Konigsberg ntchito: kulimbikitsa ntchito ndi zotsatira

Insterburgsko-Konigsberg amanyansidwa anali gawo la ntchito East Prussian. The German High Lamulo kukhwimitsa zonse zotheka pokonzekera kukana yaitali kuti zinthu wazingidwa. Mu Konigsberg anali omwetsera ambiri ndi arsenals, opareshoni mafakitale mobisa.

NKHANI dongosolo German kumbuyo

Oukira kukana analenga mphete atatu. Woyamba unali 6-8 Km from likulu la Koenigsberg. Amaphatikiza kunkhondo, odana thanki dzenje, waya waminga ndi minefields. Panali 15 forts kuti zinamangidwa kumbuyo mu 1882 mu aliyense wa iwo anapezeka ndi anthu 200-500 midzi ya asilikali. ndi 12-15 mfuti. The mphete chachiwiri unkachitikira masamba Konigsberg. Iwo munali nyumba mwala, okwatiranawo, mfundo ndi mfuti pa minefields ndi mfundo mfuti. Pakati pa mzinda unachitikira mphete lachitatu. Pamafunikanso 9 bastions ravelins ndi nsanja, anamanga m'nthawi ya 17 ndi kumangidwanso mu 1843-1873 gg. Konigsberg yokha amatanthauza losakanizika dongosolo mzinda. mbali chapakati inamangidwa kumbuyo mu 1525 dongosolo ake amakhala ngati zozungulira-mphete. Kunja kwa mzinda kumpoto kwa ofala kufanana mawonekedwe, ndi kum'mwera - umasinthasintha. Motero, German chipangizo chitetezo mbali zosiyana mumzinda ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Forts unachitikira pa 6-8 Km from pakati, aikidwa padera pa mtunda wa osapitirira 4 Km. moto mauthenga komanso okonzeka ndi ngalande anakonza pakati pawo. M'madera ena anatenga olimba odana thanki dzenje. m'lifupi ndi 6-10 Km ndi kuya - pafupifupi atatu mamita.

chitetezo zina

Malinga ndi chigawo msewu umakhala pafupi ndi mzinda wa zone lamkati la chitetezo m'gulu zonse nkhope ya ngalande 24 ndi yomanga ya linga. Last chokhudzana ndi mzake ngalande antitank, amene theka wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Kunja ndi mkati chitetezo lamba kugawidwa ndi mphete ziwiri wapakatikati. Aliyense wa iwo analipo 1-2 ngalande mzere, bunkers, pillboxes, amene m'madera ena munali ndi minefields ndi waya waminga.

yowotcha mfundo

Maziko a chitetezo mkati kusanduka kuchokera mfundo amphamvu. Iwo tilankhule wina ndi mnzake ndi mtanda moto munali mokwanira amphamvu antitank ndi antipersonnel mavuto. mfundo amphamvu sizinkayendera pa mphambano za makwalala mu mwala, kwambiri cholimba ndi ndinazolowera makhazikitsidwe chitetezo. The mipata unali pakati pa mfundo zimakhudza munali okwatiranawo, chinjoka mano, chomenyedwa. Pakuti kumanga awo ntchito zipangizo ambiri osiyana. zinthu zingapo kuwombera kulankhula ndi ena, mayunitsi wina anapanga chitetezo. Nawonso, anali m'magulu mizere. bungwe wopereka nyumba chipangizo yowotcha dongosolo kwa ntchito Chigawenga mfuti ndi mabomba ochita kunyanyala. Mfuti ndi mfuti za makina Choncho advantageously pabwino pa apansi m'munsi, mtondo, grenade throwers ndi makina - pamwamba.

Mayikidwe a magulu ankhondo

Konigsberg ntchito mu 1945 kunachitika ndi nawo asilikali a 2 ndi 3 Byelorussian Front pansi K. K. Rokossovskogo ndi I. D. Chernyahovskogo, 43. Army 1 Baltic Front, lotsogoledwa ndi I. H. Bagramyan. The Soviet asilikali ku nyanja lathandiza Baltic zombo pansi asilikali V. F. Tributsa. Nkhondo monga nawo 15 kuphatikiza manja, 1 thanki asilikali, 5 makina ndi thanki Corps, asilikali awiri mpweya. Mu January 1945, ndipo kumbuyo Konigsberg gulu mayunitsi "Center" (kuchokera 26.01 - "North"). Lamulo anasonyeza msilikali-General Reinhardt (kuchokera 26,01 - L. Rendulic). Kulimbikira ku mbali German anapereka 2 kumunda ndi 1 Panzer Army, 1 - Air Force.

