Zoological Museum wa Moscow State University. Zoological Museum wa Moscow State University pa Nikitskaya: maulendo, mitengo, ndemanga

Pamene Russian Academy of Sciences Zoological Museum apo, ndi yaikulu m'dziko lathu ndi madera wotanganidwa, ndi buku la ndalama. lachiwiri wagwira molimba bungwe amenewa pa MSU. Zoological Museum pa Nikitskaya ndi pakati pa khumi waukulu mabungwe dziko la mbiri ofanana.

ogula wotchuka Russia

Mbiri ya chilengedwe ake ali. Mu 1802, boma linakhazikitsa pempho zopereka maphunziro. Mwa oyambirira kubwera kutsogolo anali zachilengedwe, wasayansi ndi wofuna kuthandiza Pavel Grigorevich Demidov (1739-1821), mbadwa ya mafumu otchuka. Ntchito yake chosadzikonda ndi yaikulu kwambiri - pa ndalama zake mu 1803, iye akutsegula School of Sciences Zapamwamba, amene dzina lake mpaka 1919. Kena ayika ndalama kuchuluka kwa 100 000 rubles, laibulale yaikulu ndi kusonkhanitsa paulendo wake padziko dziko la sayansi zachilengedwe mndandanda wa m'tsogolo wa Moscow State University. Zoological Museum uka chifukwa zopereka izi. Komanso, mu 1805, PG Demidov amatumiza Moscow University Mintz nduna, omwe m'nyumba chopereka chuma (zikwi zingapo), ndalama ndi mendulo. Chuma ndipo kenako anapanga thumba zofunika anapanga kale mu 1791, "nduna ya mbiri achilengedwe."

njira akatswiri

Mu 1755, lamulo la Mfumukazi Elizabeth maziko a University Imperial wa Moscow - Moscow State University. Museum The Zoological ndi zaka 36 wamng'ono, kuti samaletsa iye chimodzi cha wamkulu mabungwe zachilengedwe sayansi. Iye anali ndi zaka 215. Pambuyo "nduna za mbiri chachibadwidwe" Polemeretsedwa kwambiri khama woyang'anira P. G. Demidova, panafunika dongosolo iwo. ntchito udindo anapatsidwa ndi kukhazikika bwino (munamutcha mndandanda wa ofesi ofanana mu Paris) Russian zachilengedwe GI Fischer (zonse dzina - Grigory Ivanovich (Johann Gottgelf, Gotthelf) Fischer Von Waldheim, zaka za moyo - 1771-1853). Wophunzira ntawiri wa G. Cuvier, wolemba wa nkhani yolembedwa "Pa kupuma nyama," G. I. Fisher ukakana a University of Jena, anamuitana bungwe lake "nduna ya History Natural," ndipo anakhalabe mu Moscow, MSU m'tsogolo. Museum The Zoological linakhazikitsidwa ndi zochita zake.

ntchito chosadzikonda

Mu zaka 1806-1807 iye kufufuza loyamba la zopereka zonse zinachitikadi, kuphatikizapo ndalama ndi mendulo. Monga amadziwika, mu 1812, Moscow linali kuyaka. moto anapha kwambiri nyumba chamtengo Kutolere Museum wa Zoological za m'tsogolo anali pafupi inawonongedwa. Ndi patriot la Russia Grigory Ivanovich Fisher, amene pa nthawi ya moto akhoza kupulumutsa ena conchological (zipolopolo ndi nkhono) zosonkhanitsira, anayamba kubwezeretsa "nduna" kudutsa izo zopereka zanu, zopereka ndi laibulale. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro munthu ndi kutchuka mu asayansi, akatulukire kwa naturalists ndipo ndizo misonkhano payekha kuthandiza pa ntchito yomanga m'nyumbayi wa womwalirayo, chitsitsimutso chimene izo zikanakhala zotheka kuti kale mu 1814. Zochuluka chachiwiri mwachita G. I. Fisherom, inatha mu 1822, ndipo zimene iwo anapeza ake anasindikizidwa. Imodzi ndi Zoological zosonkhanitsira anali allocated systematization ndalama, ndi m'nyumbayi yatsopano ku yunivesite anali anakhazikitsa maziko ake. Ndi 1830, chifukwa cha ntchito chosadzikonda cha G. I. Fishera, chiwerengero cha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho mpaka mamiliyoni 25.

