Viking nkhondo nkhwangwa. Kodi kupanga Viking nkhwangwa

Nkhwangwa - mmodzi wa mitundu yofala zitsulo ozizira kalelo. Zinali mtengo kwambiri ndipo enanso abwino kwambiri kuposa lupanga, kupanga amene anatenga ndalama yaikulu ya chitsulo chofunika, ndi kuphana mphamvu chilichonse iye sanali concede. A chitsanzo mtundu wa chida - nkhwangwa Viking, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Kodi anapita kunkhondo nkhwangwa?

Yomweyi pa nthawi anatenga kumenyana ndi banja mipeni? nkhwangwa wakale pa makono "ana" ake anali ngati lakutali kwambiri: kuyiwala za chidutswa cha wakuthwa mwala chamangiriridwa chingwe mtengo! Nthawi zambiri iwo anali mu mawonekedwe a mokhomerera chomenyedwa, anapachikidwa pa ndodo. Ndithu chabe, poyamba nkhwangwa sanali kutema ndi mtundu yosamveka wa chida.

Ndipo iyesedwa yolungama. Tayerekezerani ndi woonda pakachitsulo yopyapyala anawomberedwa mmwamba: Kodi n'chiyani chidzachitikire wake ngati mwini anagunda chishango, mtengo kapena mwala? Ndiko kulondola, ndi chida adzakhala tiwonana, chifukwa mchere izi Chimaona kwambiri. Ndipo ali pakati pa nkhondo! Choncho Kamenyuki, anapachikidwa pa olimba kutsinde - kwambiri wodalirika kwambiri chida. Ndipo nkhwangwa maonekedwe akanakhoza kuoneka pokhapokha anthu katswiri ndizosowa zokhomakhoma.

mfundo zofunika

Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, Viking nkhwangwa, ngakhale kwambiri pangozi maonekedwe, chinali lalikulu. Zolemba - magalamu 600, panonso. Komanso, ogwira ntchito konse okovyvalos chitsulo! Choyamba, chitsulo ntchito ndalama mtengo kwambiri. Kachiwiri, izo zimapangitsa ankawonjezereka nkhwangwa, ndi chida chachikulu mu nkhondo yaitali zingachititse kuti imfa ya mwini.

Wina olakwika nthawi yathu - "Nkhwangwa - Chida wamba." Monga, "munthu-lokhudza" nzika zonse za Scandinavia ntchito malupanga. Ndi - kuchokera gulu la Hollywood nthano za Scandinavia. Nkhwangwa zambiri zothandiza mosavuta, zilibe kumva chisoni kutaya mu kutentha kwa nkhondo. Good ngati lupanga la "zabwino" mtengo chitsulo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuti akatswiri kudziwa kuti tsiku atha kupeza nthawi akutali yekha wa zida zotere.

Chitsimikizo cha ichi - anapeza manda a atsogoleri a asilikali ndi udindo wapamwamba "anthu wamba." Nthawi zina anapeza nkhokwe lonse, kuphatikizapo nkhwangwa ambiri. Kotero kuti chida Ndipotu chonse, ntchito ngati asilikali wamba ndi atsogoleri awo.

Zikamera wa nkhwangwa awiri chimanjamanja

Koma ndiwotani "chidole" anthu kumpoto lodziwika bwino brodaks, iye ali ndi nkhwangwa awiri chimanjamanja pa migodi yaitali (kuti dzina la Viking nkhwangwa, ndi njira). Mu periodicals izo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Chidanishi nkhwangwa," koma dzinalo si bwino kwambiri, chifukwa iwo sangaone amapereka chimake cha zidazi. "Star Hour" brodaksa anabwera m'zaka 11. Kenako anthu omwe iwo ali ndi zida akhoza kuoneka Karelia ndi Britain.

Mogwirizana kwambiri ndi sagas akale, Scandinavia ankakonda kupereka manja ake maina yapamwamba ndi yadzaoneni. Mwachitsanzo, "mmodzi wa Chikopa", "Kulimbana ndi mfiti," "Wolf Mabala." Kumene, tilingirire ichi kokha kwambiri kupereka ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri.

anali nkhwangwa kusiyana ziwiri anaperekedwa chiyani?

Ndi tsamba pamaso brodaksov anali lalikulu kwambiri ndi chachikulu, koma kuganiza china woona yekha. Tsamba la nkhwangwa mu kupanga n'kakang'ono kwambiri, kupulumutsa kulemera wapatali. Koma "Nkhwangwa" ndipo kwenikweni angakhale mtunda lalikulu nsonga ya tsamba wina ndi mzake zambiri kufika 30 cm, ndipo ngakhale kuti "ntchito thupi" Nkhwangwa Scandinavia pafupifupi nthawi zonse anali unakhota kwambiri. zida zimenezi kuti akuzunzidwa mabala zoopsa.

