Mbiri ya wailesi

"Radio" tsopano mawu ndithu bwino ndi wamba. Masiku ano aliyense amadziwa kuti kufala kwa mudziwe "popanda mawaya" ntchito mphepo. Koma zaka 100 zapitazo, palibe amene akanakhoza kulingalira koteroko. History wailesi, Ndipotu, chidwi kwambiri. Kufikira tsopano, mbiri yakale akamafotokoza amene anayambitsa lowona - Popov kapena Marconi.

Nthawi zonse injini za ndondomeko panali kulumikiza. Back mu 1864 kuli mafunde mu atomu ananeneratu theoretically J. Maxwell. pasanathe zaka 25 chinkhoswe mu chilengedwe cha mafunde awa hedzi. Pa mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano adatsimikizira chiphunzitso Maxwell ndipo anapitiriza ntchito anayamba ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo ake. Zotsatira zake zinali chilengedwe cha chipangizo chimene anatha kupatsira ndi kulandira mafunde mu atomu ali ofanana. wolandila Izi zakhala chisoni ndi ntchito yekha pa mtunda wa angapo mamita. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha patsogolo, koma anafunika kuchita chinthu china kulumikiza weniweni - munthu wangwiro, wamphamvu chopatsilira. Mwatsoka, hedzi anafa poizoni aakulu magazi, koma mbiri ya wailesi sasiya kumeneko.

Maphunziro dziko dera wakhala chidwi mu zatsopano za hedzi. Ndipo posachedwapa kachiwiri anatsegula njira yatsopano tcheru wolandila. Timachita zimenezi England ndi ku France O. Lodge E.Branli. Iwo anapeza kuti ena chubu zitsulo ufa wodzazidwa Yankho bwino mafunde. Pamene chopatsilira ndinazembera mphamvu choyamba, anatenga mbendera makamaka ndipo amachititsa panopa. Komabe, phwando yotsatira chizindikiro coherer (chubu) zinayenera kugwedeza pang'ono, kubwerera Zimachititsa mu malo poyambira.

Zimene anthu amenewa anakhala chidwi Russian injiniya Alexander Popov, kumvetsa kwambiri kufunika kwa kulankhulana ndi opanda zingwe. Iye anayamba kufunafuna ntchito mu muzichitochito, "hedzi mafunde". Kunali koyenera kukhazikitsa makina kuti coherer yekha "kukokana" nthawi iliyonse chizindikiro kutha nthawi yomweyo yotsatira.

Apa akuyamba mbiri ya wailesi Russian mapulogalamu. Popov anapeza njira chidwi ndi kuphweka ake oyera. Kulumikiza chubu magetsi belo. Pamene nyundo mphete chizindikiro pa coherer pepala, chotero akubwerera ku malo ake apachiyambi. Kuyambira mkokomo kotheka kulandira chizindikiro popanda vuto chofala Morse code. makina wina chikugwirizana ndi cholembera kuti azindikire chizindikiro pa kuyenda lamba. Izi phwando wailesi ndi HIV (pa mtunda wa mamita 60) Popov chinaonetsedwa mu 1895. Choncho anayamba mbiri ya wailesi pagulu. Pakumala acita chipangizo kuti kumadzetsa phindu - "mkuntho chizindikiro" kuti akaundula mphezi pa tepi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chibwenzi wachita kwa 250 m. Nkhani inayenda bwino, koma chifukwa komaliza zochuluka ntchito ndi nthawi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo G. Marconi, mnyamata wa ku Italy yemwe ankagwira ntchito mwakhama ntchito zofanana, koma njira ina. Mwa njira, amalandira wake ziwembu pafupifupi osiyana njira Popov. Kulankhulana ndi anapatsiranso yekha pa mtunda waufupi. Koma mlengi Italy ankakhulupirira kwambiri ndipo anafuna mwamsanga kupeza ntchito dongosolo. Anauzira matupi osiyanasiyana State, koma onse anakana. Ndipo okha 1897 iye anapatsidwa ndi setifiketi ku United Kingdom. Mbiri ya wailesi, anamanga Italy, anabwera ku Russia, kuti Popov anayankha ndithu mokwanira, popeza kuti Marconi yoyamba anayesa kuchita pa bwalo othandiza maziko n'kukafika ku zatsopano wake, zotsatira zabwino.

Patapita nthawi, kukula kwa Italy ndi Russian, apeza ntchito zawo zothandiza. Marconi zida ntchito Prince of Wales pa yatchi "Osborne". kuwonekera koyamba kugulu A Popov anapulumutsidwa asodzi 50 ntchito chipangizo ake kulankhulana opanda zingwe, pamene analoledwa kukonza dongosolo radiogram mavuto a amalinyero.

Ndipo Popov, ndi Marconi zikukangalika ntchito pa kuwongolera mauthenga opanda zingwe. N'zotheka kusintha khalidwe ndi kukwaniritsa kuwonjezeka mtunda pakati amalandira lapansi. Nkhani sikuthetsa ndi chitukuko cha wailesi, chifukwa pa nthawi anayamba yothandiza ndiponso yodalirika, kusintha ndi kusintha.