Bratya Rayt. The zamoyo wa lingaliro pachiyambi.

America Wilbur ndi Orvil Rayt, mosakayikira chinathandiza kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha kamangidwe ndege aerodynamics. Abale awiri, amene zochitika ndi luso loganiza olowa zomveka chinachititsa iwo kulenga yojambula wanzeru muyaya kumanzere maina awo mu mbiri ya umisiri ndi sayansi. Koma mwayi kusonyeza namatetule wake anapereka mwakamodzi. Ndithu nthawi yaitali iwo ntchito mu shopu yake - shopu kumene iwo akugulitsa ndi njinga anakonza (kuphatikizapo pansi mtundu yake), makina osindikizira, Motors ndi ena ambiri zimagwirira ntchito zamanja.

Mu tinkasangalalira, abale kuwerenga akatswiri osiyanasiyana aeronautical monga Otto Lilienthal, Octave Chanute, Pirport Samuel Langley ndi ena ambiri, amene, monga pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika, ndipo anauziridwa ndi Wilbur Wright pa lingaliro pachiyambi, chimene chinali motere. Pambuyo ndi maganizo lalitali la ndege ya mbalame, iye anaika patsogolo luso mu kuphweka ake amanena: "Kodi n'zotheka kuti yesezera mphamvu zakuthupi kuti ntchito mbalame ndege, kusintha okha udindo wa mapiko popanda minofu." Monga amanena ina anafunikira umboni. Pa imeneyo kunali okonda ambiri otchedwa apainiya ndege amene anayesa kulenga zitsanzo zofanana galimoto ndege. Makamaka Wilbert ouziridwa imfa Otto Lilientalya, amene glider anasintha gust mwadzidzidzi mphepo ndi Inabuka nthaka mphuno, kuswa Lilienthal msana. Lilienthal mawu otsiriza: "amakhala mosalephera", anakakamizika kusintha motsogozedwa lingaliro Wright a kulitenga ku mphamvu ya kulamulira mwaluso ndege kupewa ngozi pazipita kwa katswiri woyendetsa.

abale ake anayamba kuyesa lapansi, kupanga zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za kites ndi zinthu zina, makamaka anapanga pepala. Komanso, ntchito yawo mu situdiyo Wright Zolimbikitsa Kusinthanitsa anapereka zofunika mbali luso ndi luso kuyesa kupanga ndege. Wright, nthawi iliyonse koposa osauka lingaliro lake mpaka pakhale zojambula loyamba la ndege ija, zochokera njira nkhwangwa atatu ndege za kasinthasintha, zomwe, poyamba, akadali ntchito lero. Pa nthawi imeneyo kale anali prototypes a injini nthunzi, koma ntchito zawo mu mawonekedwe a injini zinali zosatheka chifukwa thupi lawo lolemera. Koma luso Wilber ndi Olvila ntchito dongosolo, wabweretsa zamoyo maganizo awo ku chilengedwe cha munthu tinakwera wapadera ndi zazing'ono mafuta injini, amene anali laling'ono kwambiri kuposa luso chisanafike pa injini nthawi, koma osati wolephera iwo mu mphamvu (pa 8 ndiyamphamvu).

Mbiri tsiku anali December 17, 1903. M'tawuni ya Kitty Hawk, pa gombe otchedwa akunja ku North Carolina, choyambirira lingaliro la abale Wright, patatha zaka zoposa zinayi kwa zinthu, anapeza chimake ake mu mawonekedwe m'ndege. Chonse cha abale makina anapanga manja awo. Anausankha iwo opepuka injini mafuta wakhala kugwirizana ndi injini awiri ndi unyolo njinga. makina umalamulidwa ndi mpweya yokutidwa ndi mapiko nsalu mchira zowongolera. Chiongolero wokwera pa uta anali ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa mbali ya phula lapansi.

Pa tsiku ili, kukonzekera chipangizo, Wright anathandizidwa ndi opulumutsa m'deralo. Iwo dzina zouluka makina "Flyers". Mmodzi wa iwo, John Daniels, anapatsidwa Chithunzi "Flyer" mu ntchito. Choyamba anaulukira Orville, Wilbur anakhala ndi wotchi yoyimitsa a. Izi ndege yoyamba, yomwe inatenga masekondi 12, chotero anagunda Wright abale kuti Wilber anaiwala kuletsa wotchi yoyimitsa ndi Orville anali odabwa kuti iye anaiwala kuti asiye tinakwera, koma Daniels wachita chinthu chofunika, ndipo woyamba kuchita chithunzi mu moyo wakhala mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ndege mbiri. Machine Wright flied! The ndege awa akhala yaitali 52 ndi 60 mamita ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi atatu mamita pamwamba pa nthaka.

Tsiku lomwelo, abale anatumiza uthengawo zotsatirazi kwa atate wake, bishopu wa Church Evangelical, "kupambana woyamba ndege zinayi Lachinayi m'mawa wonse pa mtunda mphepo 21 liwiro avareji mlengalenga 31 miles yaitali masekondi 57 kudziŵitsa atolankhani kunyumba wosangalala Khirisimasi." Pamene wanthambo woyendetsa anafunsa ngati iye akhoze uthenga mnzanu amene amagwira ntchito ku nyuzipepala ina ya m'dzikolo, Bratya Rayt anakana, iwo ankafuna uthenga ndege awo anagulitsa kwa Dayton kwawo. Koma wanthambo, akadali kunyalanyaza chiletso, anali mudziwe kutayikira. Posakhalitsa, bwenzi lake, mtolankhani woluza E. Moore, amene ali kufufuza ofunitsitsa mutu mwapadera Nkhani yosindikizidwa molakwika ndi 99% ya nkhani, amene anapulumutsa ntchito yake.

Choncho, Bratya Rayt anasonyeza chitsanzo mphamvu ya malingaliro ndi kukhazikitsa pa kukometsa lonse.