Delftware - kukongola ndi chisomo

Art ndi mzimu zilandiridwenso, ndi wogwirizana kwambiri m'mbuyomu ndi pano akadali ponseponse mu mzinda ku Italy Faenza - likulu la mbiya, m'nyumba ya mbiya. Mu mbiya XVI m'zaka za umisiri ndi kuti akhale mmisiri Faenza kulankhula ku Ulaya. Mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano kalembedwe compendiario, chidwi zokongoletsa woyera anatchuka kwambiri ku Ulaya. Zamgululi kunja kwa Italy anayamba kutchedwa «faiences» - faience.

Ziwiya za kukhitchini pamodzi ndi dongo mbiya, majolica, yazokonza pansi, ngwa gulu la ware ceramic, ndi akalumikidzidwa yosavuta pachiyambi. Mtundu wa ziwiya zadothi amapangidwa ntchito woyera glaze chokongoletsedwa oxides zitsulo.

Ziwiya za kukhitchini m'gulu zinthu zopangidwa zoumbaumba a mitundu yonse: zodzikongoletsera, mbale, matailosi ndi zambiri. Iwo ranged ku zinthu zofunika banja woyera, unadorned ndi mpumulo zosemasema. kutchuka ake anafika ngakhale China ndi Japan. Zizinji zaoneka kupanga whiteware ku Britain, France, Netherlands, Russia ndi mayiko ena. anthu ochepa sunamve za malonda aku Iran ndi kupenta mtundu pa glaze poterera, buluu zoumbaumba wa Delft, ndi tsiku ndi tsiku ziwiya za kukhitchini losavuta, ndi mapulogalamu ena ku Gouda, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, za Gzhel luso zoumbaumba. Ngakhale lero, Delft ndi Gzhel ankaona paradaiso okonda mbiya pachiyambi.

mbali khalidwe la mbiya luso ndi mtundu zowombetsa mkota, softness a mizere, m'njira zosiyanasiyana kukongoletsa. Iwo ziboliboli, zithunzi, mtundu glaze. Popeza XVIII atumwi ku Ulaya anayamba kutulutsa katundu dongo chapamwamba. Aliyense dziko anali ndi makhalidwe yake kupanga luso lawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu France, ziwiya za kukhitchini ndi mankhwala ena a ku buluu kapena Mipikisano wachikuda cobalt underglaze kupenta.

Today mbiya okhazikika ngati chizindikiro cha moyo ndipo moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Delftware wokongola kwa kuphweka ake, kukongola, kukongola. Kumene, zadothi mankhwala zambiri woyengeka ndi wachifundo, kuwala ndi poyela. Zamgululi wa chomwecho zadothi dongo zopangidwa pakachitsulo, ali cholimba ndi lolemera, koma sakhala kutentha kukana ndi mphamvu mawotchi. Pamene amapatutsidwa tubby, pamene ziwiya za kukhitchini - bwino ndi sonorous. The porous phale ziwiya za kukhitchini neprosvechivayuschaya zambiri atangomwalira yokutidwa ndi glaze colorless, izo chokongoletsedwa ndi palibe zojambula, ndipo sculpting. Koma ambiri ndi zojambula za mtundu uliwonse - kuchokera buluu ndi buluu wakuda. Delftware zadothi zikuwoneka chosavuta, koma zinchito. Nthawi zambiri Tingaone mu kuphika tsiku ndi tsiku. Relief pamwamba, mtundu glaze, mawonekedwe choyambirira phale kupereka khitchini chitonthozo.

Mitundu ya ntchito, ubwino ndi ulemerero wa mbale zimadalira yozungulira maonekedwe a kampani inayake. cookware ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito odyera yaing'ono, ang'onoang'ono tawuni malo omwera, mipiringidzo, masitolo khofi. Mbale omwera ayenera kutsatira kalembedwe yunifolomu ya mkati ndi kupereka m'banja makhalidwe payekha. Nthawi zambiri akuonetsa ntchito mankhwala yekha, ndi lamulo chizindikiro. Ziwiya ntchito kapamwamba amusankha kalembedwe chomwecho kwa mbale ndi makapu kuti Odzigwedeza mchere.

njira zamakono amasiyana phale pachiyambi, kuphweka, mkulu ukhondo. Nthawi zambiri alibe ngodya lakuthwa, nthawi zambiri mbale ndi mawonekedwe lalikulu, lomwe ndi yabwino kwa yosungirako.

Delftware kumafuna ena mosamala. Sitiyenera kutsukidwa madzi otentha kwambiri. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda ndi ozizira Muzitsuka. Izo sizingakhoze kuvala mbaula kuti ziume, momwe iwo angakhoze osokoneza ndi glaze. Ngati mbale ali phale mdima, misozi ndi mchere, soda, vinyo wosasa, asidi tartaric, udzabwerera kwa choyambirira maonekedwe ake bwino-anakonzekeretsa. Madontho achotsedwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi Kuwonjezera wa wochepa ammonia.