Matenda Periodontal: makhalidwe, zimayambitsa, pathogenesis, matenda, mankhwala ndi kupewa. Gulu la matenda periodontal

Pakabuka mavuto ndi M'mimbamo m'kamwa, ngati zosasangalatsa kunyalanyaza kusintha kovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, kupewa periodontal ndipo anayamba mankhwala a matenda nthawizonse zidzakhala zogwirizana. Ndipotu, gulu la matenda ndi zachilendo, onse akulu ndi ana.

ndicho matenda Kodi

Kumvetsetsa vutoli, muyenera tcheru ndi mfundo angapo ofunika. Mukhoza kuyamba ndi periodontitis.

Mawu amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti minofu azinga dzino ndipo adzatsekeredwa kutseka mu pachibwano. Ndipotu, tikulankhula za periodontal mitsempha (zikugwirizana fupa dzenje ndi muzu dzino), gingiva, fupa minofu, ndondomeko alveolar ndi simenti a dzino. Samalani zigawo zosiyanasiyana za minofu, n'zomveka chifukwa chakuti matendawa akhoza kugunda aliyense wa padera.

Koma ndondomeko, ali ndi kukhudza oopsa miyambo ya pollosti wapakamwa, nthawi zambiri, ndi kutukusira kwa dongosolo lonse kapena minofu ya mmphepete gingival.

Ndi chikhalidwe chake, matenda okhudzana ndi m'kamwa ndi mano, kungakhale neoplastic, osachiritsika kapena yotupa.

Iwo ankadziwa kuti matenda periodontal amatanthauza gulu la mavuto ambiri amene odwala kubwera kwa mano. Ataphunzira deta WHO, mungaphunzire mfundo zotsatirazi: mtundu uwu matenda a ana anapeza 80% ya milandu m'mayiko ambiri. Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri timalimbana ndi gulu la matenda.

zifukwa

Kumene, mavuto ndi m'kamwa ndi zimakhala ena m'kamwa sizimaoneka paokha - amathandiza kuti zikamera njira zina.

Kumbali ya zinthu achindunji kwa etiology wa gulu la matenda, iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri ofunika: m'deralo ndi ambiri. Kwenikweni ndi zolengeza, kuvulala, subgingival ndi supragingival tartar apulasitiki zopindika, `migwirizano yamasukulu 'mano, anomalies kuphatikana wa kuzomangira pakamwa za Ndilirime ndi milomo, ndi zina zotero D..

matenda alionse periodontal nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi vutoli a dongosolo kwachilengedwenso (zolengeza ndi m'kamwa madzi boma).

More makamaka pa zinthu onse, tiyenera kutchula chosowa mavitamini a magulu B, C, E. kuwononga awa kungasokoneze pa kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya zimakhala periodontal. Chosowa mavitamini ndi zofunikira amatha kuyambitsa mavuto monga kuphwanya kashiamu mapuloteni, ndi phosphorous, zimam'patsa ndi zamadzimadzi kagayidwe. Sayenera lilibe ndi chiopsezo cha kusintha organic ndi zinchito za m'mimba, ndi mantha, magazi endocrine, ndi kachitidwe mantha ya thupi.

N'chinthu chanzeru kulabadira chakuti matenda periodontal mwina chifukwa mavuto monga kutengera za kumtundu, matenda a magazi, thupi lawo siligwirizana, kusintha reactivity, immunodeficiency ndi kusokoneza dongosolo m'thupi.

alveolysis

Chifukwa cha matenda ndi atrophic ndi ndondomeko dystrophic mu zimakhala periodontal. Pakuti matenda akhoza kukhala odekha, palibe zizindikiro yowala anafotokoza.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda periodontal akuwonekera malinga a mizu ya mano kapena zithunzi kuwonjezeka kutalika chifukwa yothetsa a usinini. Nthawi zina odwala amaganiza kupweteka m'mano ndiponso kuyabwa mu usinini.

Kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda periodontal Pankhaniyi kumachepetsa kuti zotsatira symptomatic kudzera kuchitira nthumwi yapadera. Zimenezi zingakhale "Flyuogel", "Ftorlak" neri Al. Chifukwa kuchuluka tilinazo mano atachotsedwa. dokotala komanso mankhwala automassazh ndi m'kamwa. Izi zichitike pofuna kusunga malangizo matenda trophic. Nthawi zina, zogwirizana vestibuloplasticheskie opareshoni, koma mmene akhoza sunakhazikike. N'zotheka ndi kusindikiza zotsatira mphero.

Entiotropnoe mankhwala si ntchito, chifukwa zimayambitsa matenda periodontal adakali kwenikweni bwino.

Periodontitis ndi gingivitis

Ngati ife kulankhula za kotereku ya mavuto kugwirizana ndi zimakhala wapakamwa, periodontitis onse, ndi Dziwani kuti ndi yotupa matenda amene anakhudzidwa mitundu yonse ya zimakhala mu pachibwano. Pakuti chikhalidwe choterocho ndi maonekedwe khalidwe la chiwonongeko pang'onopang'ono kwa alveolar fupa la mafupa nsagwada, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa pawiri periodontal.

