Ndi mayiko ati Russia ali ndi malire a dziko? Dziko la Russia limadutsa malire: mapu, mapu ndi mayiko

Kukula kwakukulu kwa malire a Russian Federation kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwake kwa gawo lake, monga ulamuliro waukulu padziko lonse. Kuchuluka kwa makilomita 60,932 kutalika kwake, dziko la Russia limadutsa pamapu ndiposa 36 peresenti - makilomita 22,125. Kumpoto ndi kummawa, pali malire pa nyanja za Arctic ndi Pacific Ocean, ndipo malire a dziko la Russia akufutukula kumadzulo kwa dzikoli ndi kum'mwera.

Malire atsopano a Russian Federation

Malire ndi mzere umene umayenderera padziko lonse lapansi ndikukhazikitsa malire a ulamuliro wa dzikoli. Mzerewu umakhazikitsidwa ndi zikalata zalamulo pakati pa zomwe (kudula), ndipo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zizindikiro za malire pamtunda.

Chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Soviet Union, dziko la Russia linapezeka kuti linali lovuta, popeza kuonekera malire atsopano omwe poyamba ankaonedwa ngati oyang'anira ndi apakati. Iwo amayenera kukhala okonzeka, omwe angafune ndalama zazikulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, malire akale anali pamalire a omwe kale anali mgwirizano. Popeza dziko la Russia lili ndi malire a dziko lapansi, malire onse a Russia akhoza kugawa m'magulu angapo.

1. Okalamba omwe Russia anabadwira ku Soviet Union: ndi mayiko a kumpoto kwa Ulaya, Poland, komanso China, Mongolia ndi North Korea. Iwo ali okonzeka ndipo, makamaka, amawongolera.

Malire olamulira ndi mabungwe omwe kale anali a Union, omwe tsopano akukhala malire a boma. Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• Ndi mayiko a CIS ;
• Ndi maiko a Baltic.

Malire awa sali okonzeka mokwanira komanso omveka. Sikuti onse apita kumapeto kwa kudula ndi kulekanitsa. Nkhani zonse zotsutsana sizinakwaniritsidwe koma si malire onse otetezedwa. Kuti muwone bwino kuti dziko la Russia lili ndi malire otani, n'zotheka kuwagawa m'madera otsatirawa.

Kumpoto chakumadzulo

Mbali ya kumpoto kwa malire a RF kumtunda kudutsa kupyola Arctic Circle. Malo oyandikana ndi dziko la Russia kumpoto chakumadzulo, poyamba, Norway. Kutalika kwake kuli kochepa - kosakwana makilomita mazana awiri ndipo kumapitirira zigawo za tundra ndi mtsinje wa mtsinje, osakhala ndi zizindikiro zachilengedwe zokwanira. Pakati pa malire ndi zomera za ku Norway ndi Russia ndikumanga njira zoyendetsa. Mzere wa malirewo sakhala wosasunthika ndi wosakhazikika kuyambira 1826 pambuyo pa zaka zamakangano pakati pa maiko awiriwa kuti akhale ndi Kola Peninsula. Panopa, palibe mikangano pakati pa Norway ndi Russia. Kuchokera ku Russian Federation kupita kumalire omwe akulowa m'dera la Murmansk.

Komanso, dziko la Russia lili ndi malire a dziko la Finland, pafupifupi makilomita 1,300, kutsika phiri, madambo ndi nyanja-linakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa mgwirizano wa mgwirizano wa Paris mu 1947. Palibenso malire achilengedwe. Kudera la Russia, malire atatu a Finland: dera la Murmansk, Karelia ndi St. Petersburg. Webusaitiyi ndi yofunika kwa ntchito zamalonda zakunja.

Malo apadera a dera la Kaliningrad

Malo a Kaliningrad, omwe ali pamphepete mwa Nyanja ya Baltic komanso okhala pakati pa dziko la Russia ndi mwayi wopita kunyanja, ali ndi malire ndi Poland kwa makilomita 250, komanso ndi Lithuania, mtunda wa makilomita 300, akudutsa mtsinje wa Neman. Kufufuzidwa ndi Lithuania kunatulutsidwa mu 1997, koma nkhani zina zotsutsana sizinasinthe. Ndi Poland, palibe nkhani zotsutsana zokhudzana ndi malire.

