Kodi Chernobyl "Doug"? mafotokozedwe

Kodi Chernobyl "Doug?" Kodi ntchito? Awa ndi mafunso ena m'nkhani. Megapolis Chernobyl-2 lili kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa tauni yaing'ono ya Chornobyl Polissya, koma pa mapu mtunda palibe. Kusanthula mapu, mungapeze malo a mzinda lili mzere wa kudutsa m'nkhalango kapena zizindikiro matabwa kwa ana, koma popanda kutchula nyumba luso kapena m'tawuni. Mu Soviet Union tinatha kubisa chinsinsi, makamaka nkhondo.

Duga

Kodi anali Chernobyl "Doug?" Only kuyambira Chernobyl ngozi kugwa anthu Soviet anaphunzira za pamaso pa asilikali ankhondo (tauni yaing'ono) mu nkhalango ya Polesie, amene ankasakidwa "danga kufufuza." M'zaka za m'ma lomaliza makumi asanu ndi awiri a ife analenga wapadera machitidwe asilikali Rada zimene zinali zotheka kuti penyani Launch ya chida intercontinental ndi zotheka m'dziko mdani. Iwo anali anatulukira dzina Rada siteshoni kaja Rada (Duga).

Chernobyl "Arc" anali kukula yaikulu kwambiri kulandira tinyanga ndi masts, chofunika yaikulu anthu oti nkhokwe - pafupifupi 1,000 asilikali anagwira tcheru uyu malo. tauni yaing'ono analengedwera kwa asilikali ndi mabanja awo, ndi msewu okha, amatchedwa "msewu Kurchatov".

Chigamulo popanga kaja Rada dongosolo "Doug nambala 1" (pafupi ndi mzinda wa Chernobyl) Analeredwa pamaziko a zochita boma kuchokera 1972 January 18, 1975 April 14.

Kale mu 1976 zinali zofunika kwambiri Rada wagawo wokwera Duga Chernobyl-2. Kukuthandiza mlengi Duga ku Chernobyl-2 anali losatha wailesi SRI (NIIDAR). Waukulu kudzoza ndi malingaliro Mlengi Duga anali Kuz'minskii Franz.

mayeso

Mayesero kwa "Dougie" The Commission Chernobyl State wapanga mu 1979. Akatswiri amanena kuti pamene kukonzekera mayeso, anali kuthetsa angapo mavuto luso amene anatuluka chifukwa kumayambiriro wapadera kwathunthu, latsopano, chosasimbika zambiri ndalama lonse.

Pa mayesero amene wapezeka imalankhula ya maroketi chonyamulira ndi mivi ballistic kuchokera kum'mawa US chida malo, anayendera adequacy cha zigawo za pa maziko a kudziwika imalankhula okhudzidwa nkhondo intercontinental US.

Pa nthawi yomweyo zolakwika kapangidwe anali kudziŵika zimene zinaphatikizapo kupanda khalidwe kudziwika mipherezero limodzi ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono a ntchito. Apamwamba Duga ntchito anali akwaniritsa okha zinthu za nkhonya yamphamvu ya mdani intercontinental mivi zotheka.

Malinga ndi chigamulo cha boma cha 1982, pa May 30, ngakhale ena zinchito kutanthauzira, izo walandiridwa mu chitukuko ndi mayesero 1982. The Chernobyl Duga.

Pa nthawiyi, ndiAmene wa zovuta anali kupereka Mphamvu - Danilov B. M., Vasenev VN Krokunov Yu M., Dubrovskiy N. F., ndi ena..

mavuto

Chernobyl "Doug" - ndicho malo chodabwitsa. Limodzi zinamangidwa awiri zambiri maofesi amenewa m'mizinda ya Komsomolsk pa-Amur ndi Nikolaev. Ndi chiyambi cha machitidwe a makhazikitsidwe anali mavuto ena. Kunapezeka kuti ena mwa mafurikwense opaleshoni zipangizo Rada anali pamodzi ndi nsomba zombo zipangizo ndi Civil Aviation wa mphamvu European. USSR anali officious chithandizo ku mayiko a azungu kuti zoikamo bwanji chitetezo cha zombo mpweya ndi kampani kutumiza.