Koma gingivitis, akhoza ngati ndondomeko yotupa, imene imakhudza yekha minofu ya mmphepete gingival anafotokoza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti yekha amakhudza chingamu minofu pamwamba.

M'pofunikanso kudziwa mfundo zotsatirazi: mitundu imeneyi ya matenda zambiri zogwirizana. Mfundo yofunika ndi kutupa, amene anaonekera mu minofu gingival pa nthawi zingakhudze zinthu zina za nyumba periodontal. Pachifukwa ichi, musachinyalanyaze matenda amenewa, monga gingivitis, chifukwa ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita vuto zambiri chogwirika.

Kukambirana zimayambitsa matenda periodontal, tisaiwale zotsatira za zovuta lonse la zinthu, onse kunja ndi mkati. Motero, nkhani gingivitis, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa ofanana boma kunyalanyaza kutsuka mano, wopita ku mafunsidwe a tartar ndi zolengeza kudzikundikira.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati miyezo zofunika njira chingalepheretse kuoneka vuto m'malo lalikulu.

atrophic gingivitis

Kupitiriza ndi mbali ya matenda periodontal, m'pofunika kulabadira mawonekedwe matenda. Akufotokozera pa maziko a aakulu yotupa ndondomeko zokhudza dentition lonse, ndi ena mano.

Mu nkhani iyi, mucosa amakhala wotumbululuka pinki, ndi papilla sanali sakupezeka kapena ankawachotsera. Mmenemonso, wodwalayo asaone kusapeza kwambiri. Madandaulo kawirikawiri kugwirizana ndi zowawa ofooka kapena pang'ono kuyabwa mu usinini.

gingivitis aakulu

Gulu la matenda periodontal zikuphatikizapo kusintha sizabwino udindo zimakhala ngati m'kamwa.

vutoli nthawi zambiri olembedwa odwala kudwala a dongosolo m'mimba kapena mtima. Zimayambitsa matenda komanso akusowa m'thupi, komanso mmene zinthu zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kupanga. Tikuyankhula zokhudza poizoni aakulu patsogolo, Mercury ndi zinthu zina zoipa. Choncho n'kofunika kulabadira kantchito ndi musatenge mopepuka kuti mavuto amene angakumane ya mavuto thanzi.

The pathogenesis matenda periodontal wa mtundu uwu kumachepetsa kuti kukhudzana zotsatirazi minofu chowawa chinthu aonekera magazi m'kamwa pa kutsuka ndi phwando la chakudya chotafuna komanso mpweya woipa ndi kugirigisha moto.

Kuthetsa gingivitis aakulu, muyenera choyamba n'chongoletsa zinthu zimene zimachititsa kupitilira matenda. Tcheru ziperekedwe ndi akatswiri m'kamwa ukhondo. Zogwirizana woyenera kukhala zakudya zonse, detoxification cha thupi ndi kumwa nthawi zonse madzi.

Necrotizing anam'peza gingivitis

Ichi ndi mtundu wina zimene zingatenge yotupa periodontal matenda. Yoyamba boma zoterozo dysbiosis, yafupika kulimbikira lake, gipoavitaminoz, chimfine, hypothermia, mavuto immunological, zochitika zosiyanasiyana komanso mavuto angina.

Palibe adzadziwa kuti mu nkhani ya gingivitis pa maziko a matenda a magazi, m'pofunika kuti achite matenda masiyanidwe.

Chithandizo kumafuna Kupha mofulumira gwero la kutupa, ndi miyeso wofunika kuti athe kusiya imakhudzira ena zimakhala wapakamwa. Ndi ofunika amamvetsera kuchepetsa kuledzera. Mwa miyeso kuti ndi zotsatira m'deralo, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito kuchotsa minofu necrotic mpumulo ululu ndipo ndi mankhwala antibacterial yotakata sipekitiramu wa mbali zina za m'kamwa, amene zinawakhudza.

Musaiwale za kupewa kuthandiza zisadzachitikenso matenda ayenera kupewa zikamera matenda opatsirana, ndi osachedwa chithandizo mano mavuto zoonekeratu.

Mogwirizana zaumbanda periodontitis

Anthu amene ali ndi chidwi mu gulu la matenda periodontal, kutupa pa fomu iyi kuti Atchule ndi kuvomerezedwa.

Akamanena za vuto yafupika kugonjetsedwa masankho cha thandizo zida za mano chokhalitsa choyamba. Zoyambitsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda actinomycetes. Nthawi zambiri, vuto izi zimawapangitsa yokha adazindikira ana amene makolo onyamula bakiteriya tatchulazi.

Kuyankha yotupa mu nkhani iyi ndi chokwanira, koma pali yimitsira ya chitetezo cha ayankhe. M'kupita kwa nthawi, thupi mwana popangidwa ndi chitetezo zenizeni, amene amalola izi mano okhazikika adzakhala otetezeka.

Chithandizo cha periodontal matenda a mtundu uwu zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa masiku 21 ndipo kwambiri, komanso kumalo a zikunena m'deralo. Ponena za mankhwala yaitali, tisaiwale kuti muyeso imeneyi n'kofunika chