Moscow Grand Mfumukazi Sophia Palaeologus ndi udindo wake mu mbiri

Mkazi uyu ndiye ndi zochita zambiri zofunika boma. Kodi chochititsa chidwi chifukwa Sofya Paleolog? Zosangalatsa za izo, komanso zambiri mbiri pamodzi nkhaniyi.

kupereka Cardinal

Mu Moscow mu February 1469 anabwera kazembe Cardinal Vissarion. Iye anapereka kalata kwa Grand Duke ndi maganizo kapena kukwatiwa ndi Sofia, mwana wamkazi wa Theodore Ine, despot Morea. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mu kalata iyi, ndipo anati kuti Sofiya Paleolog (weniweni dzina - Zoe, anaganiza m'malo Orthodox zamtendere zifukwa) kale korona anakana suitors awiri kuti amukopere ake. Zinali Kalonga wa Milan ndi mfumu French. chakuti Sophia sanafune kukwatira Katolika.

Sofia Palaeologus (kumene, chithunzi chake, sanapeze, koma zithunzi ali m'nkhani ino), mogwirizana ndi maganizo a nthawi imeneyo kutali, sanalinso wamng'ono. Komabe, iye anali wokongola kwambiri. Iye anali wokonda, maso wokongola kwambiri, komanso matte zofewa khungu kuti ankaona mu Russia chizindikiro cha thanzi labwino. Kuwonjezera mkwatibwi Nkhani osiyana ndi maganizo lakuthwa.

Sofia Fominichna Paleologos ndi ndani?

Sophia Fominichna - mphwanga wa Constantine XI Palaeologus, mfumu yomaliza ya Byzantium. Kuyambira 1472 iye ndi mkazi wa Ivan III. bambo ake anali Foma Paleolog, amene anathawa limodzi ndi banja lake ku Roma 1453, pambuyo Turkey anagonjetsa Constantinople. Sofya Paleolog moyo pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake m'manja mwa Papa kwambiri. Pakuti zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, iye ankafuna kuti amukwatire iye kuti Ivan III, amasiye mu 1467. Iye anati inde.

Sofia Palaeologus anabereka mwana 1479, amene anadzakhala Vasily III Ivanovich. Komanso, apangana malonda Basil Grand Duke, malo amene anali kutenga wotchedwa Dmitry, mdzukulu wa Ivan III, anavekedwa tsar. Ivan III anakwatira Sophia ntchito polimbikitsa Russia m'bwalo lonse.

Icon "Odala Kumwamba" ndi fano la Michael III

Sofia Palaeologus, Grand Duchess wa Moscow, anabweretsa zithunzi zingapo Orthodox. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti iwo anali ndi chizindikiro "Odala Kumwamba" fano yosowa ya Amayi a Mulungu. Iye anali mu boma la Russia ndi Angelo Cathedral. Komabe, malingana ndi mwambo wina, chidina ankamutengera ku Constantinople ndi Smolensk, ndipo pamene yotsirizira litalanda Lithuania, chizindikiro ichi anadalitsidwa kukwatira Sofyu Vitovtovnu, wolemekezeka pamene iye anakwatira Vasili Ine, Kalonga wa Moscow. Chithunzi kuti tsopano mu tchalitchi, ndi mndandanda wa zithunzi wakale, anapanga m'zaka 17 mochedwa mwa dongosolo la Fedor Alekseevich (onani chithunzi m'munsimu). Muscovites pachikhalidwe anabweretsa nyali ndi madzi chizindikiro ichi. Iye akhapidziwa kuti iwo anadzazidwa ndi kuchiritsa katundu, chifukwa fano anali kuchiritsa mphamvu. Chizindikiro ichi tsopano ndi imodzi mwa ambiri akulemekezedwa mu dziko lathu.

Mu Angelo Cathedral pambuyo ukwati wa Ivan III iyawonekambo fano la Michael III, Byzantine Mfumu, amene anali woyambitsa wa mafumu Palaeologus. Choncho, ankanena kuti Moscow ndi wolowa Ufumu wa Byzantine, ndi oweruza a Russia - wolowa a mafumu Byzantine.

Kubadwa kwa nthawi yaitali wolowa

Pambuyo Sofiya Paleolog, mkazi wachiwiri wa Ivan III, anali wokwatira kwa iye pa Akukwera Cathedral, ndipo anakhala mkazi wake, anayamba kuganizira za mmene angapezere chikoka ndi kupanga mfumukazi yeniyeni. Palaeologus anazindikira kuti azipereka mphatso kwa kalonga, amene akhoza kuchita yekha: kubereka mwana wamwamuna, amene adzakhala wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu. Mwatsoka Sophia, anali woyamba wamkazi anamwalira patapita nthawi yochepa kubadwa. Patapita chaka mtsikana anabadwa kachiwiri, mwadzidzidzi n'kumwalira. Sofia Palaeologus adafuwula, anapemphera kwa Mulungu kuti akupatseni wolowa wake Tinkagawa kugwira zachifundo osauka, anapereka ku akachisi. Patapita nthawi, Amayi a Mulungu anamva mapemphero ake - Sofia Palaeologus woyembekezera kachiwiri.

yonena iye potsiriza chinali chochitika yaitali. Inachitika pa March 25, 1479 pa 8 pm, ananena mu umodzi wa Moscow mbiri. Mwana. Ndi dzina lake Vasiliem Pariyskim. mnyamata anabatizidwa Vasiyan, Rostov alikibishopu, Sergiev obisika.

Kuti anabweretsa ndi Sophia

Sophie anatha kuphunzitsa chinthu chimene chinali chofunika kwa iye yekha, ndi kuti amalemekezedwa ndipo kuzindikiridwa Moscow. Anabwera ndi miyambo yake ndi miyambo ya bwalo Byzantine, kunyada za chiyambi chake, komanso kukhumudwa chifukwa iye ankayenera kuti akwatire ndi tributary wa Mongol-Chitata. Nkomwe Sophie ankakonda kuphweka kwa zinthu mu Moscow, komanso asapita ufulu kuti anapambana pa nthawi ya bwalo. Ivan III yekha anakakamizika kumvetsera mawu reproachful ku boyars recalcitrant. Komabe, mu mzindawu ndiponso popanda ambiri akufuna kusintha lamulo lakale si zogwirizana ndi chakudya cha Muscovite mwayekha. Ndipo mkazi wa Ivan III ndi Agiriki, anabweretsa izo, ndi amene anaona Roma, Byzantine ndi moyo, akanakhoza kupereka Russian malangizo amtengo wapatali mmene zitsanzo ndi mmene kukhazikitsa kusintha onse akufuna.

chikoka cha Sofia

Mkazi wa Prince sindingakhoze kukana zimakhudza motani moyo mbuyo mwa bwalo ndi zachilengedwe kukongoletsa. Iye mwaluso amanga pa ubwenzi, iye chiyani kutsindikiza zokhota wangwiro bwalo. Komabe, ndale Paleologos akanangokhoza kuyankha malingaliro amene anabwereza maganizo yosokoneza ndi chinsinsi cha Ivan III. Makamaka bwino anali kuganiza kuti banja lake Mfumukazi zimapangitsa amalandira olamulira Muscovite wa mafumu Byzantine zinthu za East wa Orthodox, gwiritsitsani m'mbuyomu. Choncho, Sofyu Paleolog mu likulu la dziko Russian ofunika makamaka ngati wolemekezeka Byzantine, koma si monga kwambiri Moscow wolemekezeka. Iwo anazindikira iye anali. Pamene Mfumukazi Sophia anasangalala ndi ufulu wolandira akazembe zakunja Moscow. Choncho, ukwati wa Ivan ake anali ngati chionetsero ndale. Padziko lonse, ananeneratu kuti wolowa nyumba Byzantine, wagwa atatsala pang'ono, ufulu odzilamulira anasamutsa iye Moscow, umene wakhala latsopano Constantinople. Pano, iye amauza ufulu zimenezi ndi mnzanuyo.

Kremlin kukhazikitsanso, kulandidwa kwa Tartar goli

Ivan anamva udindo wake watsopano m'bwalo lonse, anapeza yonyansa ndi wopanikiza malo akale Kremlin. Ku Italy, kenako kalonga, iye m'chipatala mfiti. Iwo anamanga pa malo a kwaya matabwa a pa Faceted Komiti, ndi Mfundo Cathedral (Vasiliya Blazhennogo), ndi watsopano mwala yachifumu. Boma la Russia pa nthawi imeneyi anayamba zidzathera mu bwalo la miyambo wokhwimitsa zovuta, malipoti a moyo mu Moscow kudzikuza ndipo stiffness. Monga mu nyumba yake, Ivan III nayamba kulankhula, ndipo timakhala kunja zambiri wapadera gait. Makamaka pamene Chitata goli popanda kumenyana, ngati paokha anali atagwa ku mapewa ake. Ndipo gravitated pafupifupi zaka lonse kumpoto kum'mawa Yairo (kuchokera 1238 chaka 1480). The chinenero zambiri wapadera pa nthawi iyi mu sheya boma, makamaka zamtendere. Wina aliyense terminology zobiriwira.

