Zemsky Sobor. Mbiri ya chitukuko

Zemsky Sobor - ili ndi gawo lofunika mu chitukuko cha Russia. Veche malamulo analipo dziko lathu kosatha, koma pakhala nthawi pamene ufulu onse a Koran. Ndi moyo n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa ambiri zigawo Ivan Grozny.

Zemsky Sobor m'gulu akuluakulu a makalasi zotsatirazi: Boyar Duma, amene mamembala anatenga gawo mu Zemsky Sobor zonse; Synod Woyera, iwo anali kokha apamwamba mpingo wolowezana; anthu osankhidwa kuchokera servicemen, Moscow ndi otchuka m'tauni, oponya mivi gunners ndi Cossacks; osankhidwa oimira m'tawuni (chernososhnye ndi wakunja kwatawuni) ndi mazana a nsalu ndi pabalaza. Cathedral wa convocation kutoma akhacemerwa "chachikulu cha chiyanjanitso."

Woyamba Zemsky Sobor akambirane kuti anaziphunzitsa kwa ophunzira msonkhano ndi kusintha latsopano thupi Ivana Groznogo - Nyumba ya Malamulo osankhidwa. Monga amadziwika kukonza monga kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba yamalamulo Strelets asilikali, kuyambitsa latsopano Sudebnik ndi chitukuko mandative dongosolo ndi kulimbitsa boma.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, ntchito za Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira woimira thupi komanso kusanduka. Choncho, pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 16, mamembala a mpingo anapatsidwa bwino kuvomereza inalowa ufumu mfumu yatsopano. Masiku amenewo, anaganiza olamulira latsopano ovomerezeka a anthu, ndi amene anasonyeza Zemsky Sobor.

Mbiri ya chitukuko ichi limba m'zigawozigawo: panali nthawi udindo wake kwathunthu adatayika, ndipo panali ena pamene chophimba zimene anachita tsoka la boma. Mavuto nthawi ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwa nthawi yotsiriza.

Major Zemsky Sobor

Msonkhano woyamba akambirane pa Red Square, kenako msonkhano anasamukira ku boma la Russia Komiti. Kuyambira cha m'ma 16 m'zaka za m'ma 17 mochedwa panali pafupifupi 50 misonkhano, umene pali omwe asintha kalekale m'dziko lathu.

Cathedral 1589 anavomereza nominee maganizo mpando wachifumu Borisa Godunova. Mphekesera zokhudza nkhani mu Uglich sewero, panali anthu ambiri, koma, oddly mokwanira, ndipo anavomereza Akuluakulu osankhidwa. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi kwafalikira Zemsky Sobor 1613 chaka, umene unachitikira mu Mfundo Cathedral.

Monga amadziwika, pa tchalitchi wavomereza ndi mafumu atsopano pa mpando wachifumu Russian ndipo anabweretsa zopangira mnyamata Mikhail Romanov. Dziwani kuti ulamuliro wake mfumu wamng'ono zonse msonkhano pamisonkhano imeneyi kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana. Atakhala zaka 1632/1634 akambirane pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la nkhondo ndi Poland. Panthawi imeneyi, anapereka latsopano "nkhondo" msonkho - asanu ndalama. Collection 1648/1649 ndi akambirane pambuyo inayamba mwadzidzidzi Salt chipolowe mu Moscow. Kukamba za vuto malamulo chakale.

Zinali ndiye kuti nkhaniyo anapanga pa kuika mu ntchito Council Code - latsopano malamulo a Russian. Last Zemsky Sobor akambirane mu 1653. Pa msonkhano umenewu anaganiza kuti agwirizane asilikali Cossack ndi Ukraine mu Russia.

Phindu mu mbiriyakale

Zemsky Sobor anayambitsa mapangidwe Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira-nthumwi ufumu mu Russia. Koma kukula chibadidwe absolutist mu Mafumu wotsatira kwambiri wofooka udindo wa thupi.