ndi ziŵalo kofunika

The patsogolo awa akhala ikuchitika kale mu 1860. Ndiye nyumbayi onse anali ogaŵikana maphunziro kafukufuku ndi kulongosola. Alendo kubwera Zoological Museum wa Moscow State University. University anatsegula mu 1866. Kumene, mu zaka zonse linakhalapo izo zachitika mofulumira ndipo chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chipinda pambali kwa iye, inayamba kuchepa. Ndipo kotero zaka 1989-1902 kwa nyumbayi inamangidwa latsopano atatu-storey nyumba ya ntchito apadera maphunziro, otengera kwa makolo wamanga K. M. Bykovskogo, pa nthawi imeneyo - wazomangamanga mkulu wa University Moscow. Iwo anamanga ndi nyumba yunivesite pa Field Namwali. Nikitskaya koma nyumba yokongola ya Museum wa Zoological, K. M. Bykovskim inamangidwa laibulale ndi zochitachita zingapo za thupi.

Wokongola nyumba, wopangidwa kalembedwe tingachipeze powerenga, ili mu mtima mwa likulu. The pokwerera masitima okwerera sitima - "Library iwo. Lenin "ndi" Okhotny Ryad ". Chimayenda ndi m'nyumbayi wa nyumba zakale Moss. Atasamukira kowonera zakale anthu amakhala yekha mu 1911.

Soviet kukonzanso

Mu 1930, Museum Zoological wa Moscow State University mu Moscow anapatsidwa mphamvu ya Biology. A ziŵalo zazikulu zinachitika mu 90s Mu zaka zapitazo. Pambuyo mavuto onse m'nyumbayi amapeza ndi maudindo palokha. Pakali pano, ndalama kafukufuku kufika mamiliyoni angapo. Iwo anapita ndi anthu 150,000 chaka, chiwerengero cha maulendo ikuchitika mu nthawi yomweyo 1700. The chithunzi ukufika m'zinenero pali zambiri woyengeka ndi yaikulu zambiri pa mtundu uliwonse wa zopereka sayansi. Atatu okonzeka kuonera chipinda kuperekedwa kwa alendo - awiri pansi choyamba, chimodzi (Bone Hall) - pa lachiwiri. zopereka zonse zimamangidwa pa kuyandikana zenizeni, kuchokera losavuta kuti inakhala ya.

kafukufuku aakulu

Research Zoological Museum MSU amachita ntchito yaikulu - kuyesa ndi bungwe kudziwa za nyama ambiri, za panopa makamaka. Choncho, kuchokera alipo zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho 10 miliyoni 8 yekha, monga nthumwi ya zinyama yapadera dziko Mwachitsanzo, yaikulu komanso yakula Goliyati kachilomboka ndi mazana a ndalama zina zapadera. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Muscovites kuyamba kukaona m'nyumbayi ndili wamng'ono kwambiri - apa panabwera ndi mwana chaka chimodzi ndi kukhuta ndi ulendo wa. Zoological Museum wa Moscow State University, ndemanga imene ambiri abwino kwambiri, kwenikweni zabwino kwambiri, amasunga limodzi ndi nthawi, kupereka "tchipisi" zonse zimene kukopa ndi kulimbikitsa waukulu zotheka chiwerengero cha alendo. Ndipo amamuongolera izo ntchito anthu zimakhala zodabwitsa. Koma nthawi zonse pamene inu pitani owonetsera zakale aliyense mu dziko pali anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti atsogoleri kulankhula mofewa, ndipo zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi fumbi. chithunzi chikusonyeza kuti izo siziri.

mitengo tikiti, ndemanga, chidwi mfundo

Onetsetsani zopereka zokongola ndi waudindo, pitani m'nyumbayi. tikiti mtengo - chabe $ 100 kwa mwanayo m'gulu la ulendo, panali anthu osachepera 20. Pakuti wamkulu ndi utumiki ulendo - 250 rubles, popanda ulendo - 200. Pali dongosolo kusintha phindu, free tsiku siyana wapadera wa anthu ndi usiku ufulu kwa chaka. chidwi kwambiri magaziniyo zisudzo. Ena amagula matikiti pasadakhale yolipiriratu. Mpaka kuwonjezera ochepa mfundo zosangalatsa - nthawi zina mu nyumba ya Professor A. N. Severtseva, ili mu nyumba zakale, amene anali tate wa zamoyo zinachita kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe nyama anakhala Marina Tsvetaeva. Ndipo anatumikira monga zinachitika wa ziphona "mazira Dzitetezeni" M. A. Bulgakova.