Boris Godunov ndi ndani? Wambiri ya Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov

anthu amakono nkomwe chifukwa vuto funso, "Ndani Boris Godunov?". Bwino kwambiri amadziwika ndi dzina ndi malo wotanganidwa pa nkhani autocrats ena Russian. Koma ndizo ziyenera munthu wa khalidwe lamphamvu mbiri zambiri maganizo. Ndalama zimene anapereka kwa malingaliro onse ndi mzere ndale, limene kwa zaka mazana unachitika kukonza a Peter Ine, nthawi zambiri mlandu usurping mphamvu ndi ngakhale makanda. Umunthu Boris Godunov ndi nkhani ya mtsutso pa zaka zingapo zapitazo.

Njira mphamvu

Malinga ndi nthano, wobadwa Godunov zimachokera kwa mmodzi wa akalonga ambiri Chitata, pa nthawi Ivana Kality anakakhala Moscow natumikira monga Grand Duke mokhulupirika. wolamulira wam'tsogolo wa Russia yokha, Boris Feodorovich Godunov, amene nkhani moyo chitsanzo cha zinthu zofunika zapadera chikhalidwe, anabadwa mu 1552 ku banja la yaing'ono mwinimunda Viazemsky chigawo. Ngati icho sichinali fluke, dzina lake sibwenzi anaonekera pa masamba a mbiri ya dziko.

Koma monga mukudziwa, mu nkhani amakonda anthu amene amadziŵa ntchito. Achinyamata ndi wofuna Boris anali mmodzi wa anthu basi. Iye ntchito chikoka m'bale wa bambo akewo, amene anakhala mu nthawi ya Ivana Groznogo mmodzi wa mfumu pafupifupi, ndipo, kugwirizana ndi asilikali amene anachoka mu mbiri ya mdima ndi wamagazi njira, anakonza zoti autocrat, anakantha bwalo mumtima mwake. Pamene anakhala mwana Malyuta Skuratov - mmodzi wa wamphamvu kwambiri ndi mamembala ambiri odious za anthu a chi - malo ake definitively mphamvu.

Imfa ya mfumu, amene anatsegula ziyembekezo latsopano Boris

Chotsatira ndi chimake cha mphamvu ukwati wa mlongo wake Irene ndi wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu, mwana wa Ivana Groznogo, limp ndi ofooka kalonga Fedor. Zimenezi zinathandiza mwini malo kakang'ono Viazemskii kukhala mmodzi wa amuna amphamvu kwambiri a nthawi. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amavomereza kuti zaka zomalizira za moyo wake aliuma ndipo autocratic mfumu anatenga ambiri a zochita mchikakamizo cha Godunov.

Koma kwenikweni nthawi Borisa Godunova anayamba atamwalira Ivan m'khutu ndi inalowa wake wachifumu wa mwana wake. Analandira korona wachifumu lamulo la motsatizana Fedor sanathe amalamulira dziko pamaziko a retardation maganizo, ndi akulu regency linakhazikitsidwa kuti acite nchito imeneyi. Amkazi wa mfumu wamng'ono sanali m'gulu iwo, koma mwa mitundu yonse ya zokhota pafupifupi anatsogolera boma kwa zaka zonse zinai za mkamwini.

Kukhazikitsa zabwino za boma

Iyi ndi nthawi amalembedwa ambiri anachita ake pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa Godunov Russian Orthodox anakhala autocephalous. Iwo ankapita ndi Yobu, amene adakula kutchuka lonse la dziko. Mu boma pa zaka ndi ambiri zinachitika yomanga mizinda ndi mipanda. Wanzeru ndi aluntha wolamulira Godunov anaitanidwa kuchokera kunja, amisiri kwambiri luso, amene anapereka kutsogolera chitukuko cha zomangamanga zoweta.

Mu likulu la ntchito zake kuyamba pa nthawi imeneyo zisanachitikepo luso - madzi, zida ndi mapampu ndi kugwirizana Moskva Mtsinje ndi bwalo khola. Pofuna kuteteza mzindawu Chitata nkhondo Godunov devyatikilometrovoy anayambitsa ntchito yomanga mpanda wa White City ndi mzere wa malinga kuti anali pa malo Garden lero mphete. Chifukwa cha iwo, likulu anapulumutsidwa pa kuukira kwa Khan Kazi Giray mu 1591.

