Kachitidwe ntchito - dongosolo amagwira ntchito ... Mbali

Kachitidwe ntchito - dongosolo la ulimi mwinimunda ku Russia mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 19 - chiyambi cha 20th Century kufufuza, ndi ntchito za wamba chifukwa lendi dziko, .. ngongole ndalama kapena mkate, zipangizo nkhuni, mosatekeseka, etc. Zosiyanasiyana machitidwe kakulidwe anali sharecropping ndi sharecropping. Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "migodi" mu Dictionary - ntchito wamba pa dziko la mwinimunda ngati malipiro a lendi dziko pambuyo chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom.

dziko tenancy

Sharecropping - mtundu wa pangano dziko limene nyumba linaperekedwa kwa mwini gawo la mbewu. Iwo amakhala makamaka chisanachitike capitalist ndi underdeveloped mitundu capitalist yokumba la alimi ang'onoang'ono. Zikamera wa zinthu bizinesi ndi mtundu wa kusintha kwa mode ang'onoang'ono za lendi dziko capitalist lapansi. Sharecropping akadali amalimbikira mayiko ena monga chidina wa feudalism (United States, Italy, South-West France, Spain). M'mayiko ambiri a kum'mawa ali ndi udindo waukulu monga mawonekedwe a pangano.

sharecropping

Sharecropping - mtundu wa sharecropping, pamene lendi dziko anafuna mwini, ndi theka mbewu. njira ya ulimi ankakonda kwambiri, makamaka ku malo wakuda nthaka ya kum'mwera Russia.

Kaperekedwe kakulidwe a dongosolo

Mitundu kachitidwe kakulidwe ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Panali otchedwa zasungidwa podesyatinnye izdelny yolemba ntchito, m'matumba processing (yozizira ndi chimodzi chakhumi chakhumi chilimwe) - Pankhaniyi wamba wopeza ndalama pokonza dziko eni 'ndi zipangizo zawo. Nthawi zina wamba anatenga mkate kapena kubwereka ndalama, chikalata ntchito ndi malipiro ake chidwi. mtundu uwu ukuimira mbali khalidwe: dongosolo amagwira ntchito - theka-ang'onoang'ono mtundu wa ulimi, atavala katapira ukapolo yolemba ntchito.

Nthawi zina wamba ntchito "chifukwa chomasuka" (kutenga udindo kukwaniritsa chilango zolamulidzwazo potsata lamulo omasuka), ntchito basi "ulemu" - chakudya, pafupifupi kanthu, kotero kuti asataye mwayi wina mumapezera ku landlords lapansi. Pomaliza, ambiri zinali kuchitika mu mawonekedwe a sharecropping.

dongosolo amagwira ntchito mu mbiri chiyani?

The makumi awiri pambuyo kusintha, ndi mwininyumba chuma, panali kusintha mitundu capitalist umwini dziko pobwezera ang'onoang'ono. Zinafika m'malo akale dongosolo amagwira ntchito - ichi ndicho chimene chinali kuti alimi yowazungulira anayamba kukhala m'dziko mwininyumba ndi zipangizo zawo ndi anazichotsa.

Kusiyana ndi serfdom anali pano kuti mlimi tsopano kulowa ubwenzi contractual ndi mwininyumba, ndipo anali kale asanamangidwe. Tinayamba kuchita msika malamulo a kapezedwe ndi kufunika. Komabe, dongosolo amagwira ntchito linali ndi zovuta zake. Popeza mwininyumba analidi okhawo, nthawi zambiri ulembedwe mawu alionse kwa anthu wamba, amene anapereka dongosolo latsopano la ukapolo. Kachitidwe ntchito - ndi zotsatira za landlessness osauka ikuchitika pambuyo kusintha 1861, komanso kuthamanga kwa zigawo inatera.

Malipiro pamene castings

Data anatengedwa ku magwero osiyanasiyana akusonyeza kuti angongole ndi kakulidwe yolemba ntchito malipiro nthawi m'munsi poyerekeza ndi capitalist ndi "ufulu" wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa. Natural lendi kwambiri kwambiri anayamba mu magulu osaukitsitsa wamba, ndi amakakamizidwa ganyu m'mphawi amene sangathe kukana kusinthika ake mu ogwira ntchito zaulimi.

alimi olemera amakonda dziko ndalama. Bwana amafuna ndalama renti, potero kuchepetsa mtengo wa mtengo dziko. Amalipiritsa pafupifupi kwa processing wa amphawi ndi awo zipangizo chakhumi cha mbewu anali 6 rubles. (Data ku 1883-1891 gg. Mu wakuda lapansi lamba). ntchito Free kunaganiziridwa monga 6 rubles. 19 kopecks. kokha ntchito pa phazi, popanda kutenga nkhani ntchito akavalo (kulipidwa payokha osachepera 4 rubles. 50 kopecks.).

Kuchuluka kwa kachitidwe kakulidwe

eni Land anapeza madalitso kubwereka "kudula-kutali" wa wambiri wamba. Choncho, chapakati lamba wakuda lapansi, pamene zigawo nkhani mbali yaikulu ya dziko, dongosolo amagwira ntchito ndi anthu otchuka. Komanso, munda mderali ambiri a zaulimi, polingalira za mwayi zochepa nsomba.

M'zigawo mafakitale Black Lapansi Region ndi kum'mwera kwa Russia pa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira pambuyo kusintha, panali kusintha kwa dongosolo capitalist chuma, ntchito ntchito ganyu ndi luso bwino ulimi. Chitsanzo cha mtundu uwu wa malonda ndi ulimi A. N. Engelgardta amafotokozedwa "Letters m'mudzimo".

Pansipa pali tebulo zokhudza 80s wa atumwi 19 (deta Anienskogo NF), mmene chiŵerengero cha anasonyeza mitundu kakulidwe ndi capitalist a ulimi.

Pagome Ndizachidziwikire kuti mu zaka 80 za m'ma 19 ku Russia pa dongosolo lonse capitalist ya ulimi zambiri wamba kuposa kakulidwe. Pogwila ntchito yoyamba (pamene wamba ikuchitika ntchito ndi zipangizo zawo) n'kuyamba castings a mtundu wachiwiri (mlimi wosauka akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mwinimunda kufufuza). Evolution wa ulimi lagona ndendende mu kusintha woyamba kugwira ntchito kuchokera kwa mtundu chachiwiri, ndiye kuti ntchito ya malipiro capitalist. M'mavuto zaka za nkhani ya "kubwerera mmbuyo," ndiyeno akuyamba kachiwiri kupambana. Azambiriyakale kuona umoyo wake, chifukwa dongosolo amagwira ntchito - amene anapitiriza kukhalapo mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma 20.

Kuipa kakulidwe dongosolo

Njira ulimi likanakhalako ngati mwininyumba anali yopindulitsa kwambiri kukalembera ndi akapolo osauka kuposa munthu wogwira ntchito wamba. Iwo anachedwa patsogolo luso, kuyambira pamene ntchito ulimi m'mbuyo zinachitika kuteteza otsika ulimi. Zotsatira zake zinali otsika zokolola, T. Kwa. The zipatso minda ya landlords kutsatira dongosolo kakulidwe anali m'munsi ngakhale kuposa magawo wamba.

Migodi zinachititsa kuti bwinja impoverishment osauka, makamaka opeza, amene wakhala mtsikana ambiri m'dziko lino chuma. N'zosadabwitsa njira kulima ndi nthawi anataya tanthauzo lake, kupereka njira kwa ano, mitundu capitalist.