Kumalire ndi mayiko a Baltic

Kudutsa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa nyanja, mapiri aang'ono, malire akumadzulo amayandikira Nyanja ya Azov. M'dera lino, mayiko ena oyandikana nawo a ku Russia amanena kuti ndimadera ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, Estonia ndi Latvia zinanena kuti madera ambiri a dera la Pskov ali ndi dera lonse la makilomita oposa zikwi zitatu. Kutalika kwa chi Belaresi-Mpaka malire wa Russia ndi makilomita chikwi chimodzi. M'mayiko onse omwe Russia ali ndi malire a dziko lapansi, izi ndizozakhazikika kwambiri, ndipo palibe mavuto amtundu pakati pa mayiko, ndipo kuyambira 2011 palibe njira zolamulira pamalire. Ikhoza kudutsa momasuka nthawi iliyonse ndi pamalo alionse. Tsambali likukhalabe malo ofunika kwambiri oyendetsa dziko lozungulira Russia ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Border ndi Ukraine

Russia ili ndi malire a dziko ndi Ukraine pafupi makilomita 1,300 mtunda, ndipo mfundo yaikulu ndi iyi ndi Crimea. Mipingo yofanana ya mayiko atatu - Ukraine, Belarus ndi Russia anadziwika pa nthawi ya Soviet, ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, chigawo cha Ukraine chinawonjezeka chifukwa cha mayiko omwe adachokera ku mayiko a Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ku Soviet Union. Dziko la Russia ndi Ukraine lili malire ndi madera angapo - mzere wa malirewo unakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, ndipo mu 2014, maiko a dzikoli anaipiraipira chifukwa cha chilumba cha Crimea, chomwe Ukraine chimayang'ana gawo lake. Komabe, kusamutsidwa kwa Crimea kupita ku Ukraine mu 1954 sikunali kovomerezeka kwathunthu, ndipo Sevastopol anali atapatsidwa kale udindo wa chipatala chosiyana cha utsogoleri wa dziko la Republican, ndipo panalibe chigamulo pa kusamutsidwa kwake konse. Chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wovuta pakati pa mayiko, dziko la Russia likuyenera kuganizira za kukhazikitsa njanji zatsopano.

Mapiri okwera mapiri a Russia

Dziko la Russia limadutsa kum'mwera kuchokera kumtsinje wa Psou ndipo limadutsa pamtunda waukulu wa Caucasus Wamkulu, ndiyeno kupitiliza kuchigwa cha Samur kupita ku Nyanja ya Caspian. Russia ndi mayiko ena oyandikana nawo pamtunda wa makilomita chikwi ndi Georgia ndi Azerbaijan. Pano malire akudutsa bwinobwino kudera lachilengedwe, monga momwe mapiri aakulu sanavomereze kukhazikika pamtunda wotere. Komabe, dera lamalireli ndilo vuto lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo mayiko a Russia ali ndi malire a dziko. Mkhalidwe wachilengedwe wovuta kwambiri, kusiyana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu ndi zovuta zandale ndizochitika pa tsamba ili. Chipale chosalekeza pamwamba pa mapiri a Caucasus, mitambo yambiri ndi mapiri a glaciers ndizovuta zowononga kuti cholinga chenicheni cha malirecho chikhazikitsidwe. Deta imeneyi ndi yofunikira pokonzekera malire ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo chake. Ndipo izi, zowonjezera, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndalama zamtengo wapatali.

Kulankhulana kwapakati pa malire a Caucasus

Kuyankhulana kwa maulendo ndi maiko a Transcaucasian ndizovuta. Pa njanji ziwiri za m'mphepete mwa msewu, imodzi yokha ikugwira ntchito mokwanira, ikugwirizanitsa Azerbaijan ndi Dagestan. Chachiwiri, kudutsa mu Abkhazia, sichigwira ntchito chifukwa cha zotsutsana zazandale ndi zachuma za Georgia zotsutsana ndi Abkhazia. Misewu iwiri ya ku Georgia imayikidwa kudutsa, koma iyenso amafunika kukonzanso kwakukulu. Palinso misewu ndi misewu ya alendo, koma ndi abwino kugwiritsa ntchito m'chilimwe. Zolepheretsa zachilengedwe ndi mgwirizano wa ndale zikulepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwachuma. Vuto ndiloti pa nthawi ya Soviet zinthu zonse zinakhazikitsidwa monga mabungwe amodzi, zimasowa kugwira ntchito pamodzi.

Mavuto a malire a Caucasus

M'dera lino ndi mabungwe osadziwika a Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia. Kuti mudziwe malire, choyamba, nkofunika kuthetsa mkangano pakati pa mabungwewa ndi Georgia. Tsopano magawo akudutsa m'madera a mayiko a Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, KChR ndi Ingushetia agwirizanitsidwa, koma nkhani zambiri zofunika pakati pa Russia ndi Georgia sizinathetsedwe panobe. Kwenikweni, malire a malire ndi Azerbaijan amavomerezana, komabe pakadalibe zotsutsana.

