Kukhetsa famu Greengage: malongosoledwe kalasi makamaka ankafika ndi kunyamuka

Greengage maula kalasi I. V. Michurinym yolima akanati anapezerapo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndipo kuyambira sanataye kutchuka kwake pakati wamaluwa. Izi wosakanizidwa damson ndi greengage wobiriwira. Tsiku lobadwa angatchedwe mwaluso kusankha mu 1899. Chaka chino, zaka khumi mutabzala mtengo, chipatso choyamba mtundu uwu zimapezeka. Patapita zaka zambiri, mu 1947, wotumidwa mayeso hybrid mu zigawo kumpoto-kumadzulo ndi chapakati dziko. Mungathe kukula maula ili la fupa, pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu monga chitsa mitundu ina. mitengo maula osati kubweretsa chokoma ndi wolemera mu zakudya zipatso, komanso ntchito chokongoletsera m'munda. M'chaka iwo lidzadzala ndi maluwa zodabwitsa moyera-, ndi kudzaza danga padziko kununkhira lapansi.

ikulongosola za zosiyanasiyana za

Maula Greengage famu - gulu woimira maula kunyumba. Mawu a yakucha - oyambirira kapena pakati. Greengage maula zipatso pa nthambi buketnye munda. Kukula kwa mitengo ang'ono: mamita 3 yekha mu msinkhu. Iwo adzalandira sredneoblistvennoy ndi kufalitsa korona adzakhale siliva yosalala makungwa, akuwombera molunjika pafupifupi makulidwe ndi kulocha utoto. Lenticels pang'ono, ang'ono. Masamba chowulungika, sing'anga wobiriwira mtundu, wavy pa mphepete. Petioles inki. Maluwa mwayera, ang'onoang'ono kukula.

The zipatso zosiyanasiyana Greengage famu

Zipatso sing'anga kakulidwe, lachikasu wobiriwira, kuzungulira ndi nsonga flattened. Maula lokoma, koma ndi wowawasa pang'ono. yoopsa mbali, Taphunzira pa mwala m'mphepete, chitukuko cha kunadetsa kuposa ena m'mbali yosamveka. Zipatso pa dzuwa mbali zina kukhala mtundu brownish. Peel kukhetsa mphasa, woonda, TACHIMATA mkati ndi madontho ka greyish padziko lonse. Zipatso kulemera - avareji 20 ga typhoid msoko si kuoneka mosiyana ndi mbali msoko pa mafupa. The lakuya lili ndi kuchuluka yaikulu zakudya kwa thupi. Zimadzetsa chiwerengero mu zamkati zinthu monga potaziyamu ndi mavitamini R. Iwo ndi zotsatira zabwino pa mtima ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo mtima.

Khalidwe yaikulu ya maula munda Greengage - ndi lambiri yokolola. Yellow yowutsa mudyo zipatso zamkati, ndi kapangidwe wosakhwima, sing'anga osalimba. A mafupa ang'ono wosiyana zamkati mwachilungamo mosavuta. zipatso ndi zokoma kukoma ndi acidity pang'ono. Maula kulawa zabwino kwambiri, yowutsa mudyo, akhoza kudya mwatsopano, ndi kupanga sachedwa chifukwa, timadziti, jellies ndi kukonzekera zina yozizira. Peel pang'ono kuwawa aipatsa mthunzi wochenjera. Thupi ndi kuwala wobiriwira mtundu, ofewa ndi wandiweyani. The zosiyanasiyana wayamba pachimake mochedwa, zipatso zipse kumapeto August.

Chiyambi cha nthawi fruiting zimadalira njira kubzala: kuchokera suckers muzu izo zifika zaka 6, pamene kubzala ndikamezetsanidwemo mbande - zaka mmodzi kapena awiri patsogolo pa tsiku lomalizira ndi. Zokolola zambiri, ndi mtengo wamng'ono, pa usinkhu wa zaka 6, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa kwa 8 makilogalamu nthuza wamkulu (zaka zoposa 10) - 40 makilogalamu wa zipatso. The pazipita zotheka zokolola - 51 kg. Chifukwa chiwerengero cha mazira nthambi mwina sag chifukwa Kroon amakhala mawonekedwe mosabisa. Kololani iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa mwamsanga, mwinamwake kuda adzayamba kutha.

