Mawu akuti "kugawaniza ndi ulamuliro" amene anati, inu mukudziwa? tanthauzo la "kugawaniza ndi ulamuliro" ndi amene amakhala ndi mfundo imeneyi?

Imodzi mwa mfundo ndale zochita za adani kunja nthawi zonse ndi kuitana kuti: "Gawani ndi kugonjetsa" Ndani adanena mawu awa, mavuto amene anabadwa ndi momwe katundu wawo zamalankhulidwe anali kusinthidwa kwa zaka zambiri, ife tsopano kutchereza. Kuganiziranso zitsanzo za limati, kumene pafupifupi kulankhula, amenable ndi mawu amenewa, ndi kuyesa kufufuza njira mbiri ya zochitika mkati m'malire awo.

Kodi anachita mawu awa Atafika

Kuyamba, yesani wofufuza magwero enieni a mawu wokha, "kugawaniza ndi kugonjetsa." Amene anati bwino, monga momwe mawu akuti yokha mu maonekedwe ake kopambana anaonekera magwero olembedwa a chilamulo ndi m'zaka za m'ma 19. Iye analipo mu kalata ya wolemba German Genriha Geyne, pamene ananena kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti unanenedwa wotchuka wolamulira wa Macedonia, Filipo, bambo Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Komabe, kunena mfundo imeneyi mwangwiro wandale Chimakedoniya chigamulo osankhika a nthawi imeneyo kutali ndi zovuta, monga mmene zinalili mu mayiko ena zinalili kalelo. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi muyezo Baibulo, mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti mfundo yotero ndi malo ofunika ndale za ufumu wa Roma, monga mawu kwambiri «kugawaniza neri impera» magwero ambiri a phokoso Chilatini. Iwo ankaganiza kuti maonekedwe ambiri boma la Senate Roma, credo moyo wawo.

Kodi malo akuti?

Popeza kuti mawu amenewa mwakhala malo achitetezo a ndale mitundu yambiri amene akhala pa mapu lapansi pamwamba, anthu masiku ano ambiri rewriting iwo pa tsamba ndi mbiri yake. Taganizirani lina angaloledwe akuti "kugawaniza ndi kugonjetsa". Amene adanena mawu awa, kudziwa French, kapena akuganiza kuti amamudziwa. Malinga iwo Korol Lyudovik XI mu moyo wake (ndipo anakhala ndi kulamulira m'ma 15) anati: «Diviser kutsanulira regner», amene anamasuliridwa kuti "kugawaniza kulamulira".

Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma 19, mawuwa pang'ono adasandulika ngati French nzeru zapamwamba Per Zhozef Prudon, akunena kuti "kugawaniza ndi kugonjetsa" mu Latin. Iye zambiri amanyoza pa mawu amenewa, kukangana gawo limenelo, mudzakhala wolemera, iwe ukhale mfumu, mudzatha kugonjetsa anthu onse ndi kuwatonza chilungamo.

M'malo paradoxical kupatulapo

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti malinga ndi malo alipo zopelekedwa, chiphunzitso ichi andale alibe mizu wakale. "Gawani ndi kugonjetsa" ndi Latin kwa nthawi woyamba adawomba pakamwa panali France Proudhon, ndi zikalata zonse ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi nthawi ya ufumu wa Roma, mawu awa si. Chinthu chokha chimene chimapangitsa mbiri yakale ndikuganiza zoti mudziwe ichi chinali mophweka zitatayika, kotero ndi kumvera ndi mtima wonse ndi mawu awa wanyumbayi wakale wa malamulo lokha. Ndipotu Roma pa nthawi imeneyo anagonjetsa boma, lomwe ankasiyana mbali Odzipatula chikhalidwe. Ndi mawu awa mu mawonekedwe awo mwachindunji kapena pang'ono kusinthidwa anali maziko a ndale onse mafumu ndi abwanamkubwa a mphamvu.