dongosolo lamulo

Konigsberg opareshoni, mwachidule chilankhulire, oyembekezeka kudula East Prussian grouping enawo. Ndiye izo anakonza zinali ake ku nyanja ndi chiwonongeko. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Union Army anali kukantha pa nthawi yomweyo kum'mwera ndi kumpoto pamodzi converging mizere. Monga mwa dongosolo ya lamulo, analinso inakonzedwa kugunda Pillai.

Insterburgsko Konigsberg-opareshoni

Yogwira asilikali Union anayamba pa 13 January. 3 Belorussia Front anathyola wamakani kukana Germany anathyola chitetezo 18,01 Numbinnena kumpoto. Asilikali patsogolo kwambiri mu 20-30 Km. 2 Belorussia Front anapita nagonjetsa 14,01. Pambuyo nkhondo ndi kwambiri asilikali anakwanitsa kubooleza chitetezo ndi kukhala pasadakhale mofulumira. Pa nthawi yomweyo 28 TH ndi 5-TH asilikali anamaliza yojambula ake. 19 January 39 TH 43 TH Army analanda Tilsit. Pa nkhondo, mdani gulu anatengedwera ku malo 19-22 January. Usiku 22,01 asilikali Soviet anadzasokoneza Interburga. mzinda anatengedwa m'mawa. January 26 asilikali anafika Baltic Sea kumpoto kwa Elibinga. Kiyi mphamvu German anagawidwa m'magulu osiyana. Mbali ya 2 Army anakwanitsa kusuntha kupitirira Vistula mu Pomerania. Kuwononga mdani, kukankhira kwina m'nyanja, ndinauzidwa mayunitsi a 3 Belorussia Front, amene anathandiza 4 Army 2 kutsogolo. magulu ena anachititsa maphunziro ntchito Konigsberg (chithunzi cha ena mphindi nkhondo anapereka m'nkhani). Gawo lachiwiri la nkhondo inayambika March 13.

Konigsberg ntchito: kusuntha opaleshoni

Ndi March 29 asilikali Soviet anawononga heylsbergskuyu gulu. Pa April 6 anadzasokoneza Konigsberg. Pankhondo nawo mayunitsi wa 3 Belorussia Front analamula Vasilevsky. Iwo chinathandiza Baltic zombo. Konigsberg amanyansidwa anali kumva ndi kukhalapo kwa mphete atatu a chitetezo. Isanayambe zombo kumenya munthu, ndi zida zankhondo katundu zipolopolo pafupi ndi mzindawo ndipo malinga masiku 4, potero kuwononga mdani maofesi yaitali. Kabodzi kene iye Konigsberg ntchito inayambika 6 April. Germany wamakani kukana. Koma pofika kumapeto kwa tsiku la 39 Army anakwanitsa gawanikani chitetezo cha mdani makilomita angapo. Asilikali kudula sitima Konigsberg-Pillau. Panthawi imeneyi, 50 TH 43 TH 11 TH alonda. Army anagumula mphete woyamba kumbuyo. Iwo anakwanitsa kudza pafupi ndi mpanda wa mzindawu. The woyamba anatulukira mu linga la 43. Army. Patapita masiku 2 kunkhondo aukali asilikali Soviet anakwanitsa kutenga sitima ziwirizi ndi doko, zambiri malo mafakitale ndi asilikali. Ntchito yoyamba, amene anali kusankha Konigsberg opareshoni, analikhidwa magulu ankhondo kaboma, yomwe ili pa Samland Peninsula.

