Nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo ya Ukraine: ziwerengero ndi kapangidwe

Kapangidwe ka nkhokwe za golide lililonse dziko monga zagolide ndi ndalama. Amagwiritsidwanso zambiri m'gulu ndiponso zinthu zina. M'mayiko otukuka, kapangidwe ka nkhokwe za golide mwina zikuphatikizapo mapaundi British ndi a Franc Swiss, yen ndi ndalama za maiko ena akuluakulu a dziko. mfundo Bank chapakati Mzimuyo zikuchokera m'dera limeneli. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuposa mtendere wa chuma cha boma, ndi apamwamba kuchuluka kwa golide mu nkhokwe zake zagolide. Ngati ndalama si wolimba kwambiri, ngakhale mu malo boma adzakhala malire wodalirika kwambiri ndalama zakunja.

Kapangidwe ka nkhokwe za golide wa maiko

Kapangidwe ka nkhokwe za golide ndi mwapadera boma boma. Atsopano deta boma January 1, 2014 izi kulemera enieni katundu golide:

• America - 70%.
• Germany - 66%.
• France - 64,9%.
• EU - avareji 55,2%.
• Russia - 7,8%.
• Ukraine - 8%.

Apa tiona kuti kuchepetsa phindu lapadera zitsulo chinalembedwa mu zaka zitatu zapitazi. N'chifukwa chake mfundo za kufunika kwa golidi wamphamvu kakatundu mafunso ambiri. Ngati losauka, ndi zomveka kudzaza malo a ndalama yaikulu ya dziko, chifukwa zochita zawo ikukula mofulumira. issuers otukuka States opereka ndalama lonse, ndicho zitsulo zamtengo wapatali amakonda pamene kupanga nkhokwe za golide. Kuwonjezera pa zitsulo ndi ndalama mu nkhokwe za golide angakhale monga ufulu wapadera zojambula za IMF kuumba ndi boma.

Kupereka Ukraine mu 2014

nkhokwe lonse la Ukraine mu 2014, malinga ndi kafukufuku lofalitsidwa zogwirizana ndi ndalama zokwana madola biliyoni 16,2. The chifukwa kuwonjezereka bajeti anali pulogalamu ya "kuima-ndi" ndi bungwe la International Monetary Fund. IMF ali allocated madola miliyoni 978,42 boma. Likuvutika banki mtundu wa dziko analandira ndalama zankhaninkhani 397,55. mphamvu chifukwa udindo wa dziko kulipira kubweza ngongole ku ndalama zakunja. Pa mwezi, Bank National mwachangu amayendela ndalama pa msika kuwombola yachilendo. Anagwira monga chogulitsa wa ndalama zakunja kuchuluka kwa $ miliyoni 833,74, ndi kugula kwake miliyoni 98,30. Zimenezi mtundu anali umalimbana kuwongola mlingo wa ndalama dziko.

Kuchepetsa nkhokwe za golide 2015

kuwombola okhonda nkhokwe ya Ukraine, ngakhale kuchuluka zosayembekezereka mu chaka cha 2014, mu December anatsika ndi madola mabiliyoni 7.5. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira ziwerengero boma mu January 1, 2015 buku la nkhokwe mayiko anaima biliyoni 7.533. Kuti aone mkhalidwe wa malo mungathe kufufuza nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.

Choncho, December 2014 nkhokwe za golide kuchuluka lofanana dollar anaima pa biliyoni 9,965,95. Monga kuchuluka kwa chuma okwana boma m'chaka anatsika ndi 24,41%. ndalama zakunja nkhokwe anagwa kuchokera $ biliyoni 9 $ 959,950,000 6,000,000,000 apadziko 618,370,000. Ukraine ndi nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo si leaky ufulu zojambula imene palimodzi nkhani madola miliyoni 3,78, ndi lero. Panali kuwonjezeka pang'ono dollar-chipembedzo chuma 903.840.000 lofanana 911 090 000. State Reserve malo mu IMF anakhalabe pa mbiri ya madola miliyoni 0,03.

Kodi boma chiyani?

Malinga ndi Akuluakulu abomawa, kuchepetsa ichi ndi chifukwa yake ndi zonse buku alipire ngongole boma ndi NBU mu ndalama zakunja. UNIAN inanena kuti nkhokwe za golide anatsika ndi 51,19% (biliyoni 10.450 madola) kuchiyambi 2015.

November zotsatila N'zolimbikitsa kwambiri, ngati nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo ya Ukraine, amene zochitika za pa wakhala mkati osiyanasiyana wabwinobwino, mu November, mosavuta kusinthidwa mtendere awo kwa zaka 10 zapitazi. Posachedwapa, "kuwonda" chuma kuti mlingo chinalembedwa mu December 2004 pa kuzungulira biliyoni 9.715 dollars. Bank National cholakwika malipiro vuto la ndalama kuchokera ku "Ukraine Naftogaz" kwa mpweya kunja. Komanso, utumiki mwadongosolo ndi kubwezera boma ndalama zakunja ngongole, kuphatikizapo IMF.

chopereka chidwi ndi zinthu zopangidwa zikunena hryvnia pa interbank msika. Ukraine ndi nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo anayamba kutha mwamsanga 2013. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iwo sagged pa 16,83% kapena biliyoni 4.130. Mapa Valerie Gontareva ndi kwambiri kuwonjezeka nkhokwe za golide 2015 likuvutika ndi wolephera.

Zotsatira za kuchepetsa nkhokwe za golide

Chiyukireniya kuwombola yachilendo nkhokwe, umene ndi Zithunzi mu zaka zingapo zapitazi ndi khalidwe dontho-pansi, kungasokoneze boma wonse. Kuchepetsa maziko a chuma zoweta zimaphwanya ndithu ndi kutitengera mantha pa anthu a.

The kupatuka pa ndandanda malo kubwezeretsa zinachitika chifukwa cha chisankho posakonzekera. potsatira kwambiri dongosolo kuti ukasintha kusintha zinthu zenizeni. Ukraine kuda malo kufika kumene kuli lero, monga anthu udindo, si vuto lonse. Chifukwa ndichiyembekezo kuti IMF yokha Amathandiza malo kumene kukula kwa chuma cha dziko adzakhala wofanana ndi madola biliyoni 23. Boma chomwecho akulingalira chithunzi cha $ 15 biliyoni.

Zimene zikuchitika masiku ano?

Pa nthawi, Ukraine ndi nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo anagwa kwambiri, ngati kuti kuganizira tranche adziwitse ku EU ndi IMF. Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama pang'ono ndi pang'ono yafupika, ngongole anthu sichitha kukula. Pankhaniyi, tingakhulupirire kuti hyperinflation ndi kusakhulupirika pa ngongole yake ya yekha ndi sadzatenga malo.

Za zinthu zosasangalatsa mu dziko limati kusiya buku ziwerengero ndi mawunikidwe gulu Da Vinci AG. kampaniyo kuyambira 2010 pokonzekera Mapa itatu iriyonse ya nkhokwe za golide, koma theka lachiwiri la 2014 kwathunthu anasiya ankapitabe chake chokhudza maganizo olakwika kwambiri. vutolo, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, ndi ofanana ndi mphamvu zoipa zaka 6 chatha m'munda wa wolowa mafakitale.

Pamene kachitidwe kunsi?

nkhokwe lonse la Ukraine mu 2014 kwambiri m'munsi kuposa anakonza. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kachitidwe kwa kuchepetsa katundu nayikidwa mu 2011. Iwo ali yozungulira kumangako kwa Nkhondo mu Donbas. Zimene zinachitika mu kum'mawa kwa dziko, kumachita monga chothandizira kwa zinthu ziliri, amene adakali zidzawululidwa kwa chaka 2017-2018.

