Kumasulidwa kwa Stalingrad. Zikho yomasulira Stalingrad

Kumasulidwa kwa Stalingrad - ndi zikuluzikulu kumenyana asilikali Soviet ndi cholinga chopulumutsa mzinda kuchokera yaikulu njira gulu German. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti nkhondo ya Stalingrad imatengedwa yaikulu m'dziko nkhondo mbiri ya anthu.

Zimayambitsa Nkhondo ya Stalingrad

April 20, 1942 inatha mu nkhondo oopsa kwa likulu - Moscow. Poyamba zinkaoneka kuti asilikali a ku Germany chabe yosalephera ndiponso n'zosatheka kuswa iwo. Komabe, asilikali a Soviet anatha osati kugonjetsa mdani, komanso kusiya pa 150-300 Km from likulu la Soviet Union. mdani anataya katundu ndithu, komabe anali amphamvu, koma ngakhale izi sizinathandize iye nthawi yomweyo patsogolo m'madera onse a kutsogolo Soviet-German.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Nazi anakamba "Blue Plan". Cholinga chawo chinali anagonjetsa minda mafuta a Grozny ndi Baku, kenako kuukira Persia. Izo ziyenera anati kuti lamulo Soviet sanasangalale pomwepo. Iwo anali akupita kuti kuchititsa tiponye dera Bryansk, ndi South-Western ndi amadzibisa Kumwera. Nkofunika kuti poyamba asilikali Soviet anaukira German ndipo anatha kuwacotsa ku Kharkov. Komabe, Germany anakwanitsa kugonjetsa Red Army ndi kupita Don.

kulakwitsa Hitler mu "Plan Blue"

Nkofunika kuti nthawi imeneyi kwambiri Hitler anachita mpaka kalekale lonse la Germany. Iye anaganiza kukonzanso ndi "Blue Baibulo", chimene gulu la asilikali "South" chidagawika 2. Iye anakhulupirira kuti gulu loyamba "A" anayenera kupita pa tiponye Caucasus, pamene gulu "B" anali kuukira n'kuulanda Stalingrad.

Mzinda uwu unali wofunika kwambiri Hitler, chifukwa kuti Stalingrad anali mafakitale pakati yaikulu. Komabe, pali chifukwa china: ndi adani a Stalingrad wophiphiritsa kwa iye, chifukwa mzinda unatchedwa mdani yaikulu ya ulamuliro wa Hitler. The adani a Stalingrad kuti Hitler mungagwire ntchito yotamandika yaikulu.

Kumasulidwa kwa Stalingrad zinali mokondwa ndi sanaiwale ndipo sizidzaiwalika. Kulimba mtima Red woyenera ulemu, chifukwa iwo anali kuteteza kwawo ndi sakanakhala wololera kuti uzipereke izo mmanja mwa adani.

Kudalirika kwa Red Army pa Nazi

Izo ziyenera kuti chiwerengero cha asilikali German nthawi zambiri kuposa chiwerengero cha asilikali Red Army. The Germany anali 270 000 asilikali, pamene chiwerengero cha asilikali Soviet analipo anthu 160 okha 000. Mfuti ndipo zida za nkhondo analinso m'munsi kwambiri koposa la mdani. Ndi nambala ngati m'goli la asilikali ndi zida kuumirizidwa kuteteza Stalingrad Red Army. Nkofunika kuti vuto lina linali m'dera steppe, chifukwa akasinja mdani amatha ntchito pano mu mphamvu.

The kuukira Stalingrad. Gawo loyamba

July 17, 1942 a Nazi anayamba nagonjetsa pa Stalingrad. Ndi July 22 asilikali German anakwanitsa pothamangitsa Red Army pafupifupi 70 Km. Lamulo German ankafuna kutenga mzinda ndi mphezi, anaganiza kukhazikitsa magulu nkhondo ziwiri, amene akuukira kum'mwera ndi kumpoto.

July 23 gulu kumpoto anaukira anatha anagumula kutsogolo kwa chitetezo wa asilikali Soviet. Kale pa July 26 Germany anafika Don. Lamulo anakonza counterattack.

Pa gawo la Kalach, m'midzi ndi Trohostrovskaya Kachalin kwa August 7-8 inatenga kumenyana aukali. asilikali Soviet anakwanitsa yekha kuti amasule Nazi, koma za kukunda iwo ayi. Mlingo wa maphunziro ndi mgwirizano zolakwa yaikulu njira ya nkhondoyi.

