History Nzeru Political

Analysis maganizo zamakono chakale pa chiyambi cha mfundo kumathandiza kuti amvetsetse bwino zili gulu. Komanso zimathandiza kupereka angamulambirire sayansi imeneyi ngati zovuta za khalidwe angapo.

Mbiri ya ganizo ndale amabwerera tiganizira pulayimale za ubale wolamulira ndi atumiki ake, pakati pa boma ndi munthu. Mbewu kuganizira zimenezi zimapezeka ngakhale Mfundo za China wakale, India ndi East. Koma akatswiri ambiri mbiri chenicheni cha ziphunzitso za ndale akadali akuyamba ndi nzeru za Aristotle ndi Plato.

Plato - wotchuka mwana wa Socrates, ndipo kenako mphunzitsi wa Aristotle. Iye anali munthu wophunzira kwambiri nthawi imeneyo, analenga sukulu yake ya nzeru, analemba angapo ntchito. anathandiza kuti chitukuko cha sayansi ndale ndi kulenga mfundo yoyamba ya boma (ngakhale mu maonekedwe zosatheka).

Plato ndi Aristotle kuzindikiridwa ndi mfundo boma, ndi dera wandale dera la maubale. Chotero malire okhwima anali chifukwa underdevelopment a m'dera limeneli, kusowa chitetezo Mipikisano gulu masankho ofuna, kulekana kwa mphamvu , ndi zinthu zina zambiri zimene zimabwera mu dziko lero. Pa mtima wa chitsanzo ndale za Aristotle ndi Plato unali mzinda-polis. nzika kuchita maudindo awiri nthawi imodzi: m'gulu dera m'tawuni monga munthu payekha ndipo amagwira ntchito mwachangu moyo wapoyera, ku moyo pagulu. Ndale si pakati mosiyana makhalidwe. Kenako, njira imeneyi wapitiriza zilamulire pafupifupi awiri zaka zambiri.

Mbiri wotsatira ziphunzitso ndale kugwirizana ndi anthu anasintha chidwi kwa asapita nzeru ena mwa boma anthu pakati pa boma ndi anthu. m'magazini ino yokha mu yofanana yake yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kanjedza atumwi ankaona 17 mpaka 19 ngati Benedict Spinoza ndi Dzhon Lokk, Hegel ndi Karl Marx. Locke, mwachitsanzo, anali woyamba kumvetsa boma osati monga mawonekedwe a boma, koma monga gulu la anthu, amene analengedwa kuyitanitsa ku anthu anali anakhalabe chuma payekha.

M'zaka za m'ma 18 mbiri ya ziphunzitso ndale wodzilemekeza maganizo atsopano, amene anabweretsa French nzeru zapamwamba Charles Lui Monteske. M'buku lake "Mzimu wa Malamulo" Iye anafotokoza kuti zikhalidwe za chitukuko cha dera lino la chikoka osati chikhalidwe, komanso zinthu si chikhalidwe (enieni zaziwerengero, nyengo ndi zina). Montesquieu adafotokoza kuti kukula kwa gawo anakhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mitundu ndale. Mwachitsanzo, ufumuwo ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe pa lalikulu kwa mafumu pafupifupi ndithu, koma ndi mabwalo adzakhala yaitali yaing'ono, mwinamwake izo kugwa.

Mbiri ya ziphunzitso za ndale wa zaka 18-19 amakhala ndi atasintha masomphenya a nkhani nawo moyo wa anthu, malire a ntchito yawo. Ngati pamaso pa zisudzo waukulu anali mafumu ndi olemekezeka, koma tsopano, mchikakamizo cha maganizo a Jean-Jacques Rousseau, mu komanso moyo nawo unyinji wa anthu wamba.

Mu nthawi yomweyo kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya anali woyamba ndale, mabungwe malonda, kachitidwe visola. Zochitika zonsezi amene analenga prerequisites kwa ano, watsopano (koma sizichitika kawirikawiri) njira kumvetsa kapangidwe ka anthu.

M'zaka lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma 20 analephera chiphunzitso Marxist, omwe amachepetsa ndale kuti njira zachuma. Komabe, panali wina. Chaka chilichonse, osauka, malamulo ochuluka kusunthira kutali zinthu zachuma, m'malo iwo ndi zapansi pambuyo zakuthupi za ntchito chikhalidwe. Panali wapadera katundu wake, malamulo a chamoyo ndi kukula.

Pafupifupi zitsanzo onse atsopano a zandale kuganizira mfundo lingaliro Weber, zosiyana ndithu Marxism. Ankaona malo ubale chikhalidwe boma, chifukwa aliyense amafuna kukhala kapena kusintha, kapena mwanjira nawo mbali.