Kugonjetsedwa Siberia. Mbiri ya kujowina Siberia ndi Far East kwa Russia

Kugonjetsedwa Siberia - iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira yofunika kwambiri mapangidwe statehood Russian. Chitukuko cha mayiko a kum'mawa anatenga zaka zoposa 400. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, panali nkhondo zambiri, kuwonjezeka yachilendo, conspiracies, zokhota.

Kulumikizana Siberia akadali chidwi a mbiri yakale komanso amachititsa zambiri mtsutso, kuphatikizapo anthu a anthu.

The Kugonjetsedwa Siberia ndi Ermak

Mbiri ya anagonjetsa Siberia akuyamba ndi wotchuka kukwera Ermak. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa atsogoleri a Cossacks. deta yeniyeni pa kubadwa kwake ndi makolo alipo. Komabe, kukumbukira zochuluka wake anafika ife kwa zaka zambiri. Mu 1580, amalonda olemera Stroganoff anapempha Cossacks kuteteza chuma kwa adani zonse ndi Ugrians. Cossacks anakakhala m'tauni yaing'ono nakhala ndi mwamtendere. Nkhani zambiri za Volga Cossacks. Pakhala pang'ono oposa mazana atatu. Mu mu 1581, ndi amalonda ndalama ulendo unapangidwa bungwe. Ngakhale kufunika mbiri (zoona, ntchitoyi chinali chiyambi cha nthawi ya anagonjetsa Siberia), ntchito imeneyi si chidwi wa Moscow. The kumuwombera Kremlin otchedwa kungoti "achifwamba."

M'dzinja mu 1581 gulu la Ermak Inabuka zombo zazing'ono ndipo anayamba ulendo pa mtsinje Chusovaya ku mapiri. Pa ankafika pa Cossacks anali kutsukidwa njira zake, akuigwiritsa mitengo. Beach anali bwinja kwathunthu. Permanent zochotsa ndi lamapiri mtunda analenga mavuto adzaoneni chifukwa kusintha kwa. Zombo (Struga) chinatengedwa kwenikweni pa dzanja, chifukwa cha zomera mosalekeza analephera kuika odzigudubuza. Ndi njira nyengo kuzizira Cossacks anapereka msasa chiphaso, kumene tinakhala lonse yozizira. Pambuyo ndinayamba rafting pa mtsinje Tagil.

Siberia Khanate

The Kugonjetsedwa Siberia ndi Yermak anakumana ndi kukana woyamba ku Chitata m'deralo. Pali pafupifupi kuwoloka mtsinje ob anayamba Siberia Khanate. boma waung'ono unakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 15, atagonjetsedwa wa Golden gulu. Iwo anali mphamvu ndithu ndipo inkakhala ndi katundu wochepa ka akalonga.

The Tartars amakonda njira woyendayendawu wa moyo, sanathe kumanga mzinda zabwino, kapena ngakhale m'midzi. The ntchito yaikulu anali kufukizabe kusaka ndi kukantha. Ankhondo anali makamaka wokwera. Monga zida ntchito scimitars kapena malupanga. Nthawi zambiri, iwo kwanuko opangidwa ndi mofulumira inawonongeka. Palinso anagwidwa malupanga Russian ndi zina zipangizo apamwamba. Ife tinkakonda machenjerero a anawazunza mofulumira apakavalo, imene okwera kwenikweni kuponderezedwa mdani, kenako kwawo. oyenda anali oponya mivi makamaka.

zida Cossacks

Cossack Ermak analandira pa nthawi utumiki panopa. Zinali mfuti ufa ndi mizinga. Chitata ambiri ngakhale anawona ngati, ichi ndi mwayi waukulu Russian.

