Asandilembe Konigsberg Nazi pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse tsiku la ophunzira. Kulimbana yomasulira Konigsberg, ndi kutsogolo? Zikho yomasulira Konigsberg

Kumasuka ku Nazi Konigsberg ameja bwino ntchito ochitidwa ndi Red Army pa gawo mwachindunji za thupi Germany. Zotsatira zake kwakukulukulu kudalira pa zochitika zonse tsogolo la ogwirizana pa komaliza kumasula Europe ku Nazism. Choncho, amasulidwe Konigsberg zinthu zinasintha mu unyolo wa ulendo wopambana wa asilikali. Ndipo chophiphiritsa ndi mfundo imene mzinda ndi madera ozungulira, atangobadwa kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Nazi, anali mbali Soviet Union.

Mwachidule mbiri ya kum'mawa Prussia

Earth East Prussia, kamodzi a fuko la Prussians Baltic, kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XII anali pansi yogwira German kulamulira asilikali. Ndiye panali chikhalidwe cha Teutonic Order wa Ankhondo, pafupi kwathunthu adzathetsedwa, ndipo anatengera anthu wamba ndi kuopseza Poland, Lithuania ndi Russia.

mumzindawo Konigsberg, poyamba unkatchedwa Tvangste, dzina lake mu 1255 polemekeza Czech Mfumu Premysl Ottokar II.

M'zaka za m'ma XV, otsiriza Mwini Hohenzollern banja pa mayiko amenewa Duchy wakudziko Prussia, zomwe ophatikizana mgwirizano weniweni ndi chisankho cha Brandenburg anakhazikitsidwa. boma umatchedwa ufumu wa Prussia, ndi dziko mwachindunji m'manja mwa Teutonic Knights, lomwe likulu lake ku Königsberg, East Prussia anadziwika.

Kenako, m'madera amenewa chikugwirizana pa mndandanda mu German ufumu wa Republic Weimar ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Ankhondo pa Soviet-German kutsogolo

Mu 1944, asilikali Nazi ku nkhondo aukali Pamapeto pake anachotsedwa dera la USSR. Kumasulidwa kwa maiko a kum'mawa ndi Ulaya ku Nazi. Asilikali Soviet anapita molunjika ku gawo German, makamaka, kuti East Prussia.

January 13, 1945 East ntchito Prussian unayambitsidwa ndi asilikali Soviet. Iwo nawo, 2 Belarus kutsogolo pansi polimbana Rokossovskogo 3 Belarus Front pansi General Chernyakhovskogo woyamba ndiyeno Marshala Vasilevskogo, ndi 1 Baltic kutsogolo lotsogoleredwa ndi General Bagramyan. Zochita za mphamvu pansi panyanja kuphimba Baltic zombo molamulidwa ndi General Tributs. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito asilikali m'dera lino kuposa anthu 1.6 miliyoni.

mphamvu Soviet kukakumana ndi Army Gulu "Center" ndi "North" motsogoleredwa ndi, motero, msilikali-General Reinhardt ndi L. Rendulic. Iwo inkakhala m'ma 580 zikwi Anthu ogwira ntchito..

Pa nagonjetsa bwino wa Red Army anapangidwa yojambula yokhala wotanganidwa mfundo zingapo njira ndi mizinda. Koma chinsinsi lonse la East Prussia anakhalabe angaloŵe Konigsberg.

Choncho, anapitiriza Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Kumasulidwa kwa Konigsberg anali kukhala mmodzi wa magawo chifungulo cha iye.

Kukonzekera chitetezo ku Germany

Mwamsanga pamene zinadziwika kuti posachedwapa ayamba kumenyana yomasulira Konigsberg, ndi German High Lamulo walamula kulimbitsa kuphatikiza ndi pamaso mzinda pafupifupi angaloŵe. Ife anayamba kumanga okwatiranawo.

Amalima amveke a chitetezo achilengedwe a ku mudziwo, wopangidwa mwa mphete atatu anamangidwa panyengo zosiyanasiyana zakale. Komanso, Konigsberg ali kunja kumbuyo mphete ndi citadel bwino zokhalamo.