USSR anapita kunyengerera ndi ntchito anasiya mafurikwense ntchito. Akatswiri ntchito anafunitsitsa kuthetsa kuipa ntchito makina ounikira. Okonza ndi asayansi anathana, ndipo mu 1985, pambuyo Mokweza ndi tinganene anayamba pochitika Gospriomku.

achoke

Anthu ambiri amafunsa kuti: Chernobyl "Doug" - kumbuyo mamangidwe? Pambuyo 1986 Chernobyl ngozi anachitika, Duga kuchotsedwa ulonda nkhondowo ndi zida mothballed. anthu wamba ndipo asilikali anali anasamutsidwa kuchoka ku deralo zakhudzana ndi cheza.

Pamene nkhondo ndi utsogoleri Soviet anazindikira lonse la kuwononga chilengedwe, anaganiza (mu 1987) kuchotsa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri ndi kachitidwe mu mzinda wa Komsomolsk pa-Amur.

Mwachitsanzo, osowa malo amene amapereka malo chishango cha dziko Soviet watha ntchito, ndiponso mzinda ndi zomangamanga ake wawaiwala ndipo anasiya.

okwerera tsoka

Chernobyl "Doug" - ndichiyani kwenikweni? "Doug" (5N32) - Soviet-kaja Rada siteshoni kumangira kudziwika oyambirira ballistic intercontinental mzinga, zimene zinanenedwa pamwamba. Pali okwerera osachepera atatu amenewa:

• Experimental zovuta "Arc-N" Nikolaeva za 47 ° 02'28 "p. yakumadzulo. 32 ° 11'57 "a. d. HG NW cholinga mlengi mkulu F. A. Kuzminskim. Iwo anawachotsa mu 2000.
• The Chernobyl zone "Arc № 1" (kusodza Chernobyl-2) 51 ° 18'19 "p. yakumadzulo. 30 ° 03 "57" kuti. d. HG NW ndi 51 ° 38 '15 ", p. yakumadzulo. 30 ° 42'10 "kuti. d. HG NW. Pambuyo wamakono mayesero boma analephera (zaka 1985-1986). Mu 1986, 26 April, anasiya chifukwa cha ngozi Chernobyl. Mbali ya zida anali kuwatumiza ku Komsomolsk pa-Amur, zimene zinanenedwa pamwamba.
• M'mudzi wa Big Cartel, pafupi Komsomolsk pa-Amur 50 ° 53'34 "ndi. yakumadzulo. 136 ° 50'12 "a. d. HG NW ndi 50 ° 23'07 "p. yakumadzulo. 137 ° 19'41 "a. D NW HG -. anafuna okha phwando chizindikiro. Kupatsira m'munsi anaikidwa padziko pakanema Lian-2. Kuchotsedwa nkhondowo wotchi mu 1989, pa November 14, chifukwa kusintha kwa nyengo. Today anagwetsa.

kamangidwe

Mu chithunzi Chernobyl "Doug" zikuwoneka yaikulu. Zinali chinsinsi kwathunthu chinthu 1980s ndi, kutsatira zinthu okwera pa mtunda wa 900 kwa 3000 kukafika mu dera circumpolar. Mothandizidwa ndi kudula-m'mphepete ndi wamphamvu pa nthawi ya makina ounikira, asilikali chasanduka kunja, m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu, kuyang'ana akutali.

Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa, zovuta uyu dzina lake "Duga 1". Izo analengedwa ndi anthu okonza ndi kutukula: Pin Yefim Kuz'minskii Franz efa Shustov, V. Shamshin V. Vasiukov.

kapangidwe

Gwirizanani, wokongola chidwi kuphunzira ponena za Chernobyl "Dougie." Rada ake unagwira ntchito pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana 5-28 MHz.