Pafupi masiku Turinsk anali nkhondo yoyamba. Apa Chitata awalande Cossacks anayamba kusamba mivi. Ndiye m'dera kalonga epanche anatumiza asilikali ake pa Ermak. Cossacks anatsegula moto pa iwo kuchokera mfuti yaitali ndi mizinga, kenako n'kuthawa Chitata. Kupambana kumeneku amaloledwa kutenga m'dera Ching chonse popanda kumenyana.

Chigonjetso loyamba la Cossacks anabweretsa katundu osiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera golide ndi siliva, mayiko amenewa anali olemera kwambiri ku Siberia ubweya, amene chikuzika mwa Russia. Pambuyo zina anthu utumiki kalasi anaphunzira za kupanga, anagonjetsa Siberia, ndi Cossacks anakopeka anthu ambiri atsopano.

Kugonjetsedwa Western Siberia

Pambuyo mndandanda wa kupambana mwamsanga ndi bwino Ermak n'kuyamba kum'mawa zina. M'chaka ochepa Chitata akalonga ogwirizana kubweza Cossacks, koma mofulumira anagonjetsedwa ndipo anazindikira kuti boma la Russia. Pakati chilimwe mu Yarkovsky m'dera makono woyamba nkhondo yaikulu. Mametkula apakavalo anapezerapo kuukira malo a Cossacks. Iwo anafuna kukhala pafupi ndi kumugonjetsa mdani, masuku pamutu wokwera mu melee lapansi. Ermak mwini yekha adayimirira ngalande chimene munali mfuti ndipo anayamba moto pa Chitata. Kale patapita volleys ochepa Mametkul anathamanga ndi gulu lake lonse lankhondo wotsegulira Cossacks pochitika Karachi.

Ntchito yomanga dziko ntchito

Kugonjetsedwa Siberia anali yodziwika ndi awiri sanali kumenyana. mavuto nyengo ndi nyengo zovuta anachititsa matenda ambiri mu forwarders msasa. Kuwonjezera pa Russian detachment wa Ermak anali Germany ndi Lithuanians (wotchedwa anthu ku limati Baltic).

Iwo anali pachiopsezo kwambiri ku matenda ndi acclimatization chovuta anasamutsidwa. Komabe, kutentha m'chilimwe Siberia mavuto amenewa sanali, kotero Cossacks anasamukira popanda mavuto, nasenza ndi gawo lalikulu. midzi anatengedwa si anagonjetsa ndi kutentha. Kawirikawiri anakwera zodzikongoletsera kwa kalonga m'deralo, ngati iye amadzinenera poyera asilikali. Zina chabe touted mphatso. Kuwonjezera pa Cossacks atsamunda nawo ntchitoyi. Iwo anayenda pambuyo asilikali, pamodzi ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo komanso akuluakulu a makonzedwe lilinkudza. M'mizinda anagonjetsa ndiye anamanga forts - zokhalamo forts matabwa. Iwo anali onse oyendetsera boma, ndi malo achitetezo pa chochitika ozungulira mzindawo ndi.

Mafuko anagonjetsa adamangidwa msonkho. Chifukwa malipiro ake ndipo anali kuonera abwanamkubwa Russian mu ndende. Ngati munthu wina akana kupereka msonkho, anakacheza kumuwombera m'deralo. Mu masiku a kusamvera lalikulu anathandiza wa Cossacks.

Kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa Siberia Khanate

Kugonjetsedwa Siberia ntchito chifukwa chakuti Chitata m'deralo pafupifupi sanali kucheza ndi wina ndi mnzake. mafuko osiyanasiyana amachitika pakati pa nkhondo. Ngakhale mkati mwa Siberia Khanate, akalonga onse mofulumira thandizo la ena. Kulimbikira kwambiri unali Chitata Khan Kuchum. Kuletsa Cossacks, anayamba kusonkhanitsa pasadakhale asilikali. Kuwonjezera kumuwombera wake, anauza mercenaries. Iwo anali Ostiaks ndi Voguls. Mwa iwo alipo ndipo mukudziwa. Kumayambiriro November, Khan anatsogolera Tartars kuti m'kamwa mwa Tobol, akufuna kuletsa Russian pano. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu kumeneko ku mbali yaikulu analibe chidwi Kuchum thandizo.

motsimikiza nkhondo

Pamene nkhondo inayambika, pafupifupi mercenaries anathawa kunkhondo. Bwino bungwe ndi ophunzitsidwa ndi Tartars sanathe yaitali asagwere kusiya nkhondo ndi Cossacks komanso anabwerera.