Pakakhala kuti odalirika kugwedezeka anali kukhala wamkulu ... ndipo iwo kwenikweni anali choterocho! "Avereji" brodaks, napuma kutsinde mu dziko anafika ataima msilikali kuti pachigama, koma kawirikawiri anakumana ndi "yadzaoneni" zitsanzo. Nkhwangwa izi zidali za mphamvu yoposera chida, koma mmodzi lalikulu drawback iwo anali. Chifukwa cha ndodo anali kugwira ndi manja onse awiri, ndi msilikali basi anakhalabe opanda chishango chitetezo. Ndipo tsono "tingachipeze powerenga" nkhwangwa wina chimanjamanja, ndi Scandinavia wotanganidwa mu moyo zapitazi si malo otsiriza.

Mphamvu ya Viking zida pa zochitika asilikali Asilavo

zida ambiri otere ambiri akhala akupezeka pa zinthu zofukulidwa m'mabwinja pa malire a dziko lathu. Makamaka kwambiri chimachokera brodaksov, khalidwe ambiri anapezazo izi kudera Leningrad. Padziko XII-XIII atumwi, zinthu kumadera amenewo kukhala wochepa "yomangika" ndi mndandanda wa zida muyezo pang'ono ndi pang'ono kusintha. Viking nkhwangwa ndi masamba lonse pang'onopang'ono 'kusandulika' kukhala zida zazing'ono banja.

Mwa njira, Olemba mbiri ndi ofukula, ndi nthawi ya pazipita kufala brodaksov mu Russia anakwaniritsidwa "Boom" wa zida zankhondo mitundu lingaliro la zaka. Nkhondo nkhwangwa ku Russia, anauziridwa ndi Varangian, odzipereka zabwino za ku Ulaya, Asia ndi zitsanzo Asikuti. N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kulabadira izo? Ndi yosavuta: nkhwangwa Russian kenako kusanduka ana ngati tione ya Normandy.

ophatikizana zitsanzo

Iwo Kievan Lazaro anapereka moyo wachiwiri kwa mitundu ophatikizana, ndi wopha pa mbuyo pa. zida zimenezi pa nthawi ina kwambiri Asikuti anazilemba. Ndi nkhwangwa amenewa 10-11 zaka "priberut manja awo pa" Scandinavia, ndipo m'dziko lathu chida lino adzayamba ulendo wake ku Ulaya Western. Tikumbukenso kuti choyambirira Viking Klevets ntchito ndi gawo losavuta zozungulira kapena bowa woboola pakati.

Koma kale m'zaka za m'ma 12 nkhondo nkhwangwa ku Russia wabweza Ndalama mawonekedwe lalikulu. kusanduka Izi N'zosavuta kufotokoza: ngati amuna choyambirira asilikali wobvala unyolo makalata ndi zina kuwala zida, zida pa nthawi anakhala ndi choopsa kwambiri. Zinali bwino nkhonya iye, apa ndi apo Klevtsov ndi "nkhonya" ndi kutchulidwa faceted gawo. Nthumwi wotchuka kwambiri nkhwangwa Varangian-Russian ndi nkhwangwa Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Ambiri mwina, kalonga Iye konse wa, koma anapangidwa monga mmene pofotokoza nthawi zakale.

Chida "Modern Scandinavia"

Lero, ndi njira, anapanga replicas yamakono ya zida. Ndingapite kugula nkhwangwa? Kizlyar ( "Viking" - mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri) - uyu ndi latsopano "dziko" chida chachikulu. Ngati ndinu wa mokhudza kukonzanso enactors, kusankha bwino simudzaliranso syschete kulikonse.

N'chifukwa chiyani si lupanga?

Monga taonera, nthawi zambiri anazindikira Everyman nkhwangwa ngati chida ndi wokwera ndi khamu, osati wankhondo. Chiphunzitso, kopanda uyu ali Coy aliyense mfundo nawatsimikizira wololera: Choyamba, zimakhala zosavuta kuti apange zida. Chachiwiri, ngakhale pa kwambiri kapena zochepa zovomerezeka katswiri lupanga chofunika si pasanathe zaka khumi, pamene nkhwangwa anali munthu mu masiku amene amatumikira, ndi kuwongolera luso la ntchito zikuchitika, titero, "ntchito".

Koma maganizo amenewa si zoona kwenikweni. Pafupifupi chinthu chokha kusankha zida anali zofunikira asilikali. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nkhwangwa wakhala m'malo ndi lupanga chifukwa cha kulemera kwake lolemera. Ndipo izo siziri zoona ndithu. Choyamba, kulemera kwa Viking nkhwangwa pang'ono okha kuposa ya lupanga kumenyana (ndipo nthawi zina anali ang'onoang'ono - Unyinji wa nkhwangwa sanali oposa 600 magalamu). Kachiwiri, lupanga kugwedezeka inafunanso m'mlengalenga.

