Kodi wolandira ndi chiyani? Mitundu ndi zolinga za zovomerezeka

Nkhaniyi imalongosola zomwe zimalandira, chifukwa chomwe zimatumikira munthu, ndipo makamaka zimaganizira mutu wa otsutsa.

Biology

Moyo padziko lapansili ulipo pafupi zaka 4 biliyoni. Pa nthawi yosamvetsetseka ya kulingalira kwaumunthu, mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo zasintha , ndipo njirayi idzapitirira kwamuyaya. Koma ngati tikuwona kuchokera ku zogwirizana ndi sayansi zamoyo zonse, ndiye kuti kayendedwe kawo, kugwirizana kwake ndi kukhalapo kwabwino kumadabwitsa, ndipo zimakhudza ngakhale mitundu yosavuta. Ndipo ponena za thupi la munthu ndipo musanene kanthu! Malo aliwonse a biology yake ndi apadera ndi osangalatsa mwa njira yake.

Ife m'nkhani ino tikambirana zomwe zimalandira, chifukwa chake zimafunikira ndi zomwe zili. Mu izi tidzayesera kumvetsetsa momwe tingathere.

Ntchito

Malingana ndi deta ya encyclopedia, kulandila ndi mgwirizano wa mapeto a mitsempha ya mitsempha m'matumbo ena omwe amatsitsimutsidwa, ndi mawonekedwe enieni a maselo osakanikirana ndi maselo apadera a minofu yamoyo. Onse pamodzi akupanga kusintha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kukakamiza, kukhala ndi maganizo apadera . Tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe cholandira chiri.

Mitundu ina ya anthu obvomerezeka amadziŵa zomwe zimapezeka ndi maselo amodzi mwa maselo apadera omwe amachokera pachiyambi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, maselo amanjenje amasinthiratu pakukonzekera kwa chidziwitso pazotsutsana, koma kusiyana kwawo ndikuti iwo okha sangathe kupanga zofuna za mitsempha, koma amangotenga zochitika zopanda pake. Mwachitsanzo, masamba olawa amagwira ntchito ngati awa (iwo ali mu epithelium pamwamba pa lilime). Zochita zawo zimachokera ku chemoreceptors, zomwe zimayambitsa maganizo ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala kapena mankhwala osakanikirana.

Tsopano tikudziwa zomwe zimapatsa kukoma ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Kusankhidwa

Mwachidule, zovomerezeka zimayambitsa ntchito pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zowoneka. Ndipo kuwonjezera pa zooneka bwino, monga kuona kapena kumva, amalola munthu kumva ndi zochitika zina: kuthamanga, kutentha, chinyezi ndi zina zotero. Kotero ife tinasankha funso la zomwe receptors ali. Koma taonani iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Mitundu yomwe imayambitsa izi kapena zina zotengera zimatha kusintha zotsatirapo ndi zochita, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe (mabala ndi mabala), mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso magetsi kapena maginito! Zoona, ndi zotani zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azizindikira, koma sanakwaniritsidwe. Zimangodziwika kuti zenizenizi zilipo, koma zimapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu

Iwo amagawidwa kukhala zamoyo mogwirizana ndi malo awo m'thupi ndi osakondweretsa, chifukwa cha zomwe timalandira zikwangwani kumapeto kwa mitsempha. Ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane mndandanda wa zovomerezeka zokhala ndi zokwiyitsa zokwanira:

• Hemoretseptory - amene amachititsa kukoma ndi kununkhiza, ntchito yawo imadalira zotsatira za mankhwala osasinthasintha ndi ena.
• Osmoreceptors - amagwira nawo ntchito yotsimikizira kusintha kwa osmotic fluid, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa osmotic (izi ndizofanana pakati pa madzi osakaniza ndi osakaniza m'magazi).
• Mechanoreceptors - landirani zikwangwani zochokera kuthupi.
• Photoreceptors - chifukwa cha iwo maso athu amatenga kuwala koonekera.
• Thermoreceptors - ali ndi udindo wokhudzidwa ndi kutentha.
• Zopweteka zopweteka.

Kodi otsutsana ndi othandizira ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, izi ndi zinthu zomwe zingamangirire kwa mapulogalamu, koma osasintha zochita zawo. Ndipo agonist, mosiyana, sikuti amangomangirira, komanso amakhudza kwambiri receptor. Mwachitsanzo, izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa thupi. Amanyalanyaza kulandira mphamvu. Ngati iwo akutchedwa tsankho, ndiye kuti zochita zawo sizingatheke.