Tanthauzo ndi akamanena za mawu amenewa sayansi andale

Ngati ife kulankhula za mawu awa yekha pa mlingo chiphunzitso, ndiyo kufotokoza mfundo za ntchito yake, maziko ndi prerequisites, mungathe mfundo yotsatirayi. Political mfundo "kugawaniza ndi kugonjetsa" ndi mtundu mwayekha gulu makamaka m'mayiko amene ndi zigawo zosiyana. mbali awa, nayenso akhoza kusiyana kwa wina ndi mnzake mu zikuchokera mtundu wa anthu, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo, kapena ngakhale mwa kubadwa (ngati boma wapangidwa mayiko kale alipo osiyana kuti anagonjetsa munthu wina). States uyu mfundo kuti kukhala ndi "chinthu chachikulu" akhoza lizilamuliridwa kokha mwa kukhalabe ndi kukangana pakati pa magulu onse alipo mu mphamvu. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti ambiri mwa njira izi mwachinsinsi, amene kufulumiza mikangano ndi kusamalila mlingo zandale ndiponso amachitika chinsinsi. Momwemonso achinyengo kwa akuluakulu mtsikana m'derali komanso atumwiwo.

tanthauzo la "kugawaniza ndi ulamuliro" mu mbiri chiyani?

Zochitika zimene zinachitika m'nthawi ya ufumu wa Roma, zingakhale molondola kwambiri younikira mfundo ya mawu deta. Mayiko amene anamvera wakale anthu Latin, nthawi zambiri yolimbirana internecine nkhondo, anapeza zisamakuchitikireni wa anthu a osiyana chikhalidwe, Madera osiyana ndi zikhalidwe. Pakati pawo chitsanzo kwambiri chidwi ndi Egypt, limene kwathunthu anagonjetsa mnansi wake wakumpoto nyanja. A zambiri za Ufumu wa Roma linalanda ndi Middle East. Pafupifupi onse Mediterranean East ali pa kutaya akazembe, komanso kuti kusiyana awo boma ndi umboni adaonjezeredwa monga counterweight akadali ndi chikhalidwe Roma, chipembedzo, miyambo ndi andale.

Kodi mfundo imeneyi ntchito mu tsiku lathu

Malinga ndi sayansi yamakono ndale, mwina champhamvu ndi mphamvu kusamalira gulu lalikulu la anthu - ichi ndi chiphunzitso izo zikumveka ngati "kugawaniza ndi kugonjetsa". Amene ananena kuti dziwe lalikulu akhoza kumenya kagulu ka anthu amene ali pa mutu wa boma? Ndiko kulondola, zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira magulu ena a anthu amene, kusonyeza mzake kufunika ndi ukulu, pang'onopang'ono kuutsiriza chuma chawo Chotero, kufooka. Kufalitsa aliyense dera wa makonsolo (monga anali kamodzi Aroma yoikidwiratu m'madera awo akazembe), omwe ali ndi nkhani za boma, zimakhala zosavuta kuti zinthu zonse ndi aliyense, popanda kuopa kupanduka.

Chotero mawonekedwe a boma - mobisa Komabe, mawonekedwe zimawonedwa m'mayiko ambiri yaikulu ya dziko lapansili.

Kodi dziko lathu zovuta ...

Tikumbukenso kuti kugawaniza ndi kugonjetsa olamulira anayamba kuyambira pa chiyambi cha boma zimenezi ndi zodabwitsazi unkachitika mu zigawo zonse zitatu za dziko. Tikhoza kunena ndi chikhulupiriro chonse kuti njira imeneyi ndi zandale, ndiponso maganizo linga lolimba limene osati kulibe, komanso kukhala limati lalikulu ndi ufumu wa dziko. Mfundo "Gawani ndi kugonjetsa" zimaoneka kwambiri m'madera kumene kupikisana wina ndi mzake atatu kapena mfulu banja, ambiri m'madera, omwe ali ndi mbiri yake ndi miyambo.

The paradoxical kwambiri kuti inunso mukuvomereza izi, ndi gulu mpikisano. Popeza kuti iwo onse pansi pa mothandizidwa pamwamba limodzi, palibe munthu akhoza kukhala patsogolo apamwamba ndi yabwino pa nkhondoyi wosatha kuzizira. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo iye Umapeza "ambiri" mphamvu - ambirimbiri anthu nthumwi za boma sadzamva adziwukira izo. Atanganidwa ndi umboni wina ndi mzake za kufunika kwake ndi kufunika.

Tione kwambiri lililonse m'dziko, zigawo zake ndi zigawo - ndi mudzam'pezadi mu kugawanika izi zonse chikhalidwe pa limene limalamulira wina mfumu yanzeru.