Atapambana nkhondoyo yowononga Malingana ndi pamaso Ermak anatsegula njira kuti Kishlyk. Pambuyo pa adani a likulu la detachment anaima mu mzinda. Patapita masiku angapo kumeneko anayamba kufika Khanty oimira ndi mphatso. Ataman anawalandira zokondwa ndipo analankhula mokoma mtima. Pambuyo pake, ndi Chitata anayamba mwaufulu kubweretsa mphatso kuwombola chitetezo. Komanso, aliyense amene akugwada, alonjeza kupereka msonkho.

Imfa pa nsonga ya kutchuka

Kugonjetsedwa Siberia si poyamba amapereka mwa Moscow. Komabe, mphekesera za kupambana a Cossacks mwachilungamo kufalitsa mwamsanga m'dziko lonselo. Mu 1582 Ermak anatumiza nthumwi kwa mfumu. anali kachipangizo Ataman Ivan mphete, lotsogoledwa ndi akazembe. Tsar Ivan anali chachinayi phwando Cossacks. Iwo anapatsidwa mphatso, Pakati - zida za smithy achifumu. Ivan komanso analamula kusonkhanitsa kumuwombera a anthu 500 ndi kutumizidwa ku Siberia. Chaka chotsatira Ermak anagonjetsa pafupifupi onse m'dziko pa gombe la Irtysh.

Mtsogoleri wotchuka anapitiriza kugonjetsa madera uncharted ndi kugonjetsa mitundu kwambiri. Panali zipolowe, amene anatha mofulumira pansi. Koma pafupi ndi mtsinje Vagai detachment wa Ermak anaukiridwa. outposts Cossack usiku modzidzimutsa, ndi Tartars anapha pafupifupi onse. Great mtsogoleri ndi Cossack Ataman Ermak anafa.

Komanso anagonjetsa Siberia mwachidule

Malo enieni a manda sakudziwika mtsogoleri. Atamwalira Ermak ndi mwakhama anapitiriza kugonjetsa Siberia. Chaka anagonjera m'madera onse atsopano. Ngati ndawala choyambirira sanali mgwirizano ndi boma la Russia ndipo anali wachisokonezo, zotsatirapo wakhala kwambiri centralized. Mfumu ndi pamene ulamuliro wa nkhaniyo. Zonse anatulutsa okonzeka bwino ulendo. Castle inamangidwa Tyumen, amene anakhala woyamba Russian kuthetsa m'madera amenewa. Kuyambira pamenepo anakonza kugonjetsa anapitiriza ntchito Cossack. Chaka ndi chaka, iwo anagonjetsa m'madera onse atsopano. Mu mzinda zimagwira Boma Russian. Ku likulu anatumizidwa anthu ophunzira kuchita malonda.

Mu zaka za m'ma 17, pali yoweyula yogwira kulamulira. Zochokera m'midzi ambiri ndi m'midzi. Alimi anachokera m'mbali zina Russia. Ndi kuthetsa ali ikupita patsogolo. Mu 1733, izo bungwe ndi wotchuka kumpoto ulendo. Kuwonjezera anagonjetsa komanso cholinga chake pa kafukufuku ndipo anapeza m'mayiko ena. Deta analandira pambuyo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi geographers padziko lonse. Mapeto kujowina Siberia tinganene kuti kulowa Uryahanskogo m'mphepete mwa Russian Ufumu.