Maria Cantemir: yonena, banja. chikondi lotsiriza la Peter Wamkulu

Mwana wamkazi Maria Moldova Prince Cantemir - ndiwotani atsopano a Peter I. chibwenzi chawo anayamba kale mu moyo mochedwa woyamba Russian mfumu. Izo zinali zovuta ndi zokhota yachifumu ndi ukwati Catherine I. Peter Mariya anakhala ndi pakati mfumu, koma mwanayo anabadwa posachedwa anafa. Dona anapulumuka autocrat zaka 32.

banja

Maria Cantemir anabadwa mu 1700 ku banja la mkulu Chimoludaviyani Dmitriya Konstantinovicha Kantemira. Childhood ankakhala ku Istanbul, komwe bambo ake, yokhazikika pakampanipo. Mu 1711 wotchedwa Dmitry wolamulira analumbira kwa Russian Tsar. Peter Ine ndiye anayamba ndi Prut msonkhano, cholinga kulimbikitsa Black Sea ndi kufooketsa yakumeneko Turkey, amene m'manja adali kale Cantemir. The nkhondo sanakwaniritsidwe. Peter ndinali kusaina ndi akumane Mtendere, ndi defector wake Moldova kukhala Russia (Petulo ananena kuti "wololera komanso mu mphamvu Council a").

Potsatira chitsanzo cha bambo wake Maria Cantemir, ndi Romania mizu adalandira maphunziro Greek. Iye ankadziwa Latin ndi Chitaliyana zinenero, masamu zofunika, apamwamba, maphunziro ndi mbiri. Kuwerenga mabuku Ancient Greek wakale watsegula iye. Iye ankakonda zojambula ndi nyimbo.

Kupita ku Russia

Mu 1711, Maria Cantemir banja anasamukira ku Kharkov, ndipo anali mu Moscow mu 1713. Komanso, bambo ake anapatsidwa zigawo zikuluzikulu Sevsk, ndi Kursk zigawo. Place monga kukhazikikamo banja anali m'mudzi pafupi Moscow ndi dzina lodabwitsa la Black Zinyalala. Inali panjira imene inachititsa kuti likulu latsopano la St. Petersburg. Kale linali chuma cha Prince Vasily Golitsyn - amakonda kalonga Sophia.

Kantemir Mariya Dmitrievna zinabindikira mu nyumba matabwa, yomwe inamangidwa kalembedwe wakale Russian. Pansi, ndi mumbali mwa madenga, izo zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomangamanga miyambo ya mwanayo. Mary ngakhale anali kupeza dziko mwatsopano. Russian anayamba kumuphunzitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba odziwika wolemba komanso womasulira Ivan Ilyinsky. Chikondi kuwerenga Mary iyawonekambo kuyamika mayi Cassandra ndi mphatso kwambiri makhalidwe abwino. Zinali iye amene anali amachititsa maphunziro a ana m'masiku amenewo pamene ana a bambo sakanatha kuchita. Maria akhala mlongo ndi abale anayi Smaragd: Mateyu Constantine, SERGEY ndi Antiokeya (iwo anali mnzake za nyengo).

mphunzitsi Istanbul

mphunzitsi wina zimene zinapangitsa tsogolo la chatha mkazi Petra Velikogo, Anastasiasi anaonekera Kondoidi. munthu uyu anali wansembe Greek ndi kulumikizana moyo wake Cantemirs banja kumbuyo mu nthawi pamene ankakhala Istanbul. Mu likulu Turkey wa tsar Russian, monga ankaganizira, wakhala mosamala conspiratorial kazitape maukonde. Anastasios Kondoidi anali ndi udindo wofunika pakati pa Moscow wothandizila chinsinsi. zotsimikizirika iye anadutsa nthumwi Petra Tolstogo. Ndi Chiwerengero wamphamvu zonse Kantemir Mariya Dmitrievna adzakhala ubale wa kale mu likulu.

Koma Kondoidi, iye ndiye anayambitsa m'dera lake ndi chikhalidwe Italiya (wansembe anakhala nthawi yambiri mu Apennine chilumba). Akazitape Anastasia wachititsa kukayikirana ku Istanbul, ndipo anali kuthawa wa Ottoman. Iye anakamupereka Cantemir atafika ku Russia, ndi ukalamba ndi dzina la Athanasius anakhala wansembe.

Moyo mu Moscow

Komabe aang'ono mayi Maria Cantemir Cassandra anafa 1713 ali ndi zaka 32. Ukapolo wolemetsa kwa iye, ndi kuyezetsa kugwirizana ndi kusamuka ndi zodabwitsa kuti kuchichepetsa thanzi wosalimba. ana anakhalabe mu chisamaliro cha atate. Anawapatsa nthawi zonse, mpaka achokapo Cantemirs mu Petersburg. chifukwa chake anali mgwirizano wa wotchedwa Dmitry Konstantinovich, ndi Petro.

