Road Roma: kufotokoza, mbiri, makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Roma msewu yokutidwa osati Roma, komanso ufumu wake waukulu. Choyamba anaonekera mu Italy, ndiyeno kumanga awo anali ikuchitika m'madera osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya, Asia ndi Africa. Kukhazikika limasonyeza maukonde paliponse mu ufumuwo. Poyamba anafuna pongofuna usilikali, koma yamtendere izo anasamukira amtokoma ndi katundu, amene anali ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu lonse. Ancient msewu ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale atagwa ufumu waukulu.

chipilala cha amakedzana

Wapadera kwa nthawi, khalidwe misewu Chiroma zotsatira za boma kuyang'aniridwa ndi kumanga awo. Kale khumi matebulo (a V m'ma BC. E.) anatsimikiza ndi njira umodzi m'lifupi n'kumandiuza anthu amene ankakhala pafupi ndi iwo, mpanda ziwembu zawo.

Aliyense Roma mwala msewu mlatho, kotero izo zinali yabwino apaulendo ndi akavalo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba njira imeneyi ya nyumba anadza m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu Appiy Klavdy ndi CEC. Pa malangizo ake pa mapeto a BC IV atumwi. e. Linamangidwa msewu pakati Capua ndi Rome. Ndi nthawi imene Republic anakhala ufumu wa dziko lonse chilumba chidafundidwa mu izi zopezera zofunika zoyendera.

Apiyo wakhazikitsa kugwirizana pakati leni Rome ndi maiko kunja, amene anadzakhala zigawo za ufumuwo: Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt. Lero, pamodzi ndi zotsalazo kwa msewu wakale, ili zosiyanasiyana zipilala za m'mbuyomu. Izi Villa apamwamba, ntchito ndi Ayuda ndi Akhristu mphanga za m'nthaka. Pambali iwo pa malinga akale ndi nsanja, komanso pomanga Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

Ndi kugwa

Lililonse latsopano Roma msewu afika dzina la m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu, imene iye anali kumangidwa, kapena dzina la m'chigawocho. Bridges okhawo njira imene inali m'mizinda kapena kunja kwa mzinda wa izo. Ena Intaneti chidafundidwa ndi miyala, mchenga ndi miyala - zipangizo opangidwa ku maenje wapadera.

Pamwamba pa mphamvu Ufumu wa Roma Road anali kutalika wokwanira makilomita pafupifupi 100 zikwi. Ndi chifukwa iwo kuti boma amalandira ndalama kwambiri kuchokera mumtima malonda dziko. Ndi kukula kwa cuma zinachitikadi amalonda. mankhwala Mediterranean tsopano anagwira anthu madera musati ngakhale ndimalota za iwo. Roma Road anathandiza kunyamula mofanana vinyo Spain ameneŵa ndipo dzinthu Numidian.

Mu ufumu III m'ma zinali zikuphedwa mafuko ambiri wakunja. Choyamba Amitundu asilikali agwidwa yekha zigawo malire. Komabe, pamene mphamvu ya mafumu wofooka horde anayamba kudutsa ngakhale ku Italy. Aliyense msewu Roma kuti anatembenukira njira zawo, ntchito akunjawo kunkhondo, monga mwa nthawi yoikika mwa asilikali a Latin. Pamene ufumu anakomoka, kumanga njira yatsopano kusiya. The "maufumu wakunja" oyambirira Middle Ages ambiri zomangamanga nyumba ya Aroma anasiya ndipo aiwala.

zidule wakale

Mu Rome panali wapadera boma ofesi ya kuyeza. Anthu amenewa ankachita chodetsa njira ya msewu m'tsogolo. Kuti atsogolere ntchito imeneyi ntchito zipangizo zapadera. Ena mwa iwo anali mu mzere wautali, ndi goniometers kufanana, diopters triangular anafunika kudziwa kutalika ndi mayikidwe.

msewu chimadutsa pa mtunda, olimbika, zinamangidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kukondera chilimbikitso ndi chitetezo cha apaulendo. Cornering njanji anakhala onse. Ichi chidachitika kuti amapezeka akukumana ngolo mzake anatha kuphonya popanda chochitika.