Ambiri mwina, mu mbiri yakale kaonedwe nkhwangwa adapereka malo ake chifukwa cha kupambana mu makampani. Zitsulo anakhala asilikali zambiri akanapereka kwambiri tiyeni wotsika koma sayansi ndi wotchipa malupanga, nkhondowo ntchito zida zimene anali wosalira zambiri ndipo sikutanthauza ngati kwambiri deta thupi ku "wosuta." Kumbukirani kuti ndewu ya nthawi imeneyo sanali kuchinga kaso, choncho anaganiza ndi zikwapu awiri kapena atatu, mwayi wa anthu wokonzeka, ndi Choncho, nkhwangwa ndi lupanga pankhaniyi anali zida ofanana.

kufunika zachuma

Koma sitiyenera kuiwala za munthu kwambiri chifukwa nkhwangwa kutchuka. Viking nkhwangwa (dzina lake - brodaks) adali nayenso mtengo mwangwiro zachuma. Mwachidule, lupanga yomweyo kumanga msasa mipanda yolimba kwambiri ndi chodziwikiratu kuti apambane, iwo sadzakhala kukonza nkhondowo Drakkar osati popanga zipangizo, ndi amtengo, pambuyo pa zonse, osati kudula. Popeza kuti mbali yaikulu ya moyo wake panali Scandinavia mu yokopa anthu, ndi kunyumba ndi Ntchito mtendere, kusankha nkhwangwa koposa wolungamitsidwa chifukwa cha yothandiza ake okwezeka.

Nkhwangwa ngati chida ankhondo mfulu

Kuweruza ndi mbiri ndi zokumbidwa pansi, mtundu wa chida anali wotchuka kwambiri mwa amuna Denmark. Mwachitsanzo, odziwika bwino mu nthawi yawo-mfumu Olav Woyera anali mwini nkhondo nkhwangwa ndi dzina limaonetseratu "Hel". Choncho, mwa njira, Scandinavians wakale wotchedwa mulungu wa imfa. Eirik choikidwa mwana wa Harald Fairhair, anali aulemu dzina lakuti "amagazi nkhwangwa", umene m'malo umanena mwakufuna kwake kusankha zida.

Amatchula mobwerezabwereza za "Nkhwangwa yaikidwa mu siliva" magwero olembedwa, ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwapa, asayansi apeza zinthu zakale zambiri pofukula umboni ku coonadi cha mau awa. Izi makamaka wakhala wotchuka Mamennskaya nkhwangwa, padziko akalipo zodabwitsa ndi chidwi Pantchito anapanga kuyendetsa ulusi siliva. Mwachibadwa kuti chida anali ndi udindo wapamwamba ndipo anatsindika udindo wapamwamba wa mwini m'deralo.

M'manda a Sutton Hoo limasonyezanso deference kwambiri nkhondo nkhwangwa, popeza anapeza ambiri molemera adakonzeka ndi nkhwangwa. Kuweruza ndi apamwamba a padziko manda, payenera akhala m'manda mumzinda wa atsogoleri aakulu lankhondo la kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino kapena Saxon. Kuti ndi khalidwe: wakufayo m'manda yekha "manja" ndi nkhwangwa, limene pafupifupi munthu zokongoletsa. Ichi ndi chinthu chida asilikali, kuti moyo wa munthu uyu bwino amakonda nkhwangwa.

tanthauzo wopatulika

Pali chinthu china chomwe chimasonyeza ndi ulemu umene Northerners ankachitira ndi nkhwangwa. M'mabwinja ndi zolembedwa timva akusonyeza kuti zizindikiro "Nkhwangwa" Viking kunali kofala kwambiri ndendende mu nyengo kuchokera 10 mpaka cha m'ma 15. Zida kuti, mwanjira ina, asanaganize pafupifupi kumenyana dongosolo zokongoletsera thupi lake asilikali akatswiri.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti amulet "Viking nkhwangwa" sanali zochepa wamba. Pafupifupi chachiwiri khomo lachiberekero kuyimitsidwa anali kapangidwe kake ndi kakang'ono Fano nkhwangwa. Iye akhapidziwa kuti lokongola lino amapereka mphamvu, mphamvu ndi maganizo a wankhondo wa.

kupanga palokha

Ngati ndinu - katswiri reconstructor, abwino zingakhale nkhwangwa "Viking" (kupanga Kizlyar). Koma pali "zidole" si wotchipa kwambiri, koma chifukwa mafani zambiri zida akale kuganiza za ufulu wodzilamulira kupanga zida zotere. Kodi kwenikweni icho? Kodi n'zotheka nkhwangwa Viking ndi manja ake?

Inde, n'zotheka ndithu. Maziko zida wakale angathe kutumikira monga nkhwangwa wamba, amene mwa grinders chabe anadula onse zosafunika. Pambuyo pake, ntchito zomwezo ngodya grinders onse, mokoma zashlifovyvayut padziko lonse, amene ayenera kukhala burrs aliyense ndi yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda tizitsulo.

ndemanga zina

Monga mukuonera, kuti nkhwangwa Viking ndi manja ake ndi mosavuta, ndi kudya izo sikutanthauza. The sangathe njira ndi chida chifukwa kokha ndi ntchito kukongoletsa, ngati iwo kugwira ntchito sadzapambana.

Kuti alenge chitsanzo lodalirika ayenera kuti atenge thandizo kwa wosula akatswiri kuyambira okha kulipira kupereka moona zonse zochitika nkhwangwa, ndi analogue a nkhwangwa, chimene adachipasula kale nkhondo Scandinavia. Apa mmene kupanga Viking nkhwangwa.