Mu 1717 mfumu anafika ku Moscow, kumene anakhalako miyezi 2.5. Zinali imodzi mwa nthawi yovuta kwambiri pa moyo wa autocrat lapansi. Madzulo kwa malire kuthamanga mwana wake Alex. Tsopano kalonga anayesa abwerere kwawo Chiwerengero Tolstoy, ndi Peter akusinkhasinkha zoipa mu Moscow. Kumayambiriro a 1718, kenakonso renunciation ofunda la mpando wachifumu Alexei. Mwambo wa walekana ndi ufulu wachifumu zinachitika mu Cathedral wa Akukwera. Pamenepo Petro ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Kantemir anayamba kulankhula kwambiri kuposa kale. wolamulira wakale Moldova anayamba kawirikawiri mfumu. Mwatsoka, nkhani ya kukambirana chidutswa pa nthawi, ndi kukhala chinsinsi.

Ankadziwa mfumu

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Maria Cantemir adamuwona Petro I mu 1711 pa msonkhano wokopa Prut, pamene iye ndi mkazi wake Catherine anapita likulu Moldova wa Iasi. ankadziwa Personal unachitikira mu 1717 mamita m'nyumba ya atate wake wakunja kwatawuni. 1 Peter, kuthana ndi zochitika zawo banja (kubwerera Tsarevich Alexei anafera m'ndende), ndipo anachotsa ambiri akuluakulu ake apamtima amene amaganiziridwa woukira boma. Tsopano mfumuyo inali chosowa cha anthu atsopano. Ndipotu ikufotokoza vuto lake Dmitriya Kantemira pa St. Petersburg.

Tikayang'ana mmene kalonga Chimoludaviyani anali wosakwiya kusuntha, iye sankafuna kusiya Moscow. Komabe, iye sakanakhoza kukana mfumu zoopsa. Mwamsanga pamene iye anayambitsa likulu iye anatenga ana, kuphatikizapo Mariya. Petersburg analandira alendo kuposa Moscow za anthu mkulu. 57 wazaka fuko lomveka chibwenzi ndi wokongola Anastasiyu Trubetskuyu courtier, amene anakwatira posachedwapa. Pambuyo kuti zimenezi mwadzidzidzi Mfumukazi Maria Cantemir amakakamizidwa kukatsanzikana mphamvu wakale wa moyo chatsekedwa.

Mu likulu,

Petersburg apamwamba makhalidwe kuwala moyo monga mfumu. 1 Peter sindikanakhoza kupirira kwa Moscow atsogoleriwa, ndipo anapanga latsopano likulu adakhala miyambo Western. Kwa Mariya, amene anabadwa mu Moldova, malamulo ngakhale ambiri achilendo. Iye monyinyirika napereka kabwerebwere ake kalelo kavalidwe ndi kuvala zovala yapamwamba European mu Petersburg.

Wotchedwa Dmitry Kantemir ndi mkazi wake wamng'ono ndi mwana wamkulu anali zonse alendo pa mapwando mfumu. Peter ankakonda amakonza misonkhano, siketing'i ndi kuvina. Makamaka zambiri anali maholide yozizira 1721-1722 gg., Anadza pambuyo Russian kugonjetsa Sweden mu nkhondo kumpoto. Pamaso Peter m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, iye anali zonse panjira kapena asilikali. Iye anakhala pa ndandanda woipa mtima ndi ndangolandira ntchito kupyolera mwa dziko lawo. Tsopano ndi sabata la zikondwelelo za kale lonse. Iwo kunapezeka kuti kukhala apotheosis umene unatenga masiku angapo zoseketsa masquerade. Maria Cantemir ndi Peter koyamba kangapo izi phwando Sipadzakhalanso. Komanso, iwo anaona mzake chifukwa cha ntchito anzake a mfumu ndi Prince wotchedwa Dmitry.

sultana

Kuposa amanga wina ndi mzake Maria Cantemir ndi Petulo? Choyamba Moldova Mfumukazi anali wophunzira kwambiri, makamaka mfundo za wamba ndi otchuka Russian akazi a nthawi imeneyo. Amadziwika kuti Peter ali erudition lonse ndi chidwi. Ankakonda sayansi ndi zonse kufikira kwa zinthu zatsopano. Komanso, Mariya anali wosiyana ndi akazi padziko chakuti panali alendo ambiri, makamaka Greek mu izo. Kunja kwa atsikana pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika. zithunzi za m'mbiri anali utoto atamwalira ndipo pa mpukutu m'nthawi zambiri.

Mtsikanayo msanga anamvera chithumwa Peter. Pa nthawiyi, bambo Maria Cantemir anali kupita kuti apereke mtsikana wokwatiwa. manja ake anamufunsa Prince Ivan Dolgoruky. Wotchedwa Dmitry K. anapereka chilolezo, koma Maria, amene kale anali ndi chibwenzi ndi Mfumu anakana mkwatibwi. Tikumbukenso kuti mfumu anakhala m'banja. Anali ndi mkazi - tsogolo Mfumukazi Catherine I. Sizinali ngati mkazi wa mfumu. Catherine anakhalabe yaitali bwenzi la autocrat lapansi. Mkazi anatsagana naye pa nkhondo ndipo si manyazi zokhudza anthu. Sinthanitsani sizinali zophweka.

pregnancy

Mu 1722 wotchedwa Dmitry Kantemir analemba kalata mwatsatanetsatane kuti mfumukazi imene Iye anafotokoza kuti sankadziwa za mwana wamkazi wa autocrat ndi. Komabe, biographers ndi mbiri yakale amavomereza maganizo, kalonga akunama. Iye amalumikiza pakati pa iye ndi Catherine anali Chiwerengero chomwecho Pyotr Tolstoy, amadziwika intrigue ake. The wofuna kale wolamulira ankaganiza kuti Mfumu Petra Velikogo wokonda ati amene adzakhale mkazi wake, ndipo Cantemir Romanovs ndi kuyanjana mu ukwati dynastic.