yomanga patsogolo

Aliyense msewu Roma limayamba ndi chakuti mu malo ake kugwetsa mbewu yonse ya chitsamba chilichonse aliyense. Pambuyo anapezazo ndi geodetic ndi miyezo awonetse mmwamba. Pambuyo kamangidwe, yomwe ikuchitika akatswiri. Yomanga nawo akapolo, akaidi kapena asilikali. Ena mwa iwo anali anthu osema miyala amene kudula mbale wapadera Ayikidwa maziko a msewu.

pomanga zinachitikadi imodzi pa mbali zosiyana oyenerera pa mtunda Chrixitu. msewu munali zigawo zingapo ndipo wamng'ono towered pa lathyathyathya mtunda. Ngati njira anathamanga kudutsa mapiri, antchito akanatha kupanga embankments wapadera ndi ngalande. okwera yokumba ndi matendawa, imathandiza kuti mtsempha wamagazi mayendedwe yosalala ndi omasuka. Ndi kuopseza mvula pansi akale misewu ya Aroma zida ndi eni.

Fundam inkakhala midadada planed mwala. Kusiyana therebetween ndi ngalande dongosolo chosavuta (anathawa kukhetsa ngalande pamodzi misewu). Kenako wosanjikiza mchenga kapena miyala wakhala zofunika mayikidwe pamwamba. Iwo wagona pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kapena laimu zokuthandizani kupanga the web softness. Nthawi zina, msewu akhoza kugawidwa mu njira ziwiri. Chimodzi chinali choti mahatchi, ndi zina - anthu oyenda pansi. Chotero mbali wakhala zothandiza kwambiri ngati ntchito asilikali okwera mtengo.

kuti Mail ndi chitetezo

Mu Roma, panali nthawi zambiri wangwiro utumiki positi. Amtokoma, anali ndi misewu, mwamsanga kufalitsa uthenga ndi mauthenga mu m'madera ambiri osiyana a ufumuwo. Masana iwo akhoza kuthana ndi njira makilomita 75, amene anali ndi kupambana zosaneneka panthawi wakale. Monga ulamuliro, amtokoma atakwera ngolo kwa Mlomo yodzaza mabokosi. Ngati Uthengawu ndi wamsanga, wogwila ntchito ku positi ofesi ankanyamula izo padera pa mahatchi.

Kuti zikutsindikanso amtokoma udindo wake ankavala zipewa opangidwa mwapadera chikopa. utumiki wawo zinali zoopsa, chifukwa apaulendo ankatha kuukira achifwamba. M'misewu ya zinamangidwa posts alonda. Asilikali maso magalimoto pamsewu. Ena m'misasa pang'onopang'ono anakula mphamvu ndipo ngakhale m'midzi.

Pubs ndi alendo

Yaitali kuyenda simungakhoze kuchita popanda wotsala. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, omanga anthu anamangidwira siteshoni usiku. Iwo inali pafupifupi 15 makilomita Chrixitu. Palinso wosinthika akavalo. Ngakhale zambiri yabwino, koma ochepa anali alendo ndi malo odyera. Iwo apaulendo ankatha kugula njira zothandiza zinthu amagulitsidwa monga wosula kapena wamsonkho.

Ena tavernas (makamaka m'madera akumidzi) anasangalala ndi makhalidwe oipa. Ndiye, apaulendo ankatha ogona ndi anthu am'deralo. Amadziwika kuti mwambo ambiri alendo chinaperekedwa anthu Roma. Kuwonjezera alendo umakhoza nkhokwe ndi malo m'misewu. Adathamanga msonkhano wapadera, ndi amene chakudya m'mizinda.