Komabe, vuto lalikulu muderali ndikumenyana ndi zida, kusokoneza maganizo ndi mikangano yosagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko la Russia ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo. Muzochitika izi, chiwerengero cha kusamuka chimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndondomeko yomvetsetsa malire atsopano ndi anthu a ku Caucasus ndi ovuta. Makamaka ngati sagwirizana ndi mafuko. Choncho, imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa ndi malire a malire ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ubale ndi anthu ammudzi. Komabe, gawo ili la malire likukhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo kulumikizana kumalire ndi ntchito za Transcaucasian zikukhazikitsidwa.

Malire ndi Kazakhstan

Malire a dziko la Russia akukwera kuchokera kumphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian kudutsa m'mphepete mwa chipululu cha Caspian mpaka kumapiri a Altai kwa makilomita oposa 7,500 - malire ndi Kazakhstan, omwe ali aakulu kwambiri m'litali ndipo amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zachilengedwe ku Altai. Chigwirizano chotsutsa chidalembedwa pakati pa mayiko. Mpaka uwu pakati pa Kazakhstan ndi Russia ndi chinthu chodabwitsa pa dziko lapansi osati kokha ndi kutalika kwa malire olowa, koma komanso mwachinsinsi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti imagawana mayiko ndi miyambo yosiyana yachipembedzo. Zomwe zimakhala bwino pamtunda zimapangitsa malo akumalire kuyenda bwino. Popeza kuti nthawi ya Soviet yopanga kayendedwe kamodzi ndi kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka galimoto, magalimoto ambiri ndi sitimayi amapita kumalire omwe kale anali olamulira komanso panopa, nthawi zina kangapo. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mayiko awiriwa akhala akuyesera kuchepetsa kudalira kwa kayankhulidwe kawo komwe kumayandikana nawo. Chifukwa chaichi, misewu yatsopano ndi njanji zimamangidwa.

Kuwonjezeka kwa China ku Russia

Dzikoli limadutsa Russia kuchokera ku Altai kupita ku Pacific Ocean makamaka kudutsa m'mapiri. Kutalika kwa malire ozungulira ndi Mongolia ndi pafupifupi 3,000 makilomita. Malonjezano okhudzana ndi kudula malire ndi malire a malire a mgwirizanowo akhala akulembedwa pakati pa mayiko. Ubale wakhala ukuzikidwiratu chifukwa cha ubwenzi ndi mgwirizano.

Ponena za mayiko a Russia omwe ali ndi malire a dziko lapansi, ndizofunikira kukhala ndi zambiri pa ubale wa Russia ndi China. Malire ndi PRC ndi apadera kwambiri, pogawanitsa zandale ndi zandale zosiyanasiyana, komabe sizotsutsana ndi kukula kwa dziko lino ku dziko la Russia. Kuwonjezeka uku sikupita kokha kudera la Russia, komanso Kazakhstani imodzi, yomwe imayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kuwonetsera kwake. Ndipotu, mbali ya malire a Russian Federation ndi PRC tsopano ndi malire a mgwirizano pakati pa China, mbali imodzi, ndi Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Tajikistan, pambali inayo. Tsopano kutalika kwa malire a malire pakati pa China ndi Russia ndiposa 4,000 makilomita.

Kuwonetsa malire ndi China

Msonkhanowu unali pafupi kale mpaka 1999, koma mafunso adakalipo pafupi ndi madera aang'ono awiri, omwe ali ndi ngozi yolimbirana mgwirizano m'tsogolomu. Kumalizira komalizira kwa malire kunachitika mu 2005 chifukwa cha kugonjera kwa dziko la Russia. Pakalipano, China imalandira madalitso ochulukirapo kusiyana ndi dziko la Russia. Akukakamizidwa kuthana ndi vuto lovuta la kusamuka kwa anthu a ku China mosavomerezeka ndi kuwombera kwawo.

Kutalika kwa dziko la Russia kuli malire ndi North Korea - makilomita oposa 17, ndipo akuthamanga pamtsinje wa Tumangan - ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la malire. Pa chilumba chaching'ono cha mtsinje uwu pali malo odabwitsa. Limaphatikiza malire atatuwa - Russia, China ndi North Korea. Mapangano onse okhudzana ndi kudula malire ndi malire a malire pakati pa DPRK ndi Russian Federation ayesedwa, ndipo palibe magawano.