Ipatiev nyumba Yekaterinburg. Kuwombera wa m'banja lachifumu m'nyumba Ipatiev

Ekaterinburg wotchuka padziko lonse monga mzinda umene Bolsheviks mwankhanza anawombera banjalo wa Mfumu Nicholas II. Malo otsiriza m'ndende ndi kuphedwa kwa mfumuyi, mkazi wake ndi ana anasankhidwa Ipatiev House. adiresi imene inali (Voznesensky Prospekt, 49/9), lero amakumbukira am'deralo ambiri, koma kukuuzani inu momwe nyumbayo payokha zikuwoneka simungathe onse. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa nyumba, amene anakhala moyo wake wonse banja lachifumu, anali anagwetsa mu 1977. Lero chabe akukumbutsa zithunzi akale ndi zakale osowa Yekaterinburg zakale.

mwangozi lachilendo

Kuphunzira mbiri ya banja Russian achifumu, muona mfundo zosangalatsa. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, amene anakhala tate wa Romanov mafumu, analengeza wolamulira wa Russia mu March 1613 pambuyo pa mwambo ndi amachitika agulupa Ipatiev pafupi Kostroma. Koma chimene chidzapatsidwa lolembedwa, kuchititsa zambiri yankholi. Kazembe womaliza wa mtundu womwewo wa mfumu, Nicholas II, pamodzi ndi banja lake lonse mu July 1918, anaphedwa Ipatiev nyumba Yekaterinburg. Kenako, Romanov mafumu unatha.

Chifukwa Ipatiev nyumba?

Agulupa ya dzina yemweyo, amene anadalitsidwa pa bolodi Mikhail Fedorovich, ndi nyumba kumene mpirawo Nicholas II ndi banja lake, mu nthawi Soviet iyo inali chabe mwangozi. Koma kodi zimenezi? olemba mbiri amakono ndikukhulupirira kuti nyumba Ipatiev Nicholas Nikolaevich ndi Bolsheviks mwasankha malo a Kuphedwa popanda chifukwa ndipo wapereka chitsimikizo cha chiphunzitso chakuti zifukwa zabwino.

Pambuyo abdication mu March 1917 ku mpando wachifumu wa Russian mfumu yomaliza ndi banja lake anathawira ku Tobolsk. Palibe chinalepheretsa Bolsheviks linadana nawo kuthana ndi mfumu mu mzinda uno Siberia, koma pazifukwa zina anamutengera kwa Ekaterinburg. Ngakhale ambiri nyumba, kwa chilangocho anali kusankhidwa mwapadera palibe nyumba injiniya Ipatiev. Olemba mbiri ena amakono ndikukhulupirira kuti chifukwa zosangalatsa anali kudziwana a Nicholas Roerich Peter Voykova - Commissioner wa Ural Bolsheviks Board unkagwira ntchito yokonzekera kuwombera wa m'banja lachifumu.

Mu 1913 anali kukondwerera tsiku la chikumbutso 300th wa Romanov mafumu mu Russia, Ipatievsky obisika anali mmodzi wa malo waukulu chikondwererochi. dzina lake linali pakamwa aliyense, choncho pamene Bolsheviks anasankha banja lachifumu Kuphedwa Ipatiev nyumba Yekaterinburg, nawonso kuchita izo nthawi mwadala, kupereka kupha pang'ono ndi ophiphiritsa ena.

Mwamuna woyamba Nyumbayi ndi

The nyumba kudwala-fated inamangidwa cha m'ma 80 ntchentche za m'ma XIX yoyendetsa migodi, boma milandu Ivan Redikortsevym. Ikani kwa zigawo tsogolo lawo, anasankha otsetsereka kumadzulo kwa phiri la Ascension ndi. nyumba inamangidwa ndi view alili. mbali yake kum'mawa anali limodzi nkhani. Nawu pakhomo waukulu nyumbayo, m'zipinda ndi chapansi ndi mwayi wopita ku wapakamwa kum'mwera kwa Manor lapansi. Kumadzulo kwa nyumba munali apansi awiri ndi pakhonde. M'lifupi nyumbayi ndi 18 m, kutalika - 31 mamita Iwo inamangidwa ndi luso lamakono :. Panali magetsi, madzi, sewerage ndi telefoni. Zipinda za nyumba anayang'ana wolemera: makoma awo chokongoletsedwa ndi stucco ndi kuponyedwa chitsulo kuponyera ndi kupenta luso amatanthauzabe denga.

Redikortsevu sanali zoyembekezeka kukhala yaitali mwiniwake wa Nyumbayi ndi. Chifukwa mavuto azachuma mu chaka cha 1898 anagulitsa munda wa Gold Sharavevu. Patatha zaka 10, nyumba zinasintha manja kachiwiri, nthawi iyi anali kadaulo wazomangamanga Nikolai Ipatiev. banja lake anakakhala ku zipinda pa nsanja yachiwiri. Mu malo ya ili mmunsi mwa nyumba, anatsegula ofesi yake Ipatyev mgwirizano ntchito.

