Kusamalira konkire mutatha kutsanulira mu chilimwe ndi nthawi yachisanu

Chithandizo cha konkire chimaphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala, komwe kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa madzi. Mu misa pa dilution wa konkire, okwanira kuchuluka kwa madzi akuwonjezeka kupereka hydration. Kuti ndondomekoyi ipitirire mpaka konkire itakhazikika, nkofunika kubwezeretsa madzi osungirako madzi kapena kutenga njira zowatetezera. Zimachokera ku chisamaliro cha konkire mutatha kutsanulira kuti mukhalebe ndi madzi ozizira kwa nthawi yolepheretsa kutentha kwa dothi ndi dothi pamwamba pake. N'zotheka kukhazikitsa ndegeyo bwinobwino.

Malamulo

Konkire ndi yolemetsa GOST 26633 2012, yomwe ili ndi phokoso lolimba la simenti, imasungidwa mu malo osakanikirana kwa milungu iwiri. Nthawi yochepa ndi yofunika kwa simenti ndi kuuma kwachangu, koma payekha ntchitoyi yachitidwa mosamala kwambiri.

Konkire yamadzi imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa, poyerekeza ndi yachilendo. Izi ndizofunikira kwa alumina zakuthupi, popeza kuchepa kwa mphamvu zake kumachitika pafupifupi kawiri pamene kutentha kwadutsa pa 32 ° C.

Kukonzekera kwa kukonza konkire SNiP 3.01.01-85 ikulamulidwa. Njira zonse zothandizira kutentha ndi zida za kutentha zimakhazikitsidwa ndi polojekitiyi.

Zofunika za chisamaliro cha chilimwe

Ntchito yaikulu yowonongeka pa chilimwe ndikuteteza kuyanika. Kupanga boma lokhazika mtima pansi lili ndi malamulo osavuta omwe amafunikira kuwonongera bwinobwino. Mvula yowonongeka ndi mphepo zimakhudza malo otseguka, choncho ayenera kutetezedwa kwa iwo. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi ndizobvala zopanda madzi, mwachitsanzo, zikhomo kapena zovuta. Mafilimu a polyethylene angathenso kukhala ngati zinthu zothandiza kupewa kuyanika. Zimathandiza kupewa kutuluka kwa mafunso monga: "N'chifukwa chiyani konkire ikutha ndipo pali saline?"

Ngati palibe chophimba chapadera, pamwamba pake madzi amathiridwa maola angapo ntchitoyo itatha kapena mchenga umathiridwa. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zozungulira, koma, mosasamala za iwo, chovalacho chiyenera kukhala chonyowa mpaka konkire ikupeza mphamvu zambiri. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito payipi ndi mfuti yachitsulo kwa ulimi wothirira.

Pansi pa kutentha kwapamwamba, ntchito isanayambe kumapeto, ntchitoyi imatsanulidwanso. Ngati imachotsedwa musanathe kukonzekera konkire, m'pofunika kuyendetsa ndege zowonongeka. Kwa madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, ndi zomveka kugwiritsira ntchito dongosolo ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono kuti amwe malo otsetsereka ndi otsetsereka.

Zovuta zina

Ubwino wa konkire yosungidwa ungakhudzidwe osati kutentha kokha, komanso ndi madzi pansi. Pofuna kupewa kupsa mtima, kusungunula kapena kutaya madzi kumakonzedwa. Ntchito imeneyi imapangidwira alumini simenti masiku atatu, ndi masiku 10-14 kwa mitundu ina.

Zambiri zamchere mumadzi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuthirira madziwo. Pambuyo pa evaporation wa madzi, mcherewo umakhalabe pazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa konkire. Zikatero, chophimba chomwe chimayikidwa masentimita angapo kuchokera ku kapangidwe kamadzidwa. Madzi a mchere amawasakaniza osakaniza, pamene mcherewo umakhalabe pazitsulo.

Kuteteza ndi kusakaniza konki yosakaniza, nthawi yambiri ndi khama zimafunika. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito phula ndi mapepala opanga utoto, mafilimu oteteza polima omwe ali ndi phazi lalikulu, pokhapokha ngati sakugwirizana kwambiri ndi konkire.

Mphamvu yapadera ya chinyezi imafunika pazinthu zosaoneka bwino zamchere ndi porous mtundu fillers. Kukonzekera kwa konkire m'chilimwe kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zokutidwa ndi mafilimu ndi utoto woteteza ku chinyontho.

Ntchito pa kutentha

Mwachibadwidwe, ngati pali nthawi yosankha ntchito, ndibwino kuti mupereke miyezi ya chilimwe. Koma ngati kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitika m'nyengo yozizira, ntchito yapadera ndi yofunika kuti chitetezocho chizizizira koyamba chisanathe mphamvu.

Pokonzekera yankho popanda kuwonjezera mapulani othandizira, ndikofunika kutentha madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyala koyenera kuyenera kuchitidwa. Zowonjezera pamwambazi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi nthunzi ndi kuchotsedwa, kenako ntchito yotsanulira imapitiliza.

M'nyengo yozizira kusamalira konkire ndi zotsatirazi:

• Pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa malire, nyumbayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito zida zowononga.
• Zosintha ndi mphamvu zamtundu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa maziko olimbikitsa.
• Makina olemera a konkire kapena katundu wolemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, GOST yomwe imapereka kukhalapo kwa zowonjezera zowonjezera.