Gold malo a Ukraine anasonyeza mphamvu zofanana ndi udindo wa wolowa Chiyukireniya kwa dziko msika pa nthawi kuchokera 2000 mpaka 2014. Only m'munda wa zitsulo malonda kunja kwa 2007 kuti 2013 anatsika ndi osachepera 25%. The mitengo Amira ndi mozungulira 30%. Ogula ku Europe ndi Asia kuti kwambiri yafupika malamulo. Mu yomweyi, boma MENA anayamba kuculuka mphamvu yogwira.

Kugwa kwa nkhokwe za golide: zimayambitsa Nkosatheka

Ukraine ndi nkhokwe kuwombola achilendo kwenikweni anakomoka, koma osati chifukwa cha mmene chuma chikuyendera mu dziko, ndi chifukwa cha kupanga yafupika ndi malonda mu msika lonse. Chifukwa chodabwitsa ndi mwachindunji ndi kusinthitsa ndalama enieni ndalama dziko, kuti kupanda kukonzanso chuma, kupitiriza mitengo mfundo ndi chuma chuma ndi kuchepa yomweyi kulemera mu chuma padziko lonse. An zinthu zofanana makampani mankhwala ndi luso lopanga.

Kuchepetsa nkhokwe - ndi chinthu chachilengedwe. Aggravation ya mavuto mu 2014 chinachitikira ndi nthambi ya Crimea ndi kumenyana kummawa. Zoipa zikuchitika ku dziko lonse kumanzere chizindikiro nkhokwe golide wa Ukraine. October 2014 zinali mwachirengedwe basi slowdown pambuyo zochotsa 2008-2009, pamene chuma cha boma asangalala chifukwa thandizo yogwira yachilendo ndalama.

Kodi kusintha zinthu?

Zimene zikuchitika ku Ukraine, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa zochitikazi ndipo mwadongosolo nkhokwe za golide, amafuna ayankhe mofulumira ndi phukusi la NBU. M'pofunika ziziyenda zinthu mabungwe ambiri malonda ndalama, kuphatikizapo chiyambi cha dongosolo zosakhalitsa. zinthu zina oyitanira chilolezo cha boma la bankirapuse, popanda kuyesera kuti likonze zinthu ndi ndalama ndalama. Kuphatikiza pa msika chuma - izi ndi nkhani yabwino, chimene chimafuna kuchotsa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono ndalama popanda maziko lalikulu la makasitomala ku msika zoweta. Tikumbukenso kuti Bank National alibe popezera mpata amphamvu mlingo kuwombola. Zochita pa mlingo wa nduna ndi Bank National kukopa ndalama zakunja ndi kulimbikitsa zogulitsa kunja oposa kwambiri.

Kodi kuweruzidwa mwa mawu a nkhokwe za golide Ukraine?

Mbadwa ya nkhokwe lonse la Ukraine zikusonyeza katundu yense wa mphamvu chuma cha boma. Gawo ndipo ndalamazo ku malo mulole kokha NBU. Cholinga cha chuma ndi - ndi kuwonongedwa kwa kuchepekedwa zachuma a muyezo wa ndalama pongofuna cholinga kukhazikitsa njira. Chuma koyenera kuti khalidwe la ntchito ndalama mu msika kuwombola zakunja pofuna kusokoneza mlingo ndalama dziko. Gold ndi ndalama nkhokwe angatchedwe cha ndalama chitetezo malire a ndalama dziko, ntchito zomwe zinena silingakhoze kokha kulimbikitsa ndalama mitundu, komanso ziziyenda izo.

Kugwa nkhokwe limasonyeza kuti NBU amagwira amathera kwambiri yogwira pofuna kuthandiza hryvnia kusinthitsa ndalama mu msika lonse. Kuchepa inventories angatchedwe khalidwe lomwe ovutitsa, kusonyeza kufooka kwa ndalama. kuchepetsa kufufuza amasonyeza Mwina mkulu wa kukula kwa dola ndi yuro, boma sitingapeze kuthandiza mlingo wa ndalama dziko. Ndi zinadzala ndi wakuta wathunthu wa nkhokwe kuwombola achilendo, ndi kusakhulupirika kwa zachuma. Ngakhale Zoneneratu zabwino, kuwonjezeka kwenikweni mu nkhokwe za golide sayenera.