Kufika kwa banja lachifumu ku munda

Mwa dongosolo la Council Ural mu April 1918, Ipatiev House anali requisitioned. The Bolsheviks anapereka mwini masiku awiri omwe kusiya nyumba. Popeza Nikolai Nikolaevich pa nthawi ino sanali Yekaterinburg, katundu wake anali anagwetsa mu chipinda chosungira, wapafupi chapansi, kumene miyezi ingapo ya Romanovs anawomberedwa. Pambuyo requisitioning chuma atazunguliridwa ndi mpanda awiri, mwa gawo olimba posts alonda, ndipo anaikidwa kutsogolo kwa anzake asamuone lapansi. Kuyambira pamenepo mpaka kuphedwa kwa mfumu, Bolsheviks amatchedwa Nyumba ya munda cholinga chapadera.

Kumangidwa kwa mfumu ndi banja lake anabweretsa Ipatiev nyumba Yekaterinburg mu tsiku lotsiriza la April 1918. Pamodzi ndi iwo adadza ku nyumba ya zomangamanga anthu 5 kuthandiza ogwira: dokotala E. Botkin footman Trupp A. mdzakazi Demidova, kuphika Kharitonov GI ndi wachiwiri wake L. Sednov. Nicholas II ndi mkazi ndi ana anaikidwa zipinda ziwiri pafupi ili la kum'mawa kwa nyumbayi. Nthawi yomweyo pansi maofesi awa anali chapansi. M'chipinda chodyera linaikidwa wantchito wa Mfumukazi, ndi mu holo - dokotala ndi lackey. posts zingapo ndi mlonda wakhala zokuzira mu nyumbayi. Kupita chimbudzi kapena bafa, akaidi a nyumba cholinga chapadera anali pochitika chitetezo.

kuwombera

Munda Ipatief m'banja lachifumu, pamodzi ndi antchito anakhala otsiriza masiku 78 pa moyo wake. MADZULO July 16, 1918 Romanovs Anapita kukagona, mwachizolowezi, pa 22.30. Usiku iwo m'tulo ndipo adauzidwa kuti muzipita ku m'chipinda chapansi pa Ipatiev House. Anthu onse asanu ndi awiri a banja Romanov, komanso 4 atumiki (wothandizira ophika Sednova L. sanali pakati pawo, chifukwa dzana iye anachotsedwa m'nyumbamo) anali chapansi, iye werengani chiweruziro ndi mwamsanga pambuyo pake kuwomberedwa.

Tsoka zina za nyumba

Patapita masiku angapo kuwombera chidaperekedwa Romanovs mu Yekaterinburg anabwera azungu. Nyumba kachiwiri wadutsa mu malo a Ipatiev, koma anakhala mu izo pang'ono ndithu ndipo anasamuka ku dziko. Kenako, Nyumbayi ili ku likulu la mkulu wa ku Siberia Army General Radoly kuwatsogolera. Patapita chaka chimodzi, mzindawo unali kachiwiri pansi pa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks. Ipatiev House anakhala likulu la Red Army.

Mu zaka wotsatira, ndi zazikulu munali maofesi osiyanasiyana. M'zaka 1927-1938 panali mwambo wa Museum wa kuukira boma. odzamuzondawo anasonyeza madera a nyumba, koma chapansi, chimene chinapangidwa chilango cha Romanovs. M'nyumba 30 chidasandulika odana ndi chipembedzo ndiponso chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro zakale, ndiye kuti bungwe la losasangalatsa, nthambi ya Institute of Culture, yachokera phwando. Pa nkhondo Ipatiev nyumba anali anasamutsidwa kuchoka Leningrad Hermitage chionetsero. Mu nthawi unawonongedwa komweko anatsegula Party Archive, ndiye nyumbayo m'manja Dipatimenti Provincial wa Culture, ndi yapindula malo kuphunzira kuno. linaikidwa "Sayuzdruk" Management mbali ina ya Nyumbayi ndi. Mu chapansi pa nyumba wakhala okonzeka ndi nyumba yosungiramo katundu wina. Mu 1974 nyumba anakhala mmodzi wa zipilala mbiri ya kufunika m'dzikolo.

Kugwetsa nyumba

Cha m'ma 70 ntchentche za XX m'ma boma Soviet kwambiri nkhawa chidwi kuchuluka kwa alendo kunyumba injiniya Ipatiev. Mu 1978, 2 anali inakonzedwa mozungulira masiku: patha zaka 110 za kubadwa kwa Nikolaya Romanova ndi zaka 60 kuyambira kupha wake. Pofuna kupewa kukomeza mozungulira nyumba Ipatiev, KGB wapampando Yuri Andropov anapanga maganizo kugwetsa ake. Chigamulo chomaliza pa chiwonongeko cha Nyumbayi anatenga Boris Yeltsin, amene ndiye akusankhidwa mlembi woyamba wa Sverdlovsk dera komiti ya Party Communist.

Ipatiev House, ankaimira pafupifupi 90, unawonongedwa pansi September 1977. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ofunkha unatenga masiku 3, ndi bulldozer ndi mpira Baba. The chonamizira kuti thupilo nyumbayi inali kumanganso makonzedwe a mzindawo. Lero, pa malo pafupi ndi Ipatiev nyumba, umaposa Mpingo wa Magazi. M'tauni anamanga okumbukira mfumu anaphedwa ndi anthu a m'banja lake.