Maula Greengage famu: mungu ndi katemera

Izi samobesplodny zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo pamafunika mungu kwa akonzedwa zipatso. Kukhetsa mafupa, monga mukhoza kutenga katundu wa. Mbewu zosiyanasiyana zimenezi mwamsanga kumera ndi kukhala. Chomera sangakhale pereopylilis mtundu Chinese. The mitundu bwino amaonedwa mungu Skorospelka wofiira Vengerka Moscow, Europe ndi ku Asia 21, Large-Nawonso Volga kukongola. Mulingo woyenera ntchito za magulu awiri a maula amamwa imodzi. Greengage kolkhoz zimafalitsidwa makamaka kudzera mwa kumezetsanitsa ndi maula mtengo wina. Kukhwima fruiting zimadalira katundu wa. Ndondomeko zinachitikadi mu kasupe oyambirira, pamene zomera sizinathe woken mmwamba. Ambiri njira - katemera nthuza akuwaza. mitundu ina ndi zotheka Mwachitsanzo, kumezetsanitsa makungwa kapena kumbali ya kagawo, koma njira izi zikhoza kuchita pokhapokha Sap yogwira.

Features zosiyanasiyana Greengage famu

Mmodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana ndi mkulu zokolola kwambiri ndi luso kupirira ozizira nkhanza. Nkhani Zina:

• Ndiyamika thunthu yosalala mtengo kosamugonjera n'komwe.
• Mafupa a maula zoweta - zakuthupi wangwiro katundu wa. Iwo zimere bwino, ndi wosavuta ntchito mbewu kafalitsidwe.
• zipatso zofewa zokoma, sing'anga-kakulidwe ndi wokongola maonekedwe.
• Fruiting amapezeka oyambirira zokwanira ndipo nthawi zambiri kale mu chaka chimodzi, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa kukolola lochuluka la nthuza.
• zipatso anayamba zipse padziko pakati pa August.

Mwa zolakwa ndi zotsatirazi:

• zipatso bwino anapitiriza nthambi mofulumira kutha pamene overripe,
• mu mitundu mwini-mizu wa nthuza opangidwa mbewuzi.

Kubzala ndi Care

Kubzala maula chikasu Greengage gulu munda chapakati Russia kumayambira masika. Pali mabuku a kubzala autumn, koma ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu kuti mtengo si kuzolowera, ngati si kukhala ndi mizu ya kukula chokwanira. Njira imeneyi mbewu zambiri amaundana, amalephera kukula kwambiri moti kumaliza yozizira. Ngati inu simungakhoze dikirani kuti isanayambike kasupe m'firiji pamtunda mbewu maula prikopat nazo izo pa malo ndi malo ogona yozizira ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza wa paini lapnika ndi yozizira Komanso owazidwa chisanu. Choncho n'zotheka kuwonjezera mwayi kuti mmera bwinobwino apulumuke yozizira koopsa.

Place planter kusankha kwambiri bwino anayatsa, koma ndi chitetezo ku drafts ozizira. Ndi bwino kusankha gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa chiwembu munda kapena kuda kum'mwera. Nkofunika kudzala mtengo mu malo sadzakhala kutseka nthambi zake za zomera zina. Mu mthunzi zidzakhala pang'onopang'ono kukhala ndi fruiting msanga. Musanayambe kudzala maula mmera, ayenera kusankha nthaka bwino ndi kukonza dzenje kubzala. Pakuti otere ali bwino ntchito loam nthaka, kumene acidity wa pH 6.5-7.0. Pansi sayenera kufupi kwambiri dongosolo muzu wa zomera. Mtunda osachepera kwa iwo - 1.5 m.

