Canterbury Cathedral (UK): kufotokoza, chithunzi

Mu kugombe la kum'mwera-kum'mawa kwa England, mu wa chigawocho la Kent, limatuluka majestically wotchuka ndi wamkulu dongosolo Gothic m'derali, chuma cha zaka za Chikhristu - Canterbury Cathedral (boma dzina - The Cathedral ndi akumatauni mpingo wa Canterbury). kachisi uyu, chithunzi lomwe limasonyeza ndi mphamvu, kwa mazana a zaka anatumikira monga likulu Akhristu British.

Mpaka tsopano lodabwitsa mapulani chipilala ali anapitiriza kukoma kwake ndipo amagwira ntchito monga okhala mutu wa Church of England ndi Anglican Mgonero - Bishopu wamkulu wa Canterbury.

Nkhani akuyamba

Canterbury Cathedral amanyadira za mbiri yake yaitali, omwe unalembedwa pa nthawi imene chilumba British osafikiridwa ndi Aroma. M'nyengo kuti kutali ndi kachisi wa Amitundu ali pano. Kale pambuyo chilumbacho anachezeredwa ndi Aroma, malo a nsembe inasanduka wakunja opatulika (ichi chinachitika padziko m'ma V).

Papa Gregory ndimafuna kufalitsa Chikhristu apa: Mu nkhani imeneyi, abbot wakale wa agulupa ya St. Andrew ku Rome, Augustine wa Canterbury anapatsidwa malamulo bungwe mishoni ku British Isles, cholinga ndiko kuthetseratu chikunja ndi kulalikidwa kwa Chikhristu.

Chifukwa cha ulendo waumishonale mu 597 nakhala Canterbury Cathedral, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo lake, polemekeza woyang'anira woyera wa Yesu Khristu. Komanso, kunja kwa mpanda wa mzinda inamangidwa agulupa ya Oyera Petro ndi Paulo, yomwe kenako anadzatchedwa polemekeza St. Augustine. Apa ife m'manda mudzi wa mabishopu.

The wovulala loyamba

Cathedral, ku funso (mu England iwo akutchedwa monga Canterbury Cathedral) mobwerezabwereza adzamangidwenso. Choncho, patatha kukonza kunja anali ngati tchalitchi cha St. Peter ku Rome. Mu X atumwi mozungulira nyumba achipembedzo panabuka Benedicto obisika.

Chiyambi cha m'ma XI wasiya chizindikiro chisoni pa mbiri ya tchalitchi - iye zinawonongeka ndithu ku Scandinavia, kubwezeretsa sikunali kotheka. Mwadzidzidzi anaukira Danes anagwira ndipo kenako anaphedwa Bishop Alfeydzha, amene anakhala Bishop woyamba wa Canterbury ofera.

Mfundo yomaliza mbiri ya Chikhristu, pakati pa nthawi ya British Isles kuika moto zimene zinachitika theka patapita zaka.

Latsopano Mpweya Cathedral

Ndipo mu zaka 3 pambuyo pa ngoziyo, mu 1070, anayamba kumanga mpingo watsopano pa malo a nyumba zachipembedzo kutenthedwa. Iye anali kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga woyamba Norman Bishop Lanfranc, amene adatsekereza positi kwa zaka 7.

Canterbury Cathedral, chithunzi lomwe limasonyeza mmene nyumba yatsopano amaoneka ngati agulupa ya St. Stephen ku France, kumene kale anatumikira monga rector, walandira moyo watsopano. Ngakhale miyala yomanga linabweretsedwa ku Bishopu wamkulu kwawo. 1077 zinali zodzaza ndi kudzipereka kwa kumene anamangidwira Mkhristu Center ndi linatsegulidwa kwa anthu.

magazi Choyamba m'dzina la chipembedzo

Canterbury Cathedral waona zinthu zambiri pa moyo wake. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa yowala ndipo ambiri momvetsa chisoni wamantha kuphedwa Thomas Becket. nkhani imeneyi inayamba pa chiyambi cha m'ma XII, pamene England Mfumu Henry II Plantagenet yoikidwiratu bwenzi lake lapamtima, Ambuye Chancellor a Becket, mutu wa mpingo wa Anglican. Woikidwa, Ambuye Thomas anatenga udindo uwu aulemu, koma kusiyana pandale maganizo ndi Mfumu ya England ndi Mbuye wa Zabwinotu kulimbikitsa mpingo anatsogolera chakuti December 29, 1170 mkulu wa Henry II, anaphedwa ndi Ankhondo a guwa lansembe loyera a tchalitchi.

Kenaka, mfumu analapa zochita zake, ndipo monga ngati chiwombolo mlandu inapita aweruze anapha woyera (chochitika zinachitika zaka zitatu pambuyo pa imfa alikibishopu mmalo mwa zaka zisanu). Thomas Becket wachiwiri Way mabishopu ofera amene anaphedwa pa utumiki wa Mpingo wa ku Canterbury.