Zolawula Aug. 30

Lamulo Soviet analamula kuti aukire asilikali German pafupi ndi mudzi wa Nizhne-Chirskaya pasanafike 30 August. Red karate mwayi akuvutika chifukwa cha chinkhoswe ndi kusuntha, koma anakwanitsa adzawathamangitsa Anazi ndipo ngakhale loopsa malo awo. Koma asilikali a ku Germany akadali anathandiza gulu lake. Iwo anayambitsa asilikali watsopano, ndiyeno kumenyana pa Stalingrad anayamba aukali.

Kumasulidwa kwa Stalingrad - Battle, amene ankaona yaikulu ya nkhondo dziko. Pakuti nthawi zonse anatenga masauzande moyo, chifukwa iye anali atakhetsa misozi yambiri amayi, ana ndi akazi. The mtima wa asilikali Soviet tidzakhalabe mitima ya aliyense muyaya.

Pa August 16, asilikali Soviet anabwerera kupitirira Don, ndi kale August 23, dziko la Germany anafika Volga.

Nkhondo kwa Stalingrad mu

Kenako, 5, ndiyeno 18 September, Red Army anakwanitsa kumasula alimbane la asilikali German onyamula awiri ntchito yaikulu.

Pa September 13 nkhondo inayambika mu mzinda, chimene chinafika mpaka 19 November. Ndiye asilikali Soviet linakhazikitsa counteroffensive.

Nkhondo pa malo anali aukali kwambiri kuyambira September 17, kangapo wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja.

Aukali kumenyana umayambira 27 September 4 October. Zinali nthawi imeneyi inatenga ndewu zimenezo zimene aliyense amadziwa. Amayambitsa kwambiri maganizo komanso zokhumba, ngakhale munthu ndi misempha amphamvu. Pambuyo ndewu awa mphamvu German anayamba "kuthamangitsidwa nthunzi."

Opaleshoni kumasula Stalingrad sadzalekerera aliyense osayanjanitsika munthu. Mphamvu ndi kulimba mtima wa asilikali Soviet zimapangitsa kutama iwo.

Opaleshoni "Uranus"

November 19 Red Army unkatchedwa amanyansidwa pansi pa dzina "Uranus".

December 12 anayamba ntchito pansi pa dzina "Zima Mphepo". Pambuyo a ku Germany anabwerera ku malo oyambirira, mphamvu zawo wotopa, ndipo ankhondo anavutika zomvetsa yaikulu.

January 10, 1943 anayamba ntchito "mphete", umene unali wotsiriza. asilikali German kufikira otsiriza, ndipo kuchokera pa 17 kufika 22 January iwo anachita kuletsa Red Army.

1943 - chaka cha kumasulidwa kwa Stalingrad. February 2 nkhondo mzindawo ndi kuthatha tsopano ndi Germany anagonjetsedwa.

Wosangalatsa chifukwa onse anali kumasulidwa yaitali. Nkhondo ya Stalingrad kunali koopsa kwambiri. Onse Soviet ndi German mphamvu zowawa yaikulu zomvetsa. Nkhondo imeneyi sangathe kukhala opanda chidwi kuti aliyense mwamtheradi. The ungwazi ndi mtima wa Red Army ayenera kukhala woyamikiridwa. Ngakhale kuti asilikali a ku Germany anali amphamvu manambala ndi maphunziro, asilikali a Red Army akadali anatha kuonetsa kulasa onse ndi kulimba mtima mu nkhondo ya Stalingrad.

Mudzasangalale olandiridwa ndipo anali kumasulidwa amunamuna a Stalingrad. Photo Battle chidwi ndi kupereka maganizo onse a asilikali. mphamvu zapadera zithunzi zimene asilikali a Soviet chikondwerero chigonjetso. Iwo sizingafanane ndi ntchito iliyonse luso, chifukwa chenicheni mtima anthu opatsirana mu chithunzi, sangathe kukhala opanda chidwi kuti aliyense mwamtheradi.

Zikho yomasulira Stalingrad

Dziwani kuti nkhondo ya Stalingrad ankaona yaikulu komanso aukali. ophunzira onse a chitetezo cha mzindawo analandira Mendulo yomasulira Stalingrad. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti kupereka osati Red Army asilikali apanyanja ndi NKVD asilikali, komanso anthu wamba omwe anatenga nawo mbali pa chitetezo cha mzindawo ndi nkhondo aukali pa Stalingrad.

Nkhondo imeneyi kunasintha mu zochita nkhondo, ndipo kuti pambuyo asilikali ake German anataya kanthu njira. Kumasulidwa kwa Stalingrad adzatsala nthawi yaitali mu kukumbukira, chifukwa zimenezi, chiwerengero cha zomvetsa anthu ndi chisoni sangathe kuiwala.