Mchitidwe chiphunzitso cha umunthu: munthu aliyense ali ndi chiyambi zabwino

Mpaka m'ma 20, izo chogwidwa kukhudzidwa momveka bwino kuti anthu - poyamba mwankhanza, cholengedwa choipa, ndi zinthu kokha Link (mwachitsanzo, maphunziro) Apewe nyama achibadwidwe chake.

Komabe, afilosofi ndiponso zamaganizo anali kupendanso maganizo pambuyo nkhondo ziwiri, imene munthu osati anadzionetsa monga cholengedwa chinang'ambika achibadwidwe. nthawi zambiri za ungwazi, nsembe kwa lingaliro la dzina la dzikoli, munthu anatsogolera chakuti anayambitsa chiphunzitso Mchitidwe wa umunthu. ndiAmene ake akhulupirire Abraham Maslow amene postulated ndi poyamba wabwino, munthu wauzimu, ndi timafunitsitsa titadziwa za Mulungu. Ndi zinthu zina zoipa zimathandiza kuti kuthetsa zimenezi.

Self-actualization

Mawu akuti waukulu, umene ukugwira ntchito ndi a anthu chiphunzitso cha umunthu, ndi lingaliro la kudzikonda actualization. Kuwulula m'kati wauzimu ndi chitukuko payekha angathe abwino, actualized munthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amazindikira zosowa zake titadziwa, kumasula okha ku goli la externalities zoipa, ndipo amayesetsa kuzikwaniritsa. Izi ndondomeko kusintha njira wake "Ine" amatchedwa kudziletsa actualization. Mchitidwe chiphunzitso cha chitukuko umunthu amakhulupirira kuti munthu nthawizonse kufuna kudziletsa kuzindikira zosowa zawo titadziwa, ndi ndondomeko iyi si chomaliza (chifukwa pali chinachake kuyesetsa kuti). Choncho, umunthu nthawi zonse kufuna kupita patsogolo ndipo sangathe yaitali sizimera.

Chiphunzitso cha Erich Fromm

Ambiri mitu kumva kuti munthu amaonedwa kuti ndi zabwino poyamba. Kodi kwambiri nkhanza, mkwiyo, umbanda? Mchitidwe umunthu chiphunzitso akusonyeza kuti ngakhale anthu ambiri achiwawa prerequisites chifukwa chololera chitukuko, monga kufunika kuti iwo watsekedwa ndi zinthu zoipa chikhalidwe. Munthu aliyense angathe kuyamba kukhazikitsa zimenezi pa siteji iliyonse ya moyo wawo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, sitingathe kutchula dzina la psychoanalyst wotchuka Erich Fromm, amene anaona munthu wofuna ntchito ndi chikondi. Mchitidwe chiphunzitso cha umunthu Erich Fromm amaika patsogolo angapo apamwamba zofuna existential, akupezekera ya munthu aliyense:

• muyenera kusamalira munthu (kulankhulana ndi ena);
• kufunika kwa kulenga (structural);
• chilakolako chitetezo, bata (kufunika kwa thandizo);
• kufunika kwa kuzindikira wapadera ake;
• kufunika kwa dongosolo chikhulupiriro ofotokozera;
• kufunika ndi tanthauzo la moyo (ayenera kukhala chinthu).

Fromm ankakhulupirira kuti mavuto zinthu zina drowns zimenezi, chifukwa munthu sakonda akufunikira. kutsutsana Izi ndi amphamvu munthu nkhondo. Fromm hemayo a anthu umunthu chiphunzitso ikusonyeza mmene munthu kumenyana ziwiri zosiyana chikhumbo: kusunga chizindikiro chawo ndipo musakhale mwa anthu, anthu. Pano pa chithandizo pawekha umabwera kusalumikizana pamene izo kusankha - kumvera malamulo a anthu ndipo tsopano ankaona zosowa zawo.