Kulengedwa kwa mawonekedwe abwino otentha ndi kotheka ndi chithandizo cha "hema" ndi kutentha kwa panthawi yomweyo ndi mfuti yamoto. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kutentha kwa magetsi sikuyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zowongoka, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kuwonjezera. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa nthunzi kapena kutentha kwapadera.

Zolemba

Zopangidwa zamakono zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira kuumitsa, ndege zotseguka ziyenera kutetezedwa mwamsanga mutatha kuthira mvula.

Kuonetsetsa kuti mapangidwe a matabwa salowetsa chinyezi ndipo amaonetsetsa kulemera kwake kwa konkire, mkati mwake kumakhala koyambidwa ndi mafuta apadera. Sizingakhale zodabwitsa kutulutsa kunja kunja, makamaka nyengo yotentha.

Kwazitsulo zing'onozing'ono, kuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo chotsutsana ndi kuyanika kumafunika, poyerekeza ndi massifiti a konkire, izi ndi chifukwa cha ndege yomwe yapangidwayo kuphatikizapo mphamvu yomwe ilipo. Mphepete ndi ming'oma zimayamba kuuma mofulumira kuposa zochitika zonsezo.

Kugwira ntchito ndi malo aakulu

Kuchokera pamene nthawi yokhala ndi konkire pamtunda wotseguka imatha, chisamaliro choyenera ndi chofunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zingatheke m'njira zingapo.

Kwa ulimi wothirira, pulogalamu yapamwamba yokhala ndi piritsi yotsekedwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina, kukhazikitsa njira yopitilira ulimi wothirira ndi zomveka. Koma izi zingayambitse maluwa a konkire chifukwa cha chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chili m'madzi. Choncho, ndi zofunika kugwiritsira ntchito mapaipi m'magulu apadera.

Mukamanga madamu, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti malo otseguka amakhala pamtunda uliwonse, ndiko kuti chisamaliro cha konkire m'chilimwe chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi malo okhala ndi kuthirira madzi.

Zovala zoyera

Chifukwa cha makulidwe ochepa, nthaka ya konkire imakhala ndi kutaya mwamsanga kwa madzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti apangidwe malaya opukutira. Ndikofunika kukonza ntchito yoyenera, kotero kuti kuuma kwa konkire sikuli limodzi ndi kutayika kwa chinyezi. Pansi pamapeto pake kumathira madzi okwanira ndi mchenga, kapena kumakhala ndi zinthu zopanda madzi. Chophika n'zotheka kokha ngati palibe vuto lowonongeka pamwamba. Chophimba cha mchenga chiyenera kumatsuka nthawi zonse. Palinso njira zina zosungira chinyezi, koma sizingatheke.

Kusamalira konkire mothandizidwa ndi makonzedwe oteteza

Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zotetezera zagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu pa konkire ndipo zimagawidwa mu mitundu itatu: utoto wakuda, woyera ndi wopanda mtundu. Zosankha ziwiri zomalizazi zimakhudza kwambiri mthunzi wa nkhaniyo. Makomiti oyera amapangidwa kuti aziphimba konkire pamwamba pa dzuwa, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa fodya. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chikuwonetsera, konkire ndi yoyera pamwamba ili ndi katundu wofanana ndi kutetezera zinthu kuchokera ku dzuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepetsa kutenthedwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Sinthani njira zothetsera vutoli kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamtunda pamwamba pa ma airodom, monga chisamaliro cha konkire Mpaka mphamvu zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti njira zina zitheke. Chifukwa cha mtundu wakuda ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, kutsekemera kotetezedwa kunali kosavuta.

Malingana ndi phula

Kuphimba kosavuta kumawonjezera kutentha ndipo kumayambitsa kugwira ntchito mwamsanga. Kupsyinjika kwa kutentha kumawonjezeka pakupezeka kwa malo opanda kanthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kupezeka kwa ming'alu. Mvula yamitambo yamakono imatha kuchepetsa kupasula, koma mu mphepo youma iwo alibe mphamvu zisanayambe kutuluka. Kugwiritsa ntchito chophimba choyera chowonjezera kumachepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha. Koma sizingathetseretu mavuto onse oteteza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakuda, zoyera zoyera zimawonongedwa ndi chilengedwe. Mulimonsemo, kotero kuti pamapeto pake simusowa chifukwa chake konkire ikugwedezeka, iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi burlap kapena filimu, ndiyeno yothira ndi njira yamba.

Kwa malo okhala ndi tulo tomwe tikugona, komanso mapaipi ndi tunnel, kugwiritsa ntchito phula kapena phula lamagetsi ndi zomveka. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwake kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, kuyera kumakhala koyeretsa asanayambe kuphimba.

Posachedwapa, ntchito zazitetezo zakhala zikudziwika, zomwe zimapanga filimu yotanuka, yoonda, yamphamvu. Sindinapeze kugawidwa kwakukulu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo kochepa, koma pogwiritsira ntchito moyenera iwo amathandiza bwino kwambiri, nyengo yozizira. Mphamvu zawo zachepetsedwa m'madera ndi nyengo yoopsa.

Mchere wambiri

Kusamalira konkire mutatha kutsanulira kumachitidwa ndi chithandizo cha mchere womwe umatulutsa chinyezi kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngati chinyezichi chimakhala pansi pamsinkhu wovuta, zotsatira zake zimakhalapo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutuluka kwa madzi.