Kodi kukonzekera dzenje kubzala

Kukonzekera kwa ikamatera dzenje akuyamba masabata awiri pamaso pa malo ena ntchito, koma nthawi zina ndi bwino kuchita izo mu kugwa. Dzenje awiri akhale za 70-80 cm, ndi kuya -. 0.5 mamita Ngati mbande angapo adzakhala anabzala pamodzi, mtunda wa pakati pawo ayenera kukhala mamita 3. Nkofunika kukonzekera nthaka, kupanga chonde ndi chakudya. Chifukwa chaichi, mwatsopano anakumba dzenje kupanga manyowa ndi 8 makilogalamu a humus powonjezera osakaniza 100 ga phulusa nkhuni. organics akhoza m'malo mwa fetereza zovuta, wopangidwa mwa 200 ga superphosphate ndi Kuwonjezera 80 ga sulphate potaziyamu. The phunziroli acidic anayambitsa 50 g ya laimu kufwanyulira. A chisakanizo cha nthaka ndi fetereza bwinobwino wosakaniza ndi anathira kudzenje. Pakati kupanga chitunda kakang'ono ndipo anapereka mtengo wake, mokoma kuwongola dongosolo mizu.

Kum'mwera kwa Ikani msomali kuti mmera anali wolimba ndi sanataye ndi gusts mwadzidzidzi mphepo. The dzenje wodzazidwa nthaka wogawana michere, mtengo pa nthawi iyi ayenera kugwedeza pang'ono pansi anadzazidwa onse voids pakati pa mizu. Inu simungakhoze m'manda muzu kolala kuti zisawonongeke ake. Ziyenera kukhala 6 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. Pamene kubzala chatha, pali madzi ambiri mbewu. Kuti muchite izi muyenera 2-3 ndowa ya madzi, umene unakhetsedwa makungwa a mitengo, poyamba kuchitika poyambira yopapatiza kuti magawowa ulimi wothirira. Nkofunika nthawi zonse moisten nthaka padziko mtengo miyezi yotentha, izi imakhudzanso mitengo wamkulu, mukatero akhoza kutaya kwathunthu kukolola chipatso amayamba osokoneza ndi kuguluka. Wokhazikika kutsirira chofunika pa kolowera zipatso ndi kuika wa maluwa.

Ndiye kukhetsa kufunika kumumanga ndi msomali, ndipo nthaka padziko zamulchirovat peat zinyalala, utuchi, humus kapena zinthu zina. Patapita milungu iwiri, mbande kachiwiri muyenera kuthirira wochuluka. Maula Greengage famu - chinyezi-wachikondi zosiyanasiyana, komanso ambiri a mitengo ya mitundu. Ndi kuthirira osakwanira, nthaka padziko mng'alu ndi chikasu masamba ndi kumayamba kugwa. The momwe akadakwanitsira kuchuluka kwa madzi - pamene madzi zipita nthaka 40 cm Chifukwa chake ndi chofunika kuti makungwa a mitengo kuphimbira nauyang'anire woyera, kuchotsa udzu ndi zinyalala -. Cimathandiza kusunga madzi mu nthaka. Mmodzi mwa malamulo kuvomerezedwa kusamala ankaona maula zonse tithe kumvetsa kumasulira nthaka padziko. Iwo amapulumutsa mbewu ndi namsongole ndi kupewa tizirombo.

Mukhoza azikongoletsa makungwa a mitengo ntchito zithetsedwe tepi, koma ali osavomerezeka ntchito chitsulo kapena midadada konkire. Nkofunika nthawi zonse kuchotsa kukula owonjezera - za maulendo 5 pa nyengo, mwinamwake zokolola yafupika kwambiri, chifukwa mphukira amafuna zakudya ndi kuwatengera ku chomera mayi. Dulani izo kwathunthu, wosasiya stumps, kudula malo kukonzedwa munda phula. Kugwa padziko lapansi anakumba. Kutsirira ndi anaima pa mapeto a August, mwinamwake mphukira adzapitiriza kukula, koma n'kofunika kuganizira nyengo ndi kusintha madzi, malingana ndi iwo. Mu zaka youma, mtengo ndi bwino kupitiriza kuthirira mpaka frosts choyamba.