Pa magawo enieni geometrical wa Duga kovuta kulankhula. Information zilipo poyera mabuku n'kosathandiza komanso mwina olakwika. Tinyanga anapangidwa pa mfundo za phased lomenyera mlongoti. Popeza mawu amenewo lonse pafupipafupi gulu, mlongoti wina mwina alipo, buku lonse lagawidwa pawiri, ndi mlongoti magulu anapezanso awiri:

• Mkulu-pafupipafupi mlongoti Chernobyl "Arc" anali kutalika 250 mamita ndi 100 mamita mu msinkhu. Pa maps of m'litali ndi 230 m.
• Low-pafupipafupi mlongoti :. Msinkhu wa masts 135 150 m, kutalika - kuchokera 300 mpaka 500 mamita Maps m'litali ndi 460 m.

Ndi magawo awa, kapangidwe limaonekera kuchokera pafupifupi kulikonse mu Chernobyl osati malo. Kufupi ndi siteshoni inali obliquely ionospheric-kubwerera "Circle," chomwe ndi wothandiza kwa Duga, ndi kupoletsa deta panopa pa ndime ya mphepo, amasamukira pakati pawo, pafupipafupi kusankha mulingo woyenera lonse.

Chernobyl "Arc" Rada kokha anafuna kulandira chizindikiro. pakati wailesi inali kufupi ndi mudzi wa Rassudovo 60 Km from Chernobyl-2 pafupi ndi tauni Ljubech (Chernihiv dera). Kupatsira tinyanga ali anapanga pa mfundo za phased lomenyera mlongoti ndipo ndi miyeso ang'onoang'ono: msinkhu wawo unali wofanana 85 mamita B / h, malinga E. Shevchenko, izo anali kusungunuka mu chaka cha 1988 ..

Complete kutsekedwa kwa Chernobyl-2 zomangamanga mzinda sanali yomweyo ikuchitika: ntchito yolalikira inaimitsidwa mpaka 1987. Koma pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti zikhalidwe za kupatuka pa sikutheka ntchito woyendera nthambi. Duga mayunitsi zofunika anali anawachotsa ndipo kuchotsedwa.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Kutalika kwa Chernobyl "Dougie" kukwapula lililonse. Pa nkhani imeneyi filimu The Russian Woodpecker inajambulidwa mu 2015, zomwe ndi bwino zopelekedwa akunja filimu chikondwerero "Sundance" anali kupereka kwa loweruza chachikulu.

Pakuti lililonse oganiza efa (opangidwa pamene kugogoda), "Doug," anayamba kuitana Russian Woodpecker ( "Russian Woodpecker").

"Russian Woodpecker"

Kotero, inu mukudziwa kuti kutalika kwa Chernobyl "Dougie" anali zoopsa. mu atomu Choyamba wailesi ya chinthu chimenechi chinayamba mu 1976, pa 4 July. Iwo kungapondereze pa dziko pa wailesi osiyanasiyana MHz 3 30. Nyemba anagawira pa intervals wa limodzi la magawo khumi la lachiwirilo. Signal kulembetsa zinachitikadi osati zipangizo zina zapadera anamveka mu transistor ophweka monga akututuma kugogoda.

M'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse pa "Woodpecker Russian" zinkagwera zikwi madandaulo kuchokela wamba ntchito zofufuzafufuza wailesi ndi makampani. Popeza "Arc" anagogoda mafurikwense kuti anali pansi pa chitetezero cha mapangano padziko lonse mowa wamba, akuluakulu a US, Canada ndi UK anagamula Soviet Union anatsutsa. Koma Soviet Union sanamvere ngakhale kuti, "Woodpecker" akhalipo.

World Association of Amateurs wailesi anafuna ngakhale kupondereza "Russian Woodpecker" mwa kuyesa wailesi spikes amakona anayi zosiyaniratu pafupipafupi yemweyo kuti pasakhale chotchinga woodpecker transistor USSR. Koma kuyesa izi sizinali bwino.

