N'chifukwa chiyani mzinda anafuna kumasula okha ku mphamvu ya akuluakulu? Nkhondo mizinda ndi okalamba

Kuyambira cha m'ma 11 mu Europe amapereka ndondomeko yogwira mizinda. Komabe, monga anaganiza amanyoza, "palibe dziko popanda mbuye", ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo mapangidwe ake mzinda akale ndi pa chifundo cha ambuye ang'onoang'ono, ndipo anthu ake anakakamizika kupirira mwankhanza awo. Zimenezi unakhala cholemetsa anthu. Choncho, tinafika kwambiri za mbiri yakale, amene amanena kulimba kwa mizinda ndi ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Chotero kodi nkhondo ikuchitikira Ages Middle ku Ulaya pakati pa anthu ndi nzika lalikulu, ndi momwe iwo linatha?

preconditions Economic kwa zikamera wa mizinda

Mu nthawi ya oyambirira Ages Middle ochepa chopulumuka wakale mizinda Aroma anthu anthu a ulimi, moti ngakhale m'madera kamodzi landscaped ndi malo ntchito pagulu, analima ndi kutembenukira ku minda. Komabe, kuyambira cha m'ma 11 mochedwa, kutukula luso kwachititsa kukula kwa ntchito zamanja monga nthambi yatsopano umene umachoka ulimi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu amene ali ndi ntchito yomweyo, anayamba kukhazikika pamodzi, chifukwa mu njira iyi zipangitsa zokolola apamwamba, choncho phindu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali woyamba Chotsimikizika mabusa, amene tinganene kuti makolo a mizinda ano mafakitale, bvula yotsatira anayamba kumamanga nyumba zawo ndi amalonda. Pambuyo mankhwala waluso anafunika kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mkubwela kwa ndalama ufulu mwakula ndi zosowa zawo zinthu zimene si opangidwa kwanuko.

Background mikangano pakati pa mabwana ndi m'tauni

Monga tanenera kale, zikamera wa ambiri mizinda Ages Middle anali makamaka chifukwa zinthu zachuma. Makamaka, linapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha ulimi ndi malonda. Nthawi zambiri anatengedwa kusonyeza yatsoka mwa njira zotsatirazi kwa mizinda zakale midzi Roma mozungulira nyumba zazikulu zachitetezo, mchitidwe umenewu padziko. Komanso, nthawi zambiri anapanga zochokera Chotsimikizika posads kuimira gulu bungwe bwino. Komanso, kaya chiyambi m'madera onse ofanana anthu chinkhoswe mu ulimi, anali ochepa. Koma kumzinda uliwonse anaima pansi, ndipo pafupifupi dera lonse la Western, ndi mbali ya kummawa kwa Europe a mafumu akale kapena ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Choncho, m'tauni onse opezeka pansi pa ulamuliro wa mbuye ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo poyamba iye Senor, monga ulamuliro, anayesa m'njira iliyonse kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuganizira anthu amene anakhala pa dziko lake monga gwero la yodalirika.

N'chifukwa chiyani mzinda anafuna kumasula okha ku mphamvu ya akuluakulu?

Ndi kukula kwa moyo wa anthu okhala m'mizinda amakonda kukula ndipo akudzitengera mafumu ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pambuyo alendo "mizu" mu malo atsopano, ndipo anapereka okha ndi malo, zomwe iwo sindikanafuna kusiya. Choyamba, izo akuwonetseredwa mu kuwonjezeka zonse misonkho kuti asanene anayamba kwenikweni kuchokera konsekonse. Komanso, clerks kawirikawiri akuluakulu okha, "kuyamba" ncholinga patsogolo zawo. Komanso kuchita dongosolo la ndalama, omwe kulangidwa chifukwa infractions zazing'ono, ndi mndandanda wa chindapusa cha ntchito izi kapena kuti mtundu wa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri zinachitika, ndi kuti Ambuye anangotenga anthu amene anali malingana, kuti wasangalala iye.

Chotero, chifukwa chachikulu chimene mzinda anafuna kumasula okha ku mphamvu ya akuluakulu, wakhala umasinthasintha poyerekezera ndi nzika. Komanso, linapangitsa kuti kuzindikira kuti kudalira ang'onoang'ono kumabwezera mmbuyo kukula kwa chuma chawo.

Nkhondo mizinda ndi okalamba

Anthu ambiri poyamba anali servitors mbuye ndi osauka, amene makolo nthawi zonse ankakhala malo amenewa. Komanso ambuye akutsutsana analola kukhazikika m'mizinda yawo imanena wamba akuthawa ambuye akale chifukwa ndalama zawo mwachindunji amadalira chiwerengero cha anthu. M'manja mwa ambuye ndi anaikira mphamvu zonse. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa anthu wamba kale m'mizinda chinayamba miyambo achilendo kwa chipangizo limodzi, ndi za mtsogolo ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe ziwalo za boma oyang'anira tauni.

Chokhumba cha Ambuye ang'onoang'ono kuchotsa ndalama zambiri akhoza kutsogoleredwa ndi chakuti amisiri ndi amalonda anafuna kumasula okha ku mphamvu ya Yehova, kuyambira nthawi zonse atayamba waukulu kulanda. Choncho ananyamuka ndi kulankhula akale, ncholinga kumasulidwa kwa mizinda. Poyamba, m'tauni anamenyera kuchepetsa levies ndi maudindo malonda, koma kenaka anayamba kuika zofuna patsogolo kwambiri zambiri zandale. Makamaka, ambiri a iwo anali kwa m'tawuni ya ufulu wodzilamulira. Motero, poganizira za mbiri ya Ages Middle, m'mizinda kulimbana ndi ambuye ang'onoang'ono si malo otsiriza mu izo. Mbali yapadera kuyenda oyang'anira tauni anali chikhalidwe chawo, monga kunachitidwa ndi munthu weniweni, koma sanali bwanji ukusokoneza chikhalidwe.

zotsatira za nkhondo

Pali milandu pamene mzinda analandira maudindo ena, mogula kwa akuluakulu ndalama. Komanso kuchuluka Pankhaniyi anali aakulu kwambiri moti olumpha ndalama kuchokera malipiro ndi ndalama m'tsogolo. Koma ambiri a mzindawo unakhala free, T. E. A lodzilamulira, koma chifukwa cha zaka zambiri za kulimbana, nthawi zambiri zida, nthawi zambiri zinasokoneza mafumu ndi mafumu, kumachita monga oweruza aakulu. Ngati chifukwa cha nkhondo ya pakati pa anthu ndi Ambuye, Ambuye kupeza chigonjetso, iye mopanda chisoni disposes wa ophunzira achangu mu magalimoto oyang'anira tauni ndi omangika kulanda.

Monga ndondomeko yomenyera a mzindawo anatuluka pansi akuluakulu boma m'mayiko osiyanasiyana?

Mu lirilonse la European limati ang'onoang'ono a kulankhula akale anali peculiarities yake. Mfundo ndi kuti chifukwa chimene mzinda anafuna kumasula okha ambuye a mphamvu, imodzimodzi ambiri, ndipo ndi zina zabwino zina.

Choncho, kum'mwera kwa France, tinganene kuti wodzilamulira anapita bwino ndipo popanda kukhetsa magazi. Koma Italy, padawuka kumzinda Republic ndi mphamvu ankadutsa atsogoleri achipembedzo.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chifukwa mzinda anafuna kumasula okha ku mphamvu ya akuluakulu nanga mapangidwe maboma a m'mayikowo m'matauni akuluakulu a Medieval Europe.