Mwachidule yonena Ivana Groznogo

Wambiri Ivana Groznogo osachepera zongomva amadziwika kuti pafupifupi aliyense, ndipo osati Russia, komanso alendo. Izi wotchuka anthu amakopeka ndi ofufuza, ndi anthu, ndi luso losiyanasiyana.

Woyamba Russian Tsar, Kalonga wa Moscow ndipo onse Russia, Ivan IV anabadwa pa 25 August 1530. mayi ake, Mfumukazi Glinskaya, anabereka mwana Kolomenskoye. Atate Ivana Groznogo, Prince Vasily III wa anabadwira ku Rurik mafumu. Makolo mfumuyo inafa pamene anali mwana. Mu zaka 3, Ivan analengeza mfumu.

Wambiri Ivana Groznogo monga mfumu inayamba kovuta. Iye anali mwana, kotero mphamvu zonse anali m'manja mwa mayi ndi Boyarka Duma. Boyars kwenikweni analamulira mpaka 1548. Ivan ubwana wadutsa mu kotentha. Pamaso wake zinachitika intrigue, coups kunachitika, panali nkhondo lolimba kwa mphamvu (pakati Shuisky ndi Belsky). Kungoganiza Ivan mwana olemekezeka sanali kulabadira kwa izo, musamvere maganizo a anzake anaphedwa ndi mfumu inangoima umphawi. Mwanayo adakula aukali, oyambirira atamva kuti alange nyama. Kale nthawi kuti anaonekera kukayikirana ndi kubwezera.

Mwachidule yonena Ivana Groznogo yafupika, kani, chithunzi cha chifaniziro kuposa bwanji ndi zochitika zomwe limodzi moyo wake. Iye anali wophunzira kwambiri, anali kukumbukira kwambiri. Kuyambira ali mwana ankalota udindo wake ndi kudzakhala mphamvu chenicheni. Anali, anaika pamwamba pa zonse kuphatikizapo malamulo onse a makhalidwe abwino.

1547 ndi chaka, pamene mbiri Ivana Groznogo monga autocrat ndi. Pa January 16, boma la Russia ndi Mfundo Cathedral unachitikira ukwati wake kulamulira. Iye anakhala mfumu yoyamba amene anaikira mu manja a ulamuliro boma lonse. Poyambirira, pamaso pake, panalibe autocracy mu Russia. Tsopano zonse, kuphatikizapo boyars chinayenera kumvera chifuniro cha mfumu. Koma akalonga a pachikhalidwe, amene mpaka posachedwapa anali olamulira wodzilamulira mu maukulu zawo anakaniza. Chifukwa cha Ivan IV anayambitsa oprichnina - ndi lolimba ndiponso mopitiriza muyezo wa kulimbana ndi apamwamba.

mfundo yachilendo ya Ivan ndi chidali alibe bwino. Pa 1558 - 1583 zaka za anapitiriza Livonia nkhondo, imene inatha mu kugonjetsedwa kwa Moscow ndi imfa ya dziko Russian.

History Ivana Groznogo boma Russian inali nthawi yapadera. The zotsatira za ulamuliro wake dziko anali maganizo ndithu. Pa dzanja limodzi, iye anatha centralize boma, chimene chiri chofunika kulimbitsa chikumbumtima cha anthu ngati mzika za dziko lina. Komano, nyengo ichi chidali chovuta kwambiri kwa anthu. Oprichnina kungasokoneze chuma, kwambiri malo chabe kuwononga. Pamene Ivan m'khutu analimbitsa serfdom. Mu mu 1581 iye anayambitsa "choletsedwa zaka" - alimi yoletsedwa ku tsiku St. George kutali ndi makamu. Mu 1578 mfumu anasiya kuphedwa, ndi 1579 walapa nkhanza zawo.

Wambiri Ivana Groznogo chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula chakuti mfumu inali ndi akazi asanu. Kuyambira pachiyambi, Anastasia Romanovna, iye anali ndi ana awiri, wamwamuna m'modzi wa iwowa - Maria Feodorovna Nagaya. Ndiponso, munali ana atatu: Anna, Maria ndi Evdokia.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa mfumu anali kudwala asanafe sankakhoza kuyenda. March 18, 1584 m'khutu anafa. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti pomudyetsanso poizoni. Ivan Grozny anaikidwa m'manda pafupi ndi mwana wake Ivan namupha mu Angelo Cathedral. Rurik mafumu lafupika chifukwa Fedor, mwana wamng'ono wa mfumu pa mpando wachifumu kwa nthawi yochepa ndipo sanasiye mwana. Nthawi ya Mavuto anayamba.