Mapulani wotchedwa Dmitry Konstantinovich kuyandikira kwa kukhazikitsa, pamene anamva kuti Maria akhali na mimba. Nthawiyi, Peter ndi wotopa ndi moyo ndi anthu wamba ndipo anayamba kukonza ndawala ku Persia. Kupita kummawa, ulendo iye ndi mwana wake wotchedwa Dmitry monga Maapatimenti. Cantemir anafunika mfumu kuti pempho chinenero Turkey kwa Okhala kumalire ndi Persia.

yobereka zinalephereka

Maulendowa anayamba mu Persia ku Astrakhan mu July 1722. Peter miyezi ingapo munakhala mu nkhondo yatsopano. Pamene izo sizinali, Mary, anakhalabe Astrakhan, anabereka. Iye analola kuti mwanayu, koma mwana kunapezeka kuti msanga ndipo mwamsanga anamwalira. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana akufuna Dmitriya Kantemira ukwati Petro mwana wake anayamba kugwa. Komanso pa kampeni Prince Persia anali kudwala. Iye anali pomwepo tabes (ku matenda omwewa anafa mlongo Mary Smaragd).

Cantemir nthawi yaitali sanayese n'komwe kusiya Astrakhan. Ndiyeno, amakhazikitsa amphamvu yozizira msewu. Poyamba banja kuti azikamugwirira kufika Moscow, koma mmene inasanduka malo ndi amakono Dmitrovka Orel. Pali Dmitriyu Konstantinovichu anakhala oipitsitsa. bambo Mary anamwalira pa September 1, 1723.

imfa Petulo

Mfumukazi Maria Cantemir, amene yonena ndi Chitsanzo cha mbuye anakana, analandira cholowa chake, koma kwenikweni wosiyidwayo pabwalo. Mmalo awa, iye ankachita nawo zochitika banja. Mtsikanayo kumanzere abale anayi wamng'ono ndi mlongo ting'onoting'ono kwambiri ukwati wachiwiri wa bambo ake.

zinthu zinasintha kwambiri mu chaka cha 1724. Catherine anayamba chibwenzi ndi kamera-cadet Villim Mons. Pa nkhani imeneyi, inali kudziŵika kwa mfumu. Peter ndinali zoyipa mkwiyo. Iye anapha Mons, koma sanali kuthana ndi mkazi wanga, omwe si kale iye anavekedwa ndipo anapanga wolowa wake wachifumu. Komabe, ubwenzi wawo anawonongedwa. Kenako Petulo ananenanso abwenzi ndi Maria Cantemir. Komabe, ndi nthawi iyi mfumu kulankhulana lapamtima ndipo sanali zoyembekezeka kupitiriza. Kumayambiriro a 1725 autocrat iye anadwala n'kumwalira pa 8 February.

moyo kenako

Ndi imfa ya Peter Maria anali mwamanyazi. Komabe, zinatha kanthawi kochepa. Anamwalira mu 1727 Catherine ine, kalonga anakhala courtly chithunzi. Poyamba ankakhala St. Petersburg, koma kenako anasamukira ku Moscow kwambiri ndi abale amene ankatumikira ku Mpandowachifumu Choyamba. Maria anasangalala chisomo cha Natalia - mlongo wa Mfumu Peter Ine, ndi wolamulira lotsatira la Anna Ivanovna mu 1830 anapanga mdzakazi wake ulemu.

Cantemir sanakwatire. achibale ake okha kusamalira abale ndi angapo litigation ndi-ndi akulera ana opeza msinkhu wake womwewo. Mfundo kukangana anaonekera, kumene tinalandira. Mu 1730 Mary D. ali mwini nyumba yawo Moscow zolembalemba okonzera. Kwa iye courted ndi wachiwiri-bwanamkubwa wa St. Petersburg Fedor Naumov, koma anakana.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Mu 1741, Mariya anali nawo pa coronation wa Elizabeth, amene anakwera wachifumu pambuyo kulanda boma yachifumu. Mmodzi wa abale Duchess, Antiokeya, anasamukira ku Paris. Achibale anali osangalatsa mbiri yakale makalata m'Chigiriki chamakono ndi Chitaliyana.

Mu 1745, ankakonda Peter Ndinali ndi Ulitkino malo pafupi Moscow, kumene anachiritsa chete mpandawo moyo. Apo iye anamanga mpingo watsopano, ndi chifuniro chake ananena kuti anafuna kuti awonekere malo obisika kachisi. Maria anamwalira pa September 9, 1757.