Matenda phwetekere

Kukula kukolola wachuma wa tomato - kunyadira wapadera wa mwini aliyense wa chiwembu munda. Koma pamene kuswana mbande ndi kulima zomera wamkulu si kawirikawiri matenda a tomato ndi kulimbana nazo, afunika kudziŵa zinthu mwapadera. Nkhaniyi ili ndi malangizo a mmene kuthana ndi mavuto ndi kuteteza zomera.

Matenda mmera

Monga ulamuliro, ndi ndegeyo nthawi ya phwetekere mmera umayamba mu February zimatha mpaka March. Panthawi imeneyi, mbewu zofesedwa muli wapadera, zomwe zili pafupi ndi dzuwa. kuwuka kokha, mbande kuti mosavuta. Pambuyo zikamera ndi mbewu raspikirovki zotheka ngati mbande matenda tomato, monga blackleg ndi woyera zoonera.

Blackleg otchedwa Solanaceae mkuntho, monga zimakhudza tomato kokha, komanso tsabola ndi biringanya. Zizindikiro adzawonekera pa mbande. zomera kuyamba kuvunda podsemyadolnoe bondo, ndi chifukwa iwo amafa. Blackleg, komanso matenda ena zina tomato, ndi matenda a mafangasi matenda. tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ake opezeka nthaka zimakhudza awo pa akhudzidwa zomera ofooka. Kuti muphonye zosayembekezereka ya matenda, mbewu ayenera mosamala anayendera tsiku lililonse. Ngati mbewu muzu kolala mdima, ndipo zimatha m'kupita pa masiku dzuwa - izo zikusonyeza zizindikiro loyamba blackleg.

Mbande mu woyambirira wa matenda chingatithandize kupulumutsa miyeso zotsatirazi. Pakuti kuthirira mbewu ayenera kukhala ofooka acidic yankho la manganese-potaziyamu spud iwo. Monga kukonzekereratu kwa mbande ndi bwino ntchito mwatsopano, chabwino promorozhennaya nthaka yozizira. Pamaso kufesa mbewu kukonzekera chofooka njira ya permanganate potaziyamu ndi kuwathira. Mbewu ayenera anabzala si wandiweyani m'nthaka amtengo lonyowa, amene anamasuka padziko zomera. Chipinda ndi mbande phwetekere ayenera kuiulutsa.

Matenda a zomera wamkulu

Pali ena matenda a tomato, amene ali ofunikira mwa alimi. Mwachitsanzo - ndi zithunzi, ndi matenda tizilombo zimene zimachititsa yamawangamawanga akuda pa masamba a zomera. zomera kachilombo kukula bwino ndi kutaya zokolola.

Matenda a mafangasi monga tomato malo oyera, zofiirira banga, choipitsa mochedwa. Iwo yodziwika ndi maonekedwe a mawanga zauve woyera kapena zofiirira pa masamba a zomera. Akutukuka bowa kumachepetsa zokolola, kungachititse kuti imfa ya zomera.

Musalimbane ndi matenda phwetekere monga choipitsa mochedwa, ndiwo ambiri ndi zoipa. Zingamvekere zomera pa fruiting. Imathandiza kuti chitukuko cha nyengo yamvula ndi chinyezi. matenda a mafangasi amafalitsa mphepo, mvula ndi mame.

Kuti mbewu sanali anakhudzidwa ndi choipitsa mochedwa, uzichotsa masamba akale nthawi. Kawirikawiri matenda akuyamba kukhala pa mbatata, ndipo kenako kufalikira kwa tomato. zizindikiro zake - maonekedwe pa m'mbali mwa masamba ndi zipatso za bulauni mawanga. Muyenera kukhala ndi njira yolongosoka nthawi yatsoka ake, kukhwimitsa mwamsanga. M'nthawi ya zipatso yakucha tomato kudyetsedwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous kusintha chomera kukaniza kuti choipitsa mochedwa. Kutsirira sayenera nkhanza. Mu nyengo mitambo akukwana kuganizira kwambiri kumasula nthaka padziko zomera.

Nthawizina timaganiza mankhwala omwe ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa choipitsa mochedwa. Koma wamaluwa, sakukhulupirira mankhwala, kufunafuna ndi kupeza njira zina.

Pakuti wamaluwa matenda a zofufuzafufuza wa tomato ndi ulamuliro wawo mutu kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, kumvera zonse malangizo ndi malingaliro a akatswiri. Choncho, katswiri akuonetsa kuchiza nthaka kuchotsa matenda bakiteriya ndi mafangasi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuchotsa mbali zotsala za chaka chatha chisanadze zomera ndi masentimita awiri kapena anayi a topsoil. Ndiye kutsanulira mwatsopano nthaka mabedi litulukira wa sulphate mkuwa kapena oxychloride zamkuwa.