milatho

Monga wotchuka msewu Roma (Apiyo, kutsogolera kuchokera ku likulu ku Capua), pafupifupi misewu ena onse omwe adamangidwa mu njira patsogolo. Kumathandiza kupewedwa zithaphwi. Ngati njira anatsatira mtsinje, ndi okonza tayesera kupeza atafika. Komabe, Roman milatho ndi osiyana quality, ndipo ena mwa iwo (monga Trajanov mlatho wa Danube) ngakhale anapulumuka.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, akuluakulu akhoza mwachindunji kupha Kuoloka kwa mtsinje kuteteza mdaniyo kudutsa kwambiri mu ufumuwo. Koma ngakhale mu nkhani iyi kukhala thandizo chomwecho, ndiponso milatho kenako mofulumira anabwezeretsedwa. Mbali khalidwe dongosolo awo anali arches. milatho matabwa anali osalimba kuposa, koma mtengo.

Ena kudutsa osiyana mix kutisokoneza. Support angakhale mwala, ndi yazokonza pansi - nkhuni. Ichi chinali mlatho Trier, pa malire a Ufumu wa Germany. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti lero mu mzinda German anakhalabe okha wakale mwala zogwiriziza. Kugonjetsa mikulo yotakata ntchito milatho. Panalinso mchitidwe kukonza boti.

Khadi ndi zopezera zosowa zakale msewu

Mu ulamuliro wa Mfumu Caracalla pa chiyambi cha III m'ma izo zinapangidwa ulendo wa Antoninus - buku-index, chimene chakhala kutchulidwa osati misewu ya ufumuwo komanso patali, komanso deta zina zosangalatsa. Popeza kumanga misewu ya Aroma anapitiriza zaka wotsatira, kutolera anakopera wodzilemekeza ndiponso kangapo.

mapu ambiri yakale yoyendera kenako kwa zaka anali mu malaibulale obisika mu Ulaya. M'zaka za m'ma XIII woyambitsa osadziwika anapanga zikopa buku chikalata wakale. The bokosilo amatchedwa tabula peutingeriana. 11 tsamba mpukutu umaimira lonse Roma ndi maukonde ake misewu pamwamba pa ukulu wake.

Palibe kukaika kuti zamalonda atumikira gwero wakale anthu zokhudza dziko ladzala ndi zinsinsi. Tebulo wotchuka iwo mozungulira misewu olembedwa mayina a mafuko osiyanasiyana okhala thambo lalikulu ku Africa kwa England, ndi ku India ku nyanja ya Atlantic.

misewu pagulu

Pali malo ambiri okhudza mmene kumanga msewu Roma. Anthu Mwachitsanzo, ntchito Sicula flake - wotchuka wakale dziko yoyeza. Ufumu Road ogaŵikana mitundu itatu. The woyamba amatchedwa anthu, kapena asilikali oteteza mfumu. Munjila zimenezi chikugwirizana kumzinda waukulu ndi zofunika kwambiri.

Misewu Public, adali ndi m'lifupi mamita 12, zinamangidwa pa mosungiramo ndalama boma. Kuti ndalama zomangira zina zoika misonkho zosakhalitsa. Pankhaniyi, ndi msonkho umene mzinda, amene adali misewu Ufumu wa Roma. Nthawi zina ndi zina kuti njira anadutsa m'mayiko za thupi lalikulu ndi wolemera eni (mwachitsanzo, olemekezeka). Kenako nzika iwonso misonkho. Pa njira anthu anali osamalira - akuluakulu, kenako boma chinsalu ndi udindo kwa kukonza ake.

Zinyalala ndi misewu payekha

Kwa anthu nthambi msewu dziko misewu (mtundu chachiwiri, malinga ndi gulu akale). Munjila zimenezi chikugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha m'midzi yapafupi. Iwo nkhani zambiri za ufumu maukonde zoyendera. m'lifupi awo ndi wofanana ndi mamita 3-4.

Mtundu wachitatu zikuphatikizapo misewu payekha. Iwo ndalama ndi wokwatibwa ndi anthu payekha. Childs, misewu yoteroyo zimamangidwa minda wolemera ndi adjoined ndi maukonde ofanana. Anathandiza olemekezeka olemera mofulumira ku likulu la m'nyumba zawo.