Komanso anagwira ntchito yobwezeretsa zotsatirazi anawonongera lomwe, chifukwa ndi bomba la ndege British anali Königsberg (1944). Kumasulidwa kwa mzinda analonjeza kukhala zovuta.

mphamvu za zipani

Kumasuka ku Nazi Konigsberg anapangidwa zikomo zotheka kuti ntchito bwino ikuchitika molamulidwa ndi kulamulira Vasilevsky. Iye anali nkhani mankhwala, kutsogozedwa ndi General Bagramyan. Phimbani kumwamba analamula Air Chief polimbana Novikov. Ndi zochita zawo yatsopano kukapempha amasulidwe Königsberg. zowonjezera kutsogolo kwa ntchito imeneyi? Ambiri kwambiri nawo anali Chibelarusi lachitatu, omwe anali m'gulu 1 Baltic.

Chiwerengero cha asilikali a Soviet amene anatenga gawo mu ntchito, anali anthu 137 sauzande. Komanso, analipo 2174 ndege 538 akasinja.

Konigsberg chitetezo kutsogoleredwa ndi General Otto Von Lasch Wehrmacht. Kuwagwiritsa ntchito anali 130 zikwi asilikali, amene si zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha kutsutsa asilikali Soviet. Koma akasinja ndi ndege asilikali German pamalowa kwambiri otsika. Iye anali, motero, 108 ndi 170 mayunitsi.

Choncho, pamene pafupifupi ofanana anthu oti mu gawo lino la Soviet Army anali ndi mwayi kwambiri pa luso asilikali a Wehrmacht. Kamodzi ikuonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zinthu pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ndi mmene ankakhalira mu 1945.

Poyembekezera opaleshoni

Musanayambe kumasulidwa kwa Konigsberg, inu ikuchitika ndi asilikali a Soviet shelling wa maudindo zokhalamo za mdani. Zinanditengera pafupifupi buku lonse sabata loyamba April. Komanso adayikidwa airstrikes ndege ndege yathu pa malo oonekera ndinkakhala nalo mumzinda. Komabe, mabomba deta anali zochepa zowononga kuposa cholimbana ndege British anachita pa ambiri a 1944.

Nawonso Germany anayesa mwamsanga kuti chigamba iliyonse chilema chitetezo ya, analasidwa mizinga Soviet.

utsogoleri Wehrmacht amadziwa kuti ngati anthu lake kuteteza iliyonse inchi wa nthaka dontho otsiriza a magazi, a msirikali watha, masiku Ulamuliro wa Nazi wachitatu liwerengedwa. Koma, monga ife tikudziwa kuchokera ku mbiriyakale, ngakhale nsembe kochuruka kwa asilikali wamba German sidawapulumutse makina wokhala fuko ndi kupondereza ku chiwonongeko.

mzinda Sturm

Anayamba nthawi yomweyo, amasulidwe Konigsberg. Tsiku April 6, 1945 Chiyambi cha izo.

Nsombazi anali anachitira pa nthawi yomweyo mu kumpoto ndi kummwera kwa mzinda. Day, mwachizolowezi, anayamba ndi shelling udindo mdani. maola pafupi kwa khumi ndi awiri a tsiku anapita pa akasinja nagonjetsa oyenda. A mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ntchito wakhala anatumizidwa asilikali kumenya munthu, amene anapanga zopereka kwambiri anamasulidwa Konigsberg (1945).

The Germany anapereka kukana wosimidwa, koma asilikali Soviet udzaphwanya chotchinga kumbuyo akutiakuti. okwerera sitima ndipo doko lalandidwa. Pa pempholo kupereka asilikali Wehrmacht anayankha chokana mwachangu. Kuyesa kukonza mthunzi anapangidwa, koma asilikali Soviet anagwira asilikali German, akufuna kubweretsa dongosolo mu chowonadi.