Udindo wa Sophia mu chiwonongeko cha Tartar goli

Palaeologus mu Moscow sanali kukopa ankachititsa ndi pa Grand Duke, komanso kusintha moyo wa Moscow - "zipolowe lalikulu" (mawu a Boyar Bersen-Beklemisheva). Sophia kuthandizapo osati zoweta komanso nkhani zakunja. Iye anafuna kuti Ivan III anakana kupereka msonkho kwa chiguluchi Khan ndipo potsiriza timasuke ku mphamvu zake. Aluso malangizo Palaeologus, umboni ndi VO Klyuchevskii, Tipezeke zolinga mwamuna wake. Kotero anakana kupereka msonkho. Ivan III stamped kalata Khan kwa Zamoskovreche pa Ordynsky pabwalo. Kenako malo awa Chiwalitsiro Church inamangidwa. Komabe, anthu kenako "amapatsa" pa Palaeologus. Pamaso Ivan III linatulutsidwa mu 1480 mpaka wamkulu ubwenzi pa Ugra, adatuma ku Beloozero mkazi ndi ana. Pa nkhani zimachitika cholinga cha Mfumu kupereka mphamvu kukachitika kuti Moscow angatenge Khan Akhmat, ndi kuthawa ndi mkazi wake.

"Duma" ndi kusintha mankhwala a atumiki

Ivan III wa, anamuchotsera goli, kumva pa mwayekha mfumu yomaliza. Kuyesetsa yachifumu zodyera Sophia anayamba akufanana ndi Byzantine. Kalonga anapanga mkazi wake ndi "mphatso" ndi Ivan III Palaeologus analola kusonkhanitsa anthu a ku anamuperekeza wake "Duma" ndi kugwira mu theka awo "madyerero zamtendere." Mfumukazi amalandira akazembe ena ndi mwaulemu kulankhula nawo. Zinali zachilendo n'kale lonse Russia. Kukonda pa bwalo la mfumu zinasintha.

Sofia Palaeologus mkazi anabweretsa ufulu odzilamulira ndi ufulu wachifumu Byzantine, monga ananenera F. Uspensky, mbiri amene anaphunzira nthawi imeneyi. Boyars anali kuwerengera ndi izo. Ivan III woyamba anakonda mikangano ndi amakhulupirira, koma Sofia iye kopambana anasintha mankhwala a pabwalo lawo. Ivan anayamba kukhala ndi yosatsutsika, sakwiya msanga, nthawi zonse ankachita kuwakakamiza chamanyazi, napempha ulemu wapadera. ndifotokoze mavuto onsewa mphekesera komanso amati ndi chikoka Sofi Paleolog.

Kulimbana mpandowachifumu

Iye adawalamulira kuphwanya motsatizana. Adani mu 1497 ndakuuzani kalonga kuti Sofia Palaeologus chiwembu poizoni mdzukulu wake kuti mwana wake pa mpando wachifumu kuti ulendo wake m'seri kukonza chakupha kum'soŵetsa mtendere mfiti kuti kumatanthauza chiwembu ichi ndi Basil yekha. Ivan III pa nkhani anatenga mbali ya mdzukulu wake. Iye anauzidwa kuti adzawonongedwa Moscow Mtsinje mfiti, amangidwe Vasily ndi mkazi wake kuchotsedwa yekha, mosapita m'mbali ankapha anthu angapo za "Duma" Palaeologus. Mu 1498, Ivan III anavekedwa mu Mfundo Cathedral wa wotchedwa Dmitry monga wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu.

Komabe, Sophia anali luso magazi chibwenzi zokhota. Mbapambizira kudzipereka Elenu Voloshanku kuti mpatuko ndi amene wakwanitsa kusiya izo. Grand Duke kuika chamanyazi kwa mdzukulu wake ndi mwana wamwamuna, ndipo anamutcha Basil mu 1500 wolowa woyenera ufumu.

Sofya Paleolog: udindo mu mbiri

Ukwati Sofi Paleolog ndi Ivan III, kumene zinalimbitsa boma Muscovite. Anathandizira asinthe mu Rome Chachitatu. Sofia Palaeologus anakhala zaka zoposa 30 Russia, napatsa kubereka ana 12 kwa mwamuna wake. Komabe, iye sanali kusamalira kuti limvetse mokwanila dziko lina, malamulo ndi miyambo. Ngakhale mu mbiri nduna kukumana mbiri kumudzudzula makhalidwe ake zinthu zina, zovuta dziko.

Sofia anakopeka Russian likulu mapulani ndi amisiri ena, komanso madokotala. Chirengedwe cha mapulani Italy sanatero wolephera Moscow ndi ufumu ndi kukongola kwa mitu ya Europe. Zimenezi zathandizira kulimbikitsa kutchuka wa Moscow State, anatsindika kupitiriza likulu Russian wa Rome Chachiwiri.

imfa ya Sofia

Sophia anafa Moscow pa August 7, 1503 Iwo anaikidwa Ascension ansembe yotchedwa wa Moscow Kremlin. Mu December 1994, mogwirizana ndi kulanda kwa Angelo Cathedral wa zotsalira za mfumu ndi akazi akalonga SA Nikitin anasunga chigaza cha Sofia anapezanso chithunzi ake sculptural (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Tsopano ife tikhoza ngakhale pafupifupi angafune ankawoneka ngati Sofya Paleolog. Chidwi mfundo ndi zolemba mbiri za iye ndi ochuluka. Tayesetsa kusankha zofunika kwambiri, mlandu nkhani imeneyi.