Caspian Depression: Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe

Caspian Depression, malo Hrs amene anatsimikiza ndi dera la pansi wakale nyanja - lathyathyathya mtunda ndi akutambasula lathyathyathya m'dziko, amakonda kuti waukulu mchere nyanja ya dziko - ndi ya Caspian. Lokwererapo ili zokopa zambiri za chiyambi zosiyanasiyana. Anthu choyambirira ndi Kalmyks.

kufotokoza mwa chidule

Kudera limeneli pafupifupi youma, nthawi zina kuona mapiri aang'ono ndi zitunda. Ndi Small ndi Big Bogdo phiri Inder. Grounds Caspian maganizo kukupitirira 700 Km m'litali ndi 500 Km lonse. Pamafunika 200 sq. makilomita okwana dera. Ku mbali zingapo wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri Volga, malo okwera Ural ndi zitunda. Kugombe la nyanja Caspian kumpoto, ndi Russian Plain mu mbali kum'mwera kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan - dera malire otchedwa Caspian maganizo. Pa mapu hemispheres malo Tingaone yeniyeni.

Mtsinje ndi chigwa maukonde ndi underdeveloped. M'zigwa imakhala ya dongo ndi mchenga. Pakuti mpumulo wa gawo amakhala ndi kayendedwe ka matanthwe a pansi padziko, amene anatsagana ndi kukula kwa gullies, sinkholes, kugumuka.

madzi kumtunda

Caspian lowland anawoloka ndi mitsinje akuluakulu sikisi (Ural, Volga, Terek, Emba, Kuma, Sulak) ndi mitsinje angapo ang'onoang'ono. Last chilimwe nyengo zambiri adzauma kwathunthu, kupanga akonzedwa maenje. Volga - ndi kuchulukitsa ndi motalikitsa zigwa mtsinje. Kudyetsa mitsinje zonse amadzimadzi ndi chifukwa chisanu ndi pansi. Ambiri mwa nyanja awa abwino, koma palinso mchere. Wotchuka mchere nyanja ya malo - izo Inderskoe nyanja, ndi malo a 75 sq. Km.

mbali structural

Caspian Depression, kutalika amene zimasiyanasiyana makamaka mu 100 m, ali ndi chithunzi wotsikitsitsa, womwe ndi mbali Kum'mwera limatuluka mamita 25 kapangidwe Geological gawolo wapangidwa nyumba zikuluzikulu tectonic :. Ergeninskoy zomwe zili, Caspian kwambiri maganizo, komanso Nogai , Terek. Kamodzi m'dera la chigwa kalekale anasefukira madzi a nyanja, kotero kuti kumanzere dongo ndipo loam madipoziti kuchokera kumpoto ndi mchenga - kuchokera kum'mwera.

Wapadera Baer knolls

Caspian Depression ali ang'ono ndi lalikulu mphako, mitsinje, mangongo, zigwembe ndi m'mphepete - Baer knolls anakafika lamizeremizere. Iwo anayamba pakati pakamwa mitsinje Kuma ndi Emba. kutalika zawo zimasiyanasiyana 10 45 m, kutalika ndi pafupifupi 25 Km ndipo m'lifupi - 200-300 mamita Distance pakati pa zitunda Baer n'chodabwitsa -. 1-2 Km. mapangidwe Izi mpumulo ofanana ndi chongopeka anapanga ndi mafunde nyanja. Nsonga za otsetsereka awo lonse ndi wofatsa. Fotokozani iwo akhoza kukhala osiyana, chifukwa Kuwonjezera monotype. Mbali yoyamba, iwo zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo pozdnehvalynskim mchenga ndi lachiwiri - rannehvalynskoy dongo, mchenga overlapped.

Magwero a n'chodabwitsa awa akadali bwinobwino. Pali zingapo malingaliro:

• Yoyamba - ndi chifukwa cha shallowing kwa Nyanja ya Caspian.
• Wachiwiri amalankhula za chiyambi tectonic.
• Umboni wachitatu nyanja glacial.

Koma pali zinadziwika kulephera Mabaibulo awa. Chifukwa malo Baire hillocks pafupi gombe pali kusintha mu dongosolo lawo ndi tanthauzo. Kutaya mawonekedwe ake uli chifupi ndi kumpoto, iwo m'malo mwa ziboliboli zina.

nyengo

Caspian maganizo - malo kumene okhazikika "alendo" ndi anticyclones, amene anabwera kuchokera mu kuya kwa Asia. Koma ndi zowononga zovuta, chifukwa ichi ndi nyengo youma kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira ndi zimakhalanso zolimba ndi chisanu pang'ono, kutentha zimasiyanasiyana - ^za 8 C kwa ^pafupifupi -14 C. Chilimwe otentha zokwanira m'deralo. July kutentha +22 ... +23 ° ^C. Mu mbali kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa mathithi 150-200 mamilimita a mvula, ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo - 350 mm. Evaporation 1000 mm. Humidification ndi osakwanira kwambiri. Yodziwika ndi mphepo youma ndi mikuntho fumbi. Iwo ndi mapiri otchedwa milu.

nthaka Features

Caspian maganizo, kapena m'malo dzikolo, ndi mitundu yambiri ku Brown kuwala bulauni chipululu-steppe. nthaka kwambiri saline. Inali kumpoto kwa steppe ndi monga chimanga ndi chowawa, kum'mwera ndi theka-m'zipululu ndi zipululu, kumene makamaka sagebrush. Mwa dziko chimakhala chogwidwa ndi msipu. olimapo chimakwirira zosakwana 20% a gawo, makamaka Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. Apa iwo kukula gourds, munda, masamba kukula. Mu mafuta ndi gasi Ural-Emba akhazikitsidwa pafupi mafuta ndi gasi kupanga mu nyanja Elton ndi Baskunchak tebulo mchere amapangidwa. Komanso Baskunchak wolemera gypsum ndi laimu, amene kupanga pachaka matani pafupifupi 50.

dziko nyama

Zachilengedwe anakhudzidwa ndi zinyama European. Caspian chigwa cha kumpoto anthu ferrets, marmots, raccoons, mbewa, madzi. Chabwino anayamba nsomba nsomba: Nsombazi, stellate Nsombazi, ndi ena. Nyama yofunikira kwambiri amaonedwa zisindikizo m'deralo. M'mphepete, mu Turgai m'nkhalango alipidwa zosiyanasiyana mbalame, pali komanso kunyumba kwa insa, nkhandwe, hedgehogs opindika m'makona, mbewa yoyenda modumpha, mbewa, larks.