Pomaliza, April 9, 1945, General Otto Von Lasch, pozindikira kulephera kwa kukana, anasaina kudzipereka, ndipo analamula asilikali onse amene anali pansi pa lamulo lake, kugona pansi zida zawo. Kusesa mzinda kuchokera kusamvera malamulo a magulu a asilikali Wehrmacht anapitiriza tsiku lonse lotsatira.

Choncho panali kumasulidwa kwa Konigsberg. Zinapatsidwa kwa asilikali a Soviet zomvetsa ochepa, koma izi ayi kuseketsa anthu kumatipatutsa kufunika kwa chochitika mu chimango cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse makamaka ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World wonse.

zomvetsa pamagulu

Pa ntchito yomasulira mzinda wa Konigsberg kupha 42.000 asilikali German, za 92.000 anatengedwa ukapolo. Komanso, asilikali Soviet anagwira zida, ndicho zidutswa zikwi ziwiri zida zankhondo, 128 ndege 1652 matope.

Pakati pa asilikali a Soviet zomvetsa anali laling'ono kwambiri, iwo anakwana 3,200 omenyana akufa. Izi zinasonyeza kuti asilikali athu aphunzira kupambana chigonjetso osati chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha asilikali ndi nambala yaikulu ya asilikali akufa, monga izo zinali pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa dongosolo wanzeru wa ntchito. Zimenezi kufotokoza Red Army ndi njira qualitatively latsopano.

Kwa anthu a Konigsberg vuto lomwelo anayang'ana zambiri chisoni. 80% la mumzinda pafupifupi inawonongedwa pa kumenya ndi mabomba kuchokera kumwamba, kuphatikizapo amene amachititsa ndi ndege Royal British m'kupita kwa 1944. Okhala 316.000 wa anthu Konigsberg pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, 200,000 okha otsalira pambuyo itachita kwa mzinda, ndipo posakhalitsa anathamangitsidwa ku madera ena.

mtengo opareshoni

Wosamasula wa Königsberg mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse athandiza kuti akonze ankamasulira kwa pasadakhale winanso wa asilikali Soviet. April 25, anagonjetsedwa otsiriza yokulirapo German lankhondo m'chigawo - ndi Samland Gulu la Asilikali. Mu ntchito iyi East-Prussian anali bwinobwino.

zinthu zina amadziwika zonse: kupitiriza kwa anagwirizana mseru wa itachita wa Berlin, kudzipha Hitler ndi kudzipereka kwathunthu kwa Germany May 8, 1945. Kumene, kukwaniritsa chifukwa ichi, kutenga mmodzi wa Königsberg sikunali kokwanira, koma izi chochitika - ulalo woyenera mu unyolo wa kupambana monga Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, Nkhondo ya Kursk lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi ndipo tidakocheza ku anagwirizana mu Normandy.

Tanthauzo ndi peculiarity za kupambana kwa asilikali Soviet kuti Koenigsberg mwangwiro chikusonyeza kuti pa nthawi ya 24 nthawi yake ananyoza pa mfuti 324 anapatsidwa mu Moscow. Komanso, linakhazikitsidwa ndi baji wapadera (Mendulo) kupitirizabe kukumbukira bwino izi kwa asilikali athu nkhondo za chilichonse, ife kulankhula pang'ono.

Kaliningrad - mzinda Russian

Tsoka zina la mzindawo ndi odziwika bwino. Konigsberg mu 1946 anadzatchedwa Kaliningrad ulemu wa womwalirayo m'chaka chomwecho, mtsogoleri chipani M. I. Kalinina, ndipo ali m'gulu limodzi ndi mbali yaikulu ya East Prussia, choyamba RSFSR, ndipo pambuyo kugwa Soviet Union - latsopano la Russia. Ambiri a German a m'dera anatumizidwa ku Germany. m'dera panopa limatchedwa Kaliningrad, anali litadzala ndi okhala m'madera ena a USSR, makamaka wa RSFSR ndi Chiyukireniya SSR ndi Byelorussian SSR. mzinda wa Kaliningrad mofulumira kwambiri kumangidwanso, anthu kuchokera konsekonse Union nawo liquidation kuwonongeka kuti nkhondoyo wabweretsa.