Imfa ya wolowa khanda ufumu

Komanso mu 1591, chochitika zinachitika zinachititsa kuti nkhani ya amene Boris Godunov kwa Russia - zopindula kapena woipa amene amabweretsa, mpaka pano sangathe kupeza yankho lomveka bwino. chakuti pa 11 May m'mikhalidwe zamatsenga ndi osadziŵika akadali anapha mwana wamng'ono Ivana Groznogo - Tsarevich Dimitri, amene amaonedwa monga wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu. Aliyense ankadziwa kuti Godunov yaitali ndinalota la mpando wachifumu achifumu, choncho otchuka mphekesera analengeza ponena wake felony.

Iwo sanali kuthandiza ndi mapeto a ntchito kufufuza anatumiza kwa Uglich, kumene tsoka zinachitika. Pachabe tcheyamani ake, Prince Vasily Shumsky, wotchedwa chifukwa cha imfa inali ngozi. Izi zinangothandizira kulimbikitsa nkhambakamwa kuti yachifumu akuyendera chiwembu chofuna kulamulira ufumuyo ndi mwana wakupha - boyar Godunov. Ngakhale kupambana mu mfundo yachilendo nabwera ndi iwo pansi anataya pa Livonia nkhondo, sanasinthe kudana ambiri.

lotolo

Mu September 1598 (Godunova Borisa Fedorovicha yonena - mwachindunji umboni) moyo kuti munthu zinasintha mwadzidzidzi - atamwalira Tsar Fedor Ivanovich Zemsky Sobor anamupatsa wakale chipewa Monomakh. Ndinayamba kuwerenga zisanu ndi ziwiri ulamuliro. Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a ndondomeko yatsopano ya Mfumu izo umalimbana rapprochement ndi West, amene amapereka ufulu kukhala kufanana kwake ndi gulu la autocrat tsogolo la Peter ine, kukhazikitsa mu zonse.

Ngati inverter tsogolo Russia, Godunov anayesetsa kuchita anthu ake kupambana wa chitukuko dziko. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, analembetsa kuti azilandira Moscow alendo ambiri amene anasiya amaonekera pa mbiri ina ya dziko. Pakati pawo, pamodzi ndi asayansi ndi mapulani, panali nthumwi za malonda ammudzi, amene anayambitsa mabanja wotchuka ogulitsa. Ine anapindula lamuloli ndi asilikali Russian, amatilimbikitsa Akatswiri ambiri achilendo asilikali.

Chitsutso - chinsinsi ndi zoonekeratu

Koma, ngakhale kuti anachita zonse zabwino za mfumu adani ndale mu nkhope ya boyars akale potsutsana nafuna napasula mfumu naye. Iwo mobisa ndi moonekera anayesetsa kukaniza zochita zake zonse. Pamene 1601 mu dziko panali chilala, umene unatha zaka zitatu ndi unosshaya miyoyo ya anthu ambiri a anthu, boyars kufalitsa mphekesera pakati pa anthu kuti Chilango cha Mulungu kwa magazi a anthu osalakwa wa Tsarevich wotchedwa Dmitry.

Kuyesa kutsutsa adani awo zoweta Godunov anali amachita kupondereza. olemekezeka ambiri mu zaka, kunyongedwa kapena ku ukapolo. Koma achibale awo amene ankadana ndi mfumu ndipo zikuimira ngozi iye. Iwo akhazikitsa ndi Boris mdima misa.

Zomvetsa chisoni moyo ndi ulamuliro

The tsokali chachikulu iye anali kuoneka wotchedwa Dmitry onyenga, kumachita ngati anathawa Tsarevich Dimitri. Wonamizira kulikonse kufalitsa nkhani zonama zokhudza kumene adali ndi amene ndinali. Boris Godunov, ngati zopambana zomwe iye akanakhoza, anayesetsa kukaniza, koma khama lake anali pachabe - otsutsa wachita ntchito yake. Anthu mosavuta anakhulupirira distributable zopeka ndi kudana naye.

Wambiri ya Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov amasunga zambiri zinsinsi. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi moyo wa imfa yake, zotsatira April 13, 1605. Ngakhale kuti thanzi la mfumu pa nthawi ino mwatsatanetsatane kuonongedwa ndi kutopa ndi nkhawa mantha, pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti imfa ya Boris anali wachiwawa. ofufuza za munthu aliyense amaona kuti kuchoka kwawo ku moyo.

Zambiri zomwe nawo, si wamba, woonetsedwa mu mbiri yakale akuyembekezerabe Kuphunzira awo. Ife tikungodziwa chabe mukudziwa amene Boris Godunov, koma zimene zili mu kuya kwa umunthu wake m'zigawozigawo saona wathu.