Kulunjika cha nkhondoyi

Kufuna magawo Koenigsberg opareshoni, lamulo Soviet woyamba Mzimuyo poyambira mzere kuukira, amene kubisa athandizira ndi oyenda firepower. Ndiye kuti alimbane la nkhondo, ndipo kenako anasamukira mmwamba thanki gawo. Pa kuwombera malo okhazikika akuloza mfuti mwachindunji, bungwe mu mavuto malemba. Kenako, zolinga mayunitsi oyenda, zida zankhondo ndi akasinja, ndiponso bungwe zonse mayunitsi mogwirizana asilikali. Patapita maphunziro mwachidule koma mwachilungamo mokwanira mwachindunji akuloza mfuti pa mbendera ku malo anatsegula moto pa wapezeka yowotcha mfundo makoma ndi mawindo a nyumba, embrasures kuonongeka kwawo. Mzinda poyera ndi kuukira wokonda troopers yamkuntho. Mwamsanga anasamukira ku nyumba muyeso. Pambuyo grenade kuukira analanda dongosolo. Kuthetsa mzinda, asilikali kumenya patsogolo mu mzinda. Asilikali seeped kudzera m'mapaki, misewu, minda, m'mabwalo ndi zina zotero. Anagwira midadada munthu ndi nyumba, magawano yomweyo chinachitika mu chikhalidwe chawo kumbuyo. Azimveka nyumba mwala. Makamaka mosamalitsa zofunikira mzinda wa, moyang'ana ku mbali ya mdani. Mu kumpanda wa, anagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali a Soviet, zida ndi mfundo ulamuliro, izo amalenga chitetezo zozungulira, woikidwa amachititsa posungira wa commandants mfundo. Pamasiku oyamba a kuukira nkhondowo ndege anagwira pafupifupi 14,000 sorties, akuponya kwa malinga ndi asilikali za 3.5 zikwi. Matani mabomba.

Agonje kwa Germany

8,04 Soviet lamulo anatumiza nthumwi kuti linga ndi mwatsatanetsatane n'kutsamira manja. Kwache, nyamalache anakana kupitiriza kukana. Ndi m'mawa wa April 9 mayunitsi zingapo asilikali a anayesetsa kuti asamukire kumadzulo. Koma zochita za 43. Army, madongosolo awa anali analepheretsa. Chifukwa cha mdani sanathenso abuluke mu nzinda. Ndi Samland Peninsula, mbali ya 5 oti muli nazo zida Division anayesa kuukira. Komabe, potsimikizira-nkhonya komanso analibe bwino. Kukhazikitsa ndi nthenda yaikulu ndi ndege Soviet ndi zida zankhondo pa mfundo kupulumuka poteteza German. Division 11 alonda. asilikali anaukira mzinda wa pakati pa zakukanira Germany. Chifukwa, April 9 kaboma anakakamizika mudzipereke.

zotsatira

Konigsberg ntchito amaloledwa kumasula mzinda pamalo abwino ofunika. Unit yaikulu ya East mphamvu Prussian German anawonongedwa. Pambuyo nkhondo, asilikali anakhalabe pa Samland Peninsula. Koma posakhalitsa, ndi gulu ili yathetsedwa. Malinga ndi zikalata Soviet zinachitika 94 chikwi. Achifasizimu, za 42 chikwi. Ntanda mu ukapolo. mayunitsi Soviet analanda oposa 2 zikwi. mfuti mortars 1,600, 128 ndege. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kuwunika zinthu wochitidwa ndi G. Kretinin, misa okwana akaidi nawo za 25-30 zikwi wamba omwe anali mu mfundo msonkhano.. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mu chithunzi limasonyeza mbiri 70,5 zikwi. German asilikali analanda pambuyo nkhondoyo udzatha. Konigsberg ntchito zinali zodzaza ndi makombola mu Moscow. 24 324 mfuti salvo chidaperekedwa. Komanso, utsogoleri wa dziko wakhazikitsa Mendulo, ndi mayunitsi 98 Ankhondo anapatsidwa dzina lakuti "Königsberg". Malinga ndi zikalata Soviet, imfa ya asilikali a Soviet anakwana 3,700 anaphedwa. G. Kretinin limanena kuti ntchito lonse ukonzedwa ndi kuyendetsedwa "osati chiwerengero ndi luso."

Pomaliza

Pa msonkhano wokopa East Prussian asilikali Soviet anasonyeza luso lalikulu ndi ungwazi zapadera. Iwo anakwanitsa kugonjetsa champhamvu mphete kumbuyo, mwamakani ndipo mwaukali kuteteza okha mdani. Kupambana pa ntchito wakhala akwaniritsa ndi nkhondo mokwanira yaitali. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asilikali a Soviet anakwanitsa kutenga East Prussia, kumasula kumpoto Polish gawo.