanso kuchepa kwa oyenda popanda zida zimene sakanatha ntchito kwathunthu m'munda, ndi chifukwa, mbali zapamwamba wa Soviet makina Corps anali pafupi atawonongedwa. Komanso, mayunitsi ambiri anali atazunguliridwa ndi anakakamizika kudziteteza. Iwo analibe mafuta okwanira, yolimbanirana ndi zida zosinthira. mathanki zambiri kuthawa, mbasiya njira pafupifupi liziyenda bwino chifukwa chakuti iwo analibe nthawi kapena mwayi kuti tikonze ndi kutenga kunyumba kwawo.

Kugonjetsedwa, kubweretsa chigonjetso

Masiku ano, pali maganizo kuti ngati boma la Soviet Union anapitiriza kudziikira kumbuyo, izo zikanakhoza sachedwa nagonjetsa German ndipo ngakhale ndibwerere mdani. Ndi lalikulu, izo zangokhala zongopeka. Chonde kudziwa kuti asilikali a Wehrmacht pa nthawi anamenya bwino kwambiri, pambali pake, iwo mwakhama mogwirizana ndi nthambi zina za usilikali. Koma ndi yaikulu thanki nkhondo Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo Komabe ankagwira ntchito zabwino. Chinang'amba pasadakhale mofulumira asilikali Nazi kukhonda lamulo Wehrmacht kulowa mayunitsi malo awo anafuna kuukira Moscow, ndipo izi akusokoneza dongosolo yaikulu Hitler "Barbarossa". Ngakhale kuti pali anali kwambiri kumenyana olemera ndi wamagazi, nkhondo ya Dubno akadali pafupi ndi chigonjetso.

Smolensk nkhondo

Malinga ndi mabuku a mbiri yakale, nkhondo yaikulu ya Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kunachitika mu miyezi loyamba pamene nkhondo ya Nazi adani. Izo ziyenera ananena kuti Smolensk nkhondo - si nkhondo limodzi, ndipo kwenikweni zikuluzikulu kumbuyo-amanyansidwa wa Red Army ndi ankhondowo lopondereza, umene unatha miyezi 2 ndi zinachitika mu nyengo kuchokera 10 July 10 September. zolinga zikuluzikulu anali kusiya osachepera kwa kanthawi, yojambula la asilikali mdani kwa likulu kuthandiza Likulu kukhala mosamala akonzekeretse asilikali a Moscow, chotero kupewa adani a mzinda.

Ngakhale kuti dziko la Germany anali onse ophunzira chipitirire ndi luso ukulu, asilikali Soviet atha kugwira nawo pafupi Smolensk. Pa mtengo zomvetsa yaikulu ya Red Army anaimitsa pasadakhale mofulumira mdani kumtunda.

Nkhondo Kyiv

Nkhondo lalikulu la Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, monga ndi kumenyera likulu Chiyukireniya akhala okhalitsa. Choncho, kuzinga ndi chitetezo wa Kiev zinachitika kuyambira July kuti September 1941, Hitler, audindo awo pafupi Smolensk, ndi kukhulupirira mwa zotsatira zabwino za ntchito imeneyi, kusamutsa ena a asilikali ake n'kulowera wa Kiev, posachedwapa kulanda Ukraine, ndiyeno - Leningrad ndi Moscow .

Kutumiza Kiev anakhala nkhonya wolemetsa dziko, monga watengedwa osati mzinda koma dziko lonse, ndi wa nkhokwe njira ya malasha ndi chakudya. Komanso, Red Army anataya katundu ndithu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, aphedwa kapena analandidwa 700 zikwi. Man. Monga mukuonera, nkhondo yaikulu ya Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, umene unachitika mu 1941, anamaliza ndi kulephera kofuula madongosolo Soviet mkulu lamulo ndi imfa ya m'magawo akuluakulu. atsogoleri Zolakwa ndalama kwambiri dziko, kuti nthawi yochepa chonchi, wataya masauzande nzika.

Poteteza Moscow

Chotero nkhondo yaikulu ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ngati Smolensk nkhondo inali chabe zochangamutsa kwa mphamvu ntchito, amene ankafuna kuti akagwire likulu la Soviet Union ndipo motero kuti Red Army kuti capitulate. Ndipo, tisaiwale kuti iwo anali pafupi kwambiri zolinga zawo. Asilikali a Hitler anakwanitsa kulera bwino pafupifupi kudza pafupi ndi likulu - kale anali mu 20-30 Km from mzinda.