feteleza moyenera

Feteleza maula kumayambira masika oyambirira. Koma pogula mmera, ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera zinthu mwapadera kuti watenga mizu ndi kochulukira fruited. Kubzala dzenje ndi anakonzeratu mwa kuwonjezera organic fetereza, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate. Zinthu zokhala ndi asafe si anayambitsa. Yambani kudyetsa maula mtengo kuyamba chaka chamawa mutabzala.

m'dera limene mtengo limapeza zakudya - za 9 mamita ^2. 3 chaka ndi pa dothi michere-osauka pa muzu kwa kudyetsa maula anapanga organic fetereza, kompositi kapena humus ndowa 2 m ^2. Pakuti organics, inu mukhoza kuwonjezera superphosphate. Mu March-April, pamene nkhuni sanabadwe atayamba pachimake mu makungwa a mtengo kupanga 1 mita ² 20 ga ammonium nitrate ndi urea. Pamene zipatso udzathiridwa, manyowa ndi nitrophosphate urea, kuyambitsa 30 g. Pambuyo kuchotsa mbewu anadyetsa kachiwiri superphosphate ndi sulphate potaziyamu. feteleza Last ntchito kugwa, osati kuwonjezera zikuchokera asafe.

kudulira maula

kudulira Yoyenera amathandiza kuti zonse kukula ndi kukoma kwa zipatso ndi kukula kwa mtengo, komanso kupewa chitukuko cha matenda. Mphukira wa mbande wamng'ono amazidulira ndi wachitatu, yotithandiza Bookmark korona. Kuti chepetsa nthambi za nthuza palibe chiopsezo ku mitundu fruiting ayenera kuonedwa ndi mbali za izo: kwambiri za zipatso idaluma mphukira buketnye, ndi ochepa - mu chaka chatha.

Sapling amafuna kuumba, nthambi kudula, kusiya 4-6 kokha chigoba kuthawa. Mu wamkulu zomera kuchotsedwa nthambi ndichotse pansi tizivutika ndi chipatso. Pakatha zaka 3 mphukira waukulu tadulidwa ndi gawo limodzi m'litali mwa ofooka - amachotsedwa, kusiya kokha mwachindunji ndi amphamvu. M'pofunika kuganizira pamwamba ndi kuti tisasokoneze iwo ndi nthambi amphamvu pamene kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale. kudulira ukhondo n'chofunikanso kuti kuteteza kufala kwa tizirombo ndi matenda ndi tizilombo. Korona thinned odwala pochotsa ndi nthambi wosweka ndi sanali mwankhanza mphukira.

Greengage maula amayamba famu ayenera kukhala kasupe oyambirira ndi yophukira mochedwa ayi kuvulaza mitengo. Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa mbali ya mtengo, musatisiye stumps, kudula zonse pansi. Pamene pachaka kukula anayamba kutha mofulumira, mphukira adzafupikitsidwa kuti nkhuni ziwiri. Koma inu simungakhoze basi kudula kwambiri nthambi, kapena kuda akhoza kutayika. Kamodzi kuchotsedwa palibe kuposa kotala ya korona lonse. Pa kutalika kwa 2.5 mbande mamita kuyamba kuchepetsa kukula ofukula kukhala kufalitsa nthambi ndi mwa iwo anali bwino dzuwa. Izi adzalola kukhala nthambi lateral.