Mphamvu ya machilitso ya Thomas Becket

Kwa nthawi yaitali manda a ansembe amaonedwa malo kuchiritsa odwala, chaka kukopa mazana Cathedral pofuna kuchiza. Mwa alendo malo m'manda a Becket anali olemekezeka amene anabweretsa zopereka. Zinatsala ndalama Haji anapita yokonzanso. Temple, zithunzi zomwe zikuonetsa kuti kukonzanso wake padera ndalama zambiri, tsopano akanatha kupereka okha.

Komabe, mu 1174 iye kachiwiri anapulumuka moto zinachititsa kuti anatentha zigawo matabwa a dongosolo la. Sikuti anavutika crypt, omwe akugwirabe chikuoneka pa kukhazikitsanso lapansi. Onse a nyumba anamanganso motsogozedwa ndi French wamanga William wa Sens, koma kale mu kalembedwe Gothic. Ndiye kumanga natsogozedwa ndi William English zomangamanga. Nthawi imeneyi, zotsalira za mabishopu anaphedwa zidatunsidwa ku crypt mu tchalitchi amangidwanso.

Pa malo a apse yopsereza linamangidwa tchalitchi cha Holy Utatu, zimene zinachititsa bokosi la Thomas Becket. Apa iye mpaka 1538, pamene Mfumu lotsatira la England - Henry VIII Tudor mafumu - nsanje zosaneneka revenues tchalitchi chifukwa wogonera, amene chiwerengero Sichinatsitsidwe utachepa pambuyo moto, anagwirizana kupatsila chuma cha kachisi.

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, wolamulira wa England analengeza mlandu wa womwalirayo kwa zaka zoposa zitatu zapitazo, Bishopu wamkulu. Mwachibadwa, yotsirizira sizinayambe pa izo. Izi, pamodzi ndi Mlandu woukira boma, chinali chiyambi cha kuzindikira Thomas Becket wolakwa ndi kutenga chuma ku manda ake mu mtima wa chuma cha mfumukazi. Matchalitchi angapo ku England akhoza kudzitama amenewa wolemera ndipo pa yomweyo mbiri yoopsya ya kulimbana Mafumu.

Motsogozedwa ndi William wa ku England pafupi ndi nyumba yopemphereramo cha Utatu Woyera inamangidwa ndi wina, imatchedwanso "Korona wa Becket": zikupereka korona wa kumutu amene anali pa tsiku la kupha wa mabishopu.

kukhazikitsanso latsopano

Canterbury Cathedral anamangidwanso mu 1184, koma kutsegula ake kwachitika yekha mu 1220.

The yopemphereramo latsopano pang'onopang'ono wodzazidwa ndi manda a mabishopu ndi otchuka wa Ages Middle. Kotero, apa zasungidwa mabwinja a ambiri otchuka pakati pa zaka mazana nkhondo, Edward Black Prince; Mfumu Henry IV Bolingbroke.

kukhazikitsanso Komanso a tchalitchi zinachitikadi mu 1377, pamene waukulu ndi transept anaganiza kumanganso kalembedwe English Gothic. Chivomezi mu 1382 kuchepetsa ntchito osaonekanso, akupereka kubwezeretsedwa kwa nyumbayi zaka zochepa kwambiri.

Pambuyo zojambulidwa ambiri, kukonza ndi zosintha a tchalitchi anapeza mawonekedwe ake amakono (mu 30 ntchentche za m'ma XIX), pamene m'malo a kumpoto chakumadzulo nsanja, imene anaopseza kuti kusokonekera anamangidwira galasi kunyezimiritsa kum'mwera kumadzulo nsanja ya nyumba yatsopano kalembedwe Gothic.

Moyo wa tchalitchi mu XX atumwi

1942 Vuto lina linali pa tchalitchi, amene wapita ndi Luftwaffe kunkhondo koma: ena nyumba kwakukulukulu wawo. Pa kubwezeretsedwa mu 1954 nyumba anawononga abwezeretsedwa, ndipo mu tchalitchi kukonza apangidwa. Komabe chachikulu chipilala makina kumafuna zakuya kuchira popeza kukokoloka wawononga miyala imene inamangidwa.

Modern tchalitchi ndi udindo wake

Panopa, kutchalitchi akutumikira monga mpingo regimental wa Royal Regiment la Wales Mfumukazi. Mu kukhazikitsanso wake wa ndalama ndi anasonkhana, chifukwa chakuti nyumbayi wamphamvu amafuna ndithu outlay ndalama pa ntchito yokonza ndi kukhazikitsa.

The kwambiri akachisi a dziko angayenerere kukhala onyada chakuti iwo monga wamkulu zipilala mapulani amene zosonkhanitsira zikuphatikizapo timabuku oposa 50,000 ndi mabuku a panyengo zosiyanasiyana buku ndi mbiri wolemera lingaliro tsoka kovuta.