Chagos Chachilengedwe, chilumba cha Diego Garcia. Kufotokozera, chithunzi

Diego Garcia ndi chilumba chachikulu kwambiri pa Chagos Archipelago ku Indian Ocean. Mzindawu uli pakati pa Hindustan ndi Maldives, mtunda wa makilomita 1600 ndi 500 km. Ndilo chilumba chokha chokhazikika m'zilumba zonsezi.

Malo ake ali pafupi 25 km ² . Ndipo, pamodzi ndi zilumba zitatu zazing'ono zomwe Diego Garcia ali, ali chiwonongeko. Mapangidwe ake amachokera kufupi ndi chigwacho (iye, mwa njira, ali ndi mapiri ochokera kumapiri), miyala ya corals inayamba kuwonekera kwambiri.

Kulongosola mwachidule

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, Chagos ndi imodzi mwa malo akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Malo amtunda ndi 63.2 km², omwe gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a gawolo ndilo chilumba cha Garcia, molondola, 27 km².

Chigwa cha Chagos chili ndi mapulaneti 7, kuphatikizapo zisumbu zoposa 60 zozizira. Mogwirizana, Diego Garcia akunena za gawo la Britain, koma izi tsopano zikutsutsidwa ndi boma la Mauritius. Poganizira za kumapeto kwao, malowa ndi malo ake omwe akunenedwa amatanthauza malo ake akunja.

Garcia anakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16, mu 1512. Malinga ndi buku lina, Vasco da Gama amatchulidwa kuzilumbazi. Anatchula zomwe anapeza polemekeza wothandizira amene anali m'chombo.

Diego Garcia ndi nyanja yomwe ili ndi mapiko a coral. Chilumbachi ndi chigwa. Malo apamwamba kwambiri a mpumulo ndi mamita 7. Kutalika kwa nyanja yakunja kutalika kumafikira pafupifupi 70 km. Ndipo chizindikiro chokwanira chimasiyanasiyana kuchokera mamita 400 mpaka 3000 mamita. Mphepete mwa nyanja yamchere ndi zilumba zitatu zimayendayenda m'nyanjayi.

Anthu

Woyamba kulengeza ufulu pachilumbachi ndi Portugal. Poyamba, zilumba zonse, kuphatikizapo Diego Garcia (chilumba), zinali za France, kenako - Britain. Anthu oyambirira a gawo lofotokozedwawo anali alendo. Anthuwa anabwera kuchokera ku akapolo a ku Negro ochokera ku Africa, ndi Amwenye omwe anabwera kudzagwira ntchito. Asanatuluke, anthu pafupifupi 5,000 amakhala m'zilumbazi, makamaka Diego Garcia Atoll. Chilumbachi chikuletsedwa kuti chiyende kwa nthawi yaitali. Patangotha zaka 30 zokha, Khoti Lalikulu la Great Britain linatsimikizira kuti anthu amtunduwu anathamangitsidwa. Koma anthuwa sakanatha kubwerera kudziko lawo lakale, ndipo sitingathe kutero chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa mabwalo okwirira ndi magulu ankhondo pa atoll. Iwo ali pano mwa mgwirizano pakati pa Britain ndi America. Posachedwapa adaloledwa kukachezera chilumba kanthawi kochepa kuti akachezere makolo awo. Mu 2016, mgwirizanowu umatha pakati pa mayiko. Chifukwa chake, anthu ammudzi amakhulupirira kuti adzatha kubwerera kumayiko awo. Motero, gawo la Britain ku Indian Ocean m'madera ena ndi la America.

Ndizodabwitsa, koma pazilumbazi kuti musakumane ndi anthu osatha. Onsewa adakakamizidwa kuthamangitsidwa, ndipo ankhondo a Britain ndi America anakhazikika pazilumba, chiwerengero cha anthu pafupifupi 3,000.

Malo oyang'anira ntchito ndi malo okhala usilikali. Gawo lalikulu la ntchito ya anthu ndi ntchito za usilikali komanso ntchito zamakono.

Kupanga

Dziko la Britain ku Indian Ocean ligawidwa m'zilumba zambiri. Chilumbachi chikufotokozedwanso chili ndi magulu angapo. Zimaphatikizapo zilumba zinayi (kuphatikizapo yaikulu). Garcia ndi wamkulu pakati pawo. Kuwonjezera pa izo, pali zilumba pazilumbazi, monga Kumadzulo (kudutsa 3.4 hekta), Middle (ndi malo a 60,000 sq. M.) ndi Vostochny. Wotsirizirayo amakhala ndi kukula kwachiwiri (mamita 120,000 lalikulu).

Nyengo

Atoll Diego Garcia ili m'njira yotentha komanso yotentha. Chifukwa chake, nyengo ili mvula ndi yotentha, ngakhale mphepo ikuwomba kuchokera kumbali zonse. Nyengo imeneyi imapezeka kumphepete mwa nyanja kumayiko ena, makamaka kumpoto kwa India, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa USA, kumwera kwa South America. Chikhalidwe ndi chiyani, m'malo muno sichimapanga mphepo yamkuntho.

Diego Garcia ali kudera lamapiri otentha. Kawirikawiri mphepo ya pachaka ndi 2600 mm. Mwachitsanzo, mu miyezi ya chilimwe, mu August - 105 mm, ndipo mu Januwale - mpaka 350 mm. Izi, pamodzi ndi malo omwe ali pachilumbacho, amafotokozera pafupifupi chaka chonse chinyezi (pafupifupi 80%). Kutentha kwa mwezi pamwezi pa atoll ndi 26 ° ... + 28 ° С. Tsiku lililonse limadutsa chizindikiro cha 30 ° С.

Flora

Ngakhale kuti nyengo yazitentha, dziko lapansi ndi zinyama m'madera amenewa sizimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Chikhalidwe cha atoll chikufanana ndi khalidwe la Maldives.

Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitengo ya kanjedza yomwe imalimidwa pa mafakitale, ndipo tsopano ikukula, ndi nzimbe. Zotsatira zoterezi zinapangitsa malo okhalapo zisumbu pazilumbazi.

Zinyama

Kumene kuli malo okongola a Chagos, limafotokoza chifukwa chake madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja akuzunguliridwa ndi miyala yamchere. M'madzi muli mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zam'tchire, monga lionfish ndi zebrafish. Pakati pa oimira ena pano mukhoza kupeza mavuto ambiri: barracuda, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabala aang'ono ndi a nsomba zing'onozing'ono (tiger, ziphuphu, ndi zina zotero) akusambira m'matanthwe kufunafuna chakudya. Komanso m'malo awa amapezeka mollusks ndi arthropods zambiri. Madzi a m'zilumbazi ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikopa za m'nyanja.

Makamaka ayenera kulipira mbalame zodyera pachilumbachi. Asayansi ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya mbalame zomwe zimakhala pamatope. Zitha kunenedwa kuti mbalame zam'mlengalenga ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri zinyama za chilumba ichi.

Atoll Diego Garcia ndi malo a mtundu wapadera wa ctenellachagius. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ya ubongo wamakorali. Ndipo monga asayansi apeza pano Chagoss anemone.