Mapangidwe, Nkhani
Dongosolo atsamunda: zochitika ndi mfundo
mbiri World lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zochitika, maina masiku, amene anaikidwa angapo kapena mazana mabuku osiyanasiyana. olemba osiyana ndi maganizo pa zinthu zina, koma iwo kugawana mfundo kuti pena kuuzidwa. Mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi pali zochitika kuti amaoneka kamodzi kokha ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi ena, kuoneka kangapo, koma kwa kanthawi chabe. Chimodzi mwa zinthuzo - dongosolo la chitsamunda. M'nkhaniyi tiona kufotokoza chomwe icho chiri, kumene waperekedwa monga chinthu chakale.
Kodi dongosolo atsamunda?
World atsamunda dongosolo, kapena colonialism - vuto pamene anayamba mafakitale, chikhalidwe, ndi zachuma mbali ya dziko kugonjetsa dziko lonse lapansi (mayiko zochepa otukuka, kapena mayiko lachitatu).
Ulamuliro nthawi anaika pambuyo kuukira zida kugonjetsa dziko. Kulankhula mu kubzala mfundo za chuma ndi ndale ndiponso malamulo alipo.
Zimenezi zinachitika liti?
Zoyambira za dongosolo atsamunda anaonekera m'ma 15, M'badwo wa Apeza, pamodzi ndi kutsegula kwa India ndi America. Ndiye lotseguka m'madera zamakolo ankayenera kuti azindikire chapamwamba zamakono za alendo. Woyamba madera weniweni inakhazikitsidwa ndi Spain m'zaka 17. Pang'onopang'ono anayamba kukatenga ndi kufalitsa kukopa kwake Great Britain, France, Portugal, ndi Netherlands. Kenako, United States ndi Japan nawo.
Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 kwambiri dziko linagawanika pakati mphamvu kwambiri. Russia ndi kukhala wochitachita mu kulamulira, koma m'madera ena oyandikana komanso kuponderezedwa.
Wina amene anali?
Wa dziko zotsimikizika njira ya chitukuko cha njuchi. Monga momwe dongosolo atsamunda waperekedwa, tebulo pansipa angakuuzeni zabwino.
| State mzindawo | States njuchi | Kuchira nthawi mphamvu ya |
| Spain | Mayiko a ku Central ndi South America, Asia Southeast, | chaka cha 1898 |
| Portugal | America South, South-West Africa | 1975 |
| United Kingdom | The Isles British, North America, Middle East, Africa, Asia Southeast, India, Australia ndi Oceania | Mochedwa 40 - oyambirira 60 ntchentche. m'ma XX. |
| France | North ndi ku Central America, North ndi Africa Central, ndi Middle East, Oceania, Indochina | Mochedwa 40 - oyambirira 60 ntchentche. m'ma XX. |
| United States | Central ndi South America, Oceania, Africa | The cha m'ma XX. Mayiko ena samabwera kuchokera ukutitsogolera akadali |
| Russia | Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, Central Asia, Far East | 1991 |
Panalinso ang'onoang'ono njuchi, koma mapulogalamu tebulo amene atengera aliyense kupatula Antarctica, ndi Antarctica, chifukwa iwo analibe zipangizo, ndi nsanja chitukuko cha mafakitale, chuma, ndi moyo. Anakwanitsa madera kudzera kukhala kazembe wa abwanamkubwa matauni za dziko kapena mwa kupezeka pa iwo monga madera.
mbali khalidwe nyengo
Mu nthawi ya colonialism ali makhalidwe ake kuti:
- zochita onse umalimbana kukhazikitsa okhawo malonda madera atsamunda, T. E., The mzinda wa dziko ankafuna njuchi anakhazikitsa asapita malonda yekha ndi iwo ndipo palibe wina,
- kuukira zida looting a mitundu yonse, kenako subordination awoawo,
- ntchito kapolo ndi mitundu ang'onoang'ono yokumba wa anthu amene ankawalamulira, amene adapanga iwo pafupifupi akapolo.
Zikomo kuti lamuloli m'mayiko amene wogwidwa madera mofulumira anatuluka nkhokwe likulu, amene anawalola kuti atenge malo kutsogolera dziko. Choncho, chifukwa cha madera ndi ndalama zawo kudzera England wakhala dziko ambiri otukuka a nthawi.
Kodi anathyola?
The atsamunda dongosolo la dziko anakomoka nthawi yomweyo, imodzi. Zimenezi zinachitika pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yaikulu ya imfa ya chikoka pa madera mayiko unachitika mu kutha kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World (1941-1945 gg.), T. Kuti. Anthu amakhulupirira zimene mukhoza kukhala wopanda chinyengo ndi ulamuliro pa gawo la dziko lina.
Penapake kuchokera ukutitsogolera zinachitika mwamtendere, kudzera mwa mapangano ndi kusaina mapangano, ndi zina - kudzera asilikali ndi kanthu zigawenga zambiri. M'mayiko ena African ndi Oceanic adakali pansi ulamuliro wa United States, koma samaona chinyengo monga izo zinali mu zaka 18-19.
Zotsatira za dongosolo atsamunda
Dongosolo atsamunda si mwapadera zabwino kapena zoipa chitukuko cha anthu padziko lonse. Iye wakhala mbali zabwino ndi zoipa m'mayiko matauni, ndi kwa amene ankawalamulira. Kutha kwa dongosolo atsamunda zinachititsa kuti mavuto ena.
Chifukwa malo mzinda, iwo anali motere:
- kusiya mu ubongo yekha kupanga malo a misika atsamunda ndi chuma, choncho, kusowa zolimbikitsa,
- Msungidwe likulu mu ankawalamulira likuvutika dziko mayi,
- ndi kwanthawi mpikisano ndi chitukuko cha m'mayiko ena chifukwa cha nkhawa ankawalamulira.
Pakuti ankawalamulira:
- m'chiwonongeko ndi chitayiko wa Chikhalidwe ndi moyo, chiwonongeko chotheratu cha mitundu ina;
- anawonongera wa nkhokwe zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe;
- ndichepe mu anthu m'dera la ankawalamulira likuvutika kuukira mzinda, miliri, njala ndi zina zotero etc..
- maonekedwe a makampani awo ndi anzeru;
- zikamera wa maziko a tsogolo palokha chitukuko cha dziko.
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