IV Stalin ankadziwa kuwawa za nkhaniyi, kotero yoikidwiratu GK Zhukov, mkulu wa Western Front. Chakumapeto November Anazi anagwira m'tauni ya Klin, ndipo izi zinachititsa kuti kupambana kwawo. MwaukadauloZida German thanki brigades apita patali patsogolo, ndipo KUKHULUPIRIRA awo lagged utsalira. Pachifukwa ichi, kutsogolo kunapezeka kuti kwambiri anatambasula, zomwe zachititsa a luso nkhonya mdani. Komanso, frosts kwambiri, amakhala mbali ya chifukwa chakuti magalimoto German oti muli nazo zida.

nthano kumatha

Monga mukuonera, ndi yoyamba nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anasonyeza kusowa kwambiri yokonza Red Army kumenya nkhondo ndi mdani cholimba ndiponso odziwa. Koma, ngakhale kuti musanyalanyaze, nthawi imeneyi lamulo Soviet anatha kukonza wamphamvu potsimikizira-mseru yomwe inayamba pa usiku wa 5 6 December 1941 Izi atangokanidwa German utsogoleri anali kuyembekezera. Pa amanyansidwa iyi Germany anathamangitsidwa likulu pa mtunda wa makilomita 150.

Pamaso Nkhondo ya Moscow m'mbuyomo nkhondo yaikulu kwambiri ya nkhondo yachiwiri sanali imautsa mdani wa awiri. Pa kumenyana kwa likulu pamene Germany anataya oposa 120 zikwi. Asilikali Ake. Iyo inali nthawi yoyamba pa Moscow anatsutsa nthano za invincibility wa Nazi ku Germany.

Zolinga za mbali yotsutsa

Achiwiri kukula thanki nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ntchito, kumene kunali mbali ya gawo kudziteteza Nkhondo ya Kursk. Onse Soviet ndi Nazi lamulo zinaonekeratu kuti m'kupita kwa nkhondoyi adzakhala kusintha ndipo ingathetsedwe Ndipotu, zotsatira za nkhondo. The Germany anakonzera ndi amanyansidwa zikuluzikulu M'chaka cha 1943, cholinga chimene ndi kupeza kanthu njira kutembenukira mafunde a kampani mu mtima wake. Choncho, likulu Hitler pasadakhale anayamba ndi kuvomereza ntchito ya usilikali "Citadel".

Pa GHQ Stalin ankadziwa za adani ndipo anapanga kutsutsa mapulani, imene inali ku chitetezo zosakhalitsa wa Kursk zazikulu ndi magazi pazipita ndi magulu vymatyvanii mdani. Pamenepo ife akuyembekeza kuti Red Army adzatha kutsutsa-kuukira, ndipo kenako - kuti tiponye njira.

Chachiwiri lonse thanki nkhondo

July 12 pafupi siteshoni Prokhorovka, yomwe inali makilomita 56 kuchokera Belgorod, adziwitse Panzer gulu mwadzidzidzi anasiya counterattack anagwidwa ndi asilikali Soviet. Pamene nkhondo inayambika, mu thanki-Red anali ndi mwayi chakuti dzuwa likutuluka khungu patsogolo asilikali a ku Germany.

Komanso, kachulukidwe kwambiri pa nkhondo analanda makina Nazi ubwino waukulu - losatha wamphamvu mfuti zimene zinali pafupifupi opanda ntchito pa zosiyanasiyana wabwino. Koma asilikali a Soviet Nayenso anali ndi mwayi moto pati ndipo anagunda mfundo ya chiopysezo kwambiri mu galimoto German oti muli nazo zida.

zotsatira

Mu nkhondo ya Prokhorovka mbali zonse nawo osachepera 1.5 zikwi. Kalavani ya zida, kupatulapo ndege. tsiku limodzi lokha la nkhondo mdani anataya akasinja 350 ndi 10 zikwi. asilikali Ake. Pakutha tsiku lotsatira anakwanitsa kubooleza chitetezo cha mdani ndi kupita mwakuya mu 25 Km. Pambuyo pake, nagonjetsa wa Red Army anali kukula mphamvu, ndi Germany anakakamizika abwerere. Kwa nthawi yaitali ankaganiza kuti nkhani imeneyi ya Nkhondo ya Kursk ankaimira waukulu thanki nkhondo.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse izo zimalimbikitsa ndewu, zimene zinaonetseratu zovuta kwambiri m'dziko lonselo. Koma, ngakhale, asilikali ndi anthu ulemu kugonjetsa mayesero onse. Nkhondo anafotokoza m'nkhani ino, chirichonse chimene angakhale - bwino kapena kulephera, komabe mosasamala pafupi kuti adzapambane izi aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino ndi yaitali ndi onse a chigonjetso chachikulu.