Pamene mtengo anabzala, m'munsi nthambi amazidulira kuti impso bwino kuchotsa nsonga ndi masamba chimanga chosakhwima mu kumtunda kwa kukula. mphukira ena onse akuphedwa pansi. Mukhoza kutembenukira nthambi, musati kugwera mu gawo chigoba korona, mu poluskeletnye, ngati kwambiri zambiri kudula iwo, unakhota, kusunthira mu udindo otsamira. Korona yopapatiza zikhoza kupangidwa onse kuposa ngati nthambi odulidwa waukulu mphukira wachiwiri kuti, amene zochokera kwina ku tsinde la.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Greengage famu - mmodzi wa ambiri yozizira-Hardy mitundu nthuza. Iwo amakhala ndi ntchito kwambiri kupirira. Ochiritsira yozizira koopsa akulu maula zosavuta kuti anyamule ndipo pafupifupi popanda pogona amaundana pang'ono ngakhale mu ozizira kwambiri. Koma mbande achinyamata si yowuma, choncho akufunika pogona zina yozizira. Low kutentha kuwononga mitengo wosakhwima: chivundikiro awo lotsekedwa wosanjikiza utuchi ndi mtengo Oil makungwa a nthambi spruce. Mu nyengo aakulu zina amaundana nthambi pang'ono yaing'ono zomera okhwima, koma ali pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa nthawi ya fruiting, kawirikawiri zomera ndi anachira mwa chaka. Izi zosiyanasiyana maula - mmodzi wa kugonjetsedwa kwambiri chisanu ndi kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha.

Pali njira ina kukonzekera yozizira mmera: yomanga eg mtengo wa arcuate zimatsogolera pamwamba yokutidwa ndi udzu kapena udzu ndi chili mwa chingwe kapena twayini. Chipale adzakhala chotenthetsera zina, chifukwa chakuti dongosolo adzakhala molondola kuteteza kuda ndi chisanu ndi drafts. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo pogona. Thunthu la mtengowo analimbikitsanso kuti kukulunga kutchinjiriza Mwachitsanzo, nayiloni. Izi kuteteza ku kulowererana shtamb makoswe ndi nyama zina zazing'ono.

kupewa matenda

Maula Greengage munda, kubzala ndi chisamaliro chimene sikovuta, pafupifupi kosamugonjera matenda a mafangasi iye akudwala matenda ndi zaka yonyowa. Wood ndi khola kuti GUMMOSIS. Pakuti prophylaxis wochititsidwa kudulira rejuvenating: odwala ndi nthambi zouma, masamba ndi zipatso kudula ndi kutentha. Chifukwa anaona kudula ndi kung'amba ankachitira munda phula kapena osakaniza a mandimu ndi sulphate mkuwa. Pamaso pa masamba woyamba wa kasupe, mitengo yonse sprayed ndi yankho la madzi Bordeaux, ndi mankhwala ikuchitika mu chaka cha urea kuchepetsa chiopsezo klyasterosporioza. Nkofunika Kutsatila mfundo za processing ndi kuteteza masiku osachepera 30 asanayambe kukolola.

tizilombo Control

Tizirombo nthuza ndi zambiri zopezeka mu zipatso ndi pansi makungwa. The owopsa zosiyanasiyana zaulimi Greengage maula borer njenjete ndi. Makamaka anakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo izi wofooka zomera, mwachitsanzo, pambuyo fruiting lolemera. Kuyamba kulimbana ndi tizirombo nthuza akhale oyambirira masika: mitengo sprayed ndi mankhwala wapadera kangapo, malingana ndi gawo la chitukuko larval. Pofuna kuthetsa njenjete kwa zotsatira zabwino ikuchitika 5 mankhwala ndi kusiyana kwa masiku 10. ntchito zabwino ndi misampha yomata, zopangidwa burlap, njira kusonkhana wagwa masamba, zonse tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake nthaka. Pamene mtengo ndi zipatso, nthawi zonse kuyeretsa zowonongeka maula tizirombo mkati, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha iwo. Njenjete akhoza zimabisala mu makungwa a mitengo, chifukwa muyenera kuchotsa madera exfoliated zonse. Mu mabanja payekha analimbikitsa mankhwala abwino zinthu anthu zamoyo ndiponso osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Ndiye zipatsozo mulibe zosafunika zoipa.

Greengage famu - izi zosiyanasiyana tingachipeze powerenga za nthuza, osati wolephera kukoma kwa hybrids zambiri zamakono. Wood ali mkulu yozizira hardiness, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri pamene kukula mu madera ndi nyengo yozizira. Zosiyanasiyana mayesero a nthawi ndipo adakali kufunika ndi tchuthi. Bwino kusamalira iye, chaka chilichonse pa nyengo, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa kukolola olemera ndi kusangalala ndi zipatso zokoma.