Ndani - wolamulira mu Greece wakale?

Aliyense akudziwa kuti Ancient Greece - ndi lonse kuti kunayambira demokalase. Koma pamodzi ndi dongosolo ndale anayesa kunja Greece ndi zina boma. Wokwanira kuti mu zolemba zake, Aristotle, pamodzi ndi demokalase (akuyitana polity ake), timatha kwa anthu apamwamba ndi mafumu. kupatuka chilichonse achifumu mphamvu Aristotle otchedwa mwankhanza. Malinga ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za boma amawatenga mphindi, wolamulira mu Greece wakale ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Pa mayesero onsewa, iwo ankadalira pa mode imene utsogoleli wa dziko zinachitikadi.

Krete-Mycenaean nthawi

Mwina oyambirira nthawi anaphunzira Ancient Greece analiko ndi Mkuwa Age. Mukhozanso malemba amati mfundo ulamuliro monarchical masiku amenewo. Wolamulira ku Greece, dzina lake "Wanaka", amene anasinthidwa monga "mbuye" "Ambuye," "mfumu." Pamodzi ndi wolamulira wamkulu, boma (mwinanso wamkulu) chitachitidwa basileus. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kenako mawu Basileus amatanthauza "mfumu". Koma pa chiyambi cha Greek chitukuko basileus kutsatira ena ambiri odzichepetsa ntchito zokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ndi zochitika asilikali.

Homer umodzi

The Iron Age ku Greece, mtundu watsopano wa dongosolo umoyo ndale - ndondomeko. Panthawi imeneyi, Homer analemba ntchito zake zodabwitsa - "Iliad" ndi "Odyssey." Kuyambira kulongosola za Trojan nkhondo angapezeke ambiri mwa mayina omwe anali olamulira Greece wakale. List basileus, atalandira kale mphamvu zonse, ndi okwanira. Pamodzi ndi mafumu a maina, monga Odysseus, Diomedes, Nestor, Achilles, ndi achepetse amatchulidwa - Atreus, Labdakidy, neleides ndi ena. Olamulira a ku Greece ankatengedwa ana a milungu. Ndi onse mafumu izi dynastic m'dziko izi sizinachitike.

ankhanza nthawi

Kumayambiriro kwa 7-6 zaka TH. BC. e. malamulo ambiri ndi mphamvu wadutsa mu manja a anthu ankhanza. Ena mwa iwo anali ndithu wowala bwino anthu, chomwe pambuyo adzatchedwa "olamulira a Greece wakale." Mayina a Periander, Pisistratus, Kypseli ndi ena. Mbali khalidwe za olamulira onse panthawi imeneyo - ndi waufupi ndi yochepa mphamvu. Zimasonyeza chikutanthauza anali yonena za Dionisiyo wopondereza amene analamulira ku Surakusa. Ku malo a pulani autocrat iye anasankhidwa panthawi ya nkhondo, koma pambuyo mdani anagonja, Dionisiyo wa Surakusa anapitiriza kulamulira mpaka mapeto a moyo.

archons

Mu nthawi demokalase za ndondomeko ya mzinda limati-chinkhoswe mu oyendetsera dziko ulamuliro mbuye, amene analamulira Archons. Kumasulira kwa archon Greek - wolamulira, akulu akulu. Wina mawu amene akhoza kuzitcha wolamulira ku Greece - opatsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Thessaly Yason Fersky mpake iye wotchedwa tagom.

Ambiri mwa ndondomeko pa zikuchokera ulamuliro wake angatchedwe kapena demokalase kapena oligarchic. kusiyana ndi kugona chakuti mu demokalase, ufulu kuvota onse anali nzika free, mu oligarchic wa - okha anthu a mkulu chuma chambiri. Chitsanzo fanizo la mtsogoleri wa msasa demokalase anakhala Pericles. Chikoka Chake chinali chachikulu chotero kuti unayeneradi dzina laulemu la "demagogue" kutanthauza "ufumu pa anthu." Ndi mawu anapeza apamtima zoipa pa nthawi. Koma Pericles kubala mutu wa demagogue anasangalala choyenera ulemu.

Atalandidwa Greece ndi Aleksandrom Makedonskim akazembe ake - Demetrius ndi Antigonus - anayamba kudzitchula mafumu. Ndi mafumu anayamba deify ndime ya nthawi, ndi kuti agonjetse Roma m'dziko lililonse wolamulira mu Greece wakale ankaona mfumu ndipo angathe kupatsira mphamvu ndi cholowa.