Pa nthawi, m'dera Kaliningrad ndi yofunika mafakitale ndi achisangalalo dera la Chitaganya cha Russia. Development wa luso lopanga ndi shipbuilding. Kuwonjezera zipilala, panopa pali umboni pang'ono za ulamuliro wakale wa Germany mu dera.

The Mendulo "Pakuti anatenga Königsberg"

Pa miyezi iwiri yokha kuti analanda mzinda wa asilikali a Soviet mwa lamulo la boma USSR wakhazikitsa Mendulo yomasulira Konigsberg. Iwo unayamba kuti azikumbukira chintchito omenyana. Malinga ndi mphoto posiyanitsa anali kukhala gulu anamasulidwa Konigsberg nawo pa 23 January 10 April 1945 monga mbali ya East Prussia mu itachita mumzindawo.

The Mendulo anali zinapangidwa ku mkuwa. Zinali muyezo mtundu wa bwalo. Kuti "Pakuti Jambulani wa Konigsberg" lalembedwa pamaso pa chizindikiro. Iwo chili pamwamba pa nyenyezi, ndi pansi - ndi mlombwa nthambi. Kumbali n'zosiyana lili tsiku pamene anamasulidwa Koenigsberg - April 10, 1945. The awiri a baji pa - 32 mm.

Ili Mendulo izi pachifuwa pake, chizindikiro cha ulemu kwa adani a Budapest ndi pamaso pa Mendulo kwa adani a Vienna. Ndiko iyi anatsatira kuchuluka makalata mfundo.

Mndandanda wa kupereka Mendulo Konigsberg kumasulidwa mamembala

Popeza penipeni, omenyana ambiri kupeza Mendulo yomasulira Konigsberg. Mndandanda wa awardees nthawi zonse kuposa anthu 760.000.

anthu ambiri tsopano sindikukumbukira dzina. Koma pakati analandira Mendulo anthu odziwika bwino, monga Baykov Evgeniy Grigorevich (Sergeant), Lapidus Viktor Lvovich (Lt. Akol) Neplyuev Valentina Fyodorovna (Sergeant), Rozhin Ivan Maksimovic (Sergeant), Statsenko Ivan Denisovich (Chachiwiri msilikali), Utatu Viktor Pavlovich (anga), Hudyakov Nikolay Vasilevich (logwirika), Yanovskiy Petr Grigorevich (msilikali wamkulu), Mashanov Ivan Savvateevich (kapitawo). Kumasulidwa kwa zaka Konigsberg 1944-1945 - nkhani ya aliyense wa iwo. Magazi ndi thukuta la amuna n'kuwaza minda ya East Prussia. Aliyense wa iwo anali nawo anamasulidwa Konigsberg.

Kwambiri masuku pamutu omenyana izi, ndi masauzande amene sitingathe kutchula zina pano. Zikho yomasulira Konigsberg, mbali yaing'ono chabe ya mphoto, amene waweruzidwa nkhondo, pa mtengo wa thanzi lake ndi moyo kuchita ntchito.

Pa nthawi, izi kusiyana mphoto yachibadwa si anachita.

zotsatira

Imodzi ya mphindi chifungulo cha akamaliza Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anali kumasulidwa kwa Konigsberg. Kodi kutsogolo kwa sikelo Kumenyana zinachitika pa dera la East Prussia! Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo Konigsberg ntchito ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha mmene ndi imfa ang'onong'ono ogwira zotheka mzinda bwino zokhalamo.

Ndi chigonjetso cha asilikali Soviet zinali zofunika mu East ntchito Prussian ndi kuonetsetsa njira yoletsedwa ku Berlin. Komanso bwinobwino ndewu pa Konigsberg analola mtsogolo monga mzinda ndi madera ozungulira kuti Russia, zomwe ndi mbali yofunika ya m'dera Kaliningrad ndipo tsopano.

Ndipo, ndithudi, masuku pamutu masauzande ozimitsa kukhetsa magazi awo pa kuukira kwa Konigsberg, sizidzaiwalika. nsembe yawo yaikulu Mama nthawi zonse.