Pa poika "Russian Woodpecker" anthu anayamba maganizo osiyana. Choncho, ngakhale akuluakulu lolemekezeka takambiranazi chiphunzitso zochita. Mmodzi mwa akatswiri a Unduna wa silikhali ananena kuti mbendera "Russian woodpecker" Champhamvu kwambiri gwero la cheza mu atomu kuti nthawi zonse zinalengedwa mwa munthu. Iye ananena kuti gwero la psychoactive, popeza ali Watts 40 miliyoni ndipo nyemba 10 pa mphindi. Anachita chidwi ndi chakuti mphamvu izi ankalankhula kwa Soviet Union ndipo amalimbikitsa zonse mu United States. Shtatovskih Federal Commission Kulumikizana kufunsitsa ikuchitika mu 1988 ndipo pamapeto, cholinga chenicheni cha 'Arc.

phunziro

zotheka zina zimene ntchito "Russian woodpecker" ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi zoopsa pa kutsitsimuka kwa misa mwakhama kuphunzira Western mabungwe nzeru, kwambiri kupenda ndi "Arc" monga zida mayeso USSR. malingaliro amenewa anali bwino anakhazikitsa, monga kale kusanthula zosiyanasiyana mphamvu cheza magnetoelectric kwa zaka zambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, wasayansi Tesla m'nthawi oyambirira ntchito wirelessly kutumiza magetsi, chifukwa chimene magetsi inasokoneza ndi mazana a moto nkhalango zachitika chifukwa chiphaliwali. Mu "Spekyula" deta magazini kafukufuku afalitsidwa kuti anapeza kuti ena chizindikiro pafupipafupi magneto akhoza kudzera lapansi.

Ozama mu pamwamba pake pa makona a madigiri 30, ali kwambiri mafunde lapansi amapanga ubwenzi kuti anapanga ndi mafunde panamveka ndi red-hot maziko a dziko. Chifukwa cha zimenezi zingaoneke mikuntho mumlengalenga ndi zivomezi.

Malinga ndi malipoti, ndi Norwegians akhazikitsa siteshoni wamphamvu wailesi, cheza magnetoelectric amene chingayambitse zachilengedwe ionosphere osalunjika amene amachepetsa ntchito wabwinobwino wa mfundo ya "Dougie."

Mbali ina ya kafukufuku wakhala chinthu chizindikiro kufala zokhudza psyche anthu.

mokoma

Ntchito yomanga siteshoni pafupi Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi anafotokoza kuti zili ake chidwi mphamvu. Data pa "Chernobyl-2" nthawi zonse ankachita siteshoni lamulo, pamene pa nkhondowo ntchito zonse kunachitika chinthu nthawi kukhalabe: hotela kuimirira ndi ntchito usana ndi usiku. Kuphatikizapo akatswiri ofufuza.

Pa malo mu 1990s oyambirira moto chinachitika, chifukwa cha zimene m'munsi unatha ntchito yake mu dongosolo chenjezo oyambirira.

Woyamba zotsatira za siteshoni Chernobyl ku mbali ya njirazo zimachitika-kumpoto analephera. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa zisoti kumalo ozizira, kumukakamiza chisokonezo ionospheric ndi zinthu zina chokhwima m'madera kumalo ozizira ndi kumalo ozizira a Mwina kupeza zida imalankhula anali ochepa. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndi mfundo "Ljubech-1" Bwererani rework. Pa zinachitikadi otchedwa akukuta "kumalo ozizira" pulogalamu. Kutukula amanena kuti kumalizitsa ntchito zotsatira zake zinali zabwino.

Mwa njira, kompyuta mgwirizano anali 1S31G cipher. Computer K-340A kwa processing mbendera opangidwa ndi zigawo apawokha. zida kufala anafuna makina zomanga zomera Dnipropetrovsk, ndipo inkakhala okwerera 26 wailesi, kukula kwa aliyense amene anali awiri-storey nyumba.

filimu

Tanena kale pamwambapa chimene chinapangidwa za Chernobyl "Doug" Doc. filimu. Zokopa filimu "Russian Woodpecker" amalimbana kwambiri kufufuza za njira ya Chernobyl ngozi, komwe kunachitika mu 1986, pa 26 April. wotsogolera ake ndi American Chad Gracia. The protagonist wa kupenta wojambula Fedor Aleksandrovich, kupenda Union dongosolo opondereza zikutsimikizira kuti ngozi izi sizinali mwangozi.

mfundo zothandiza mu filimu kwambiri - bwino, mmodzi wa anthu ofunsidwawo anena kuti kukonza ngozi Chernobyl akanatha aliyense ambiri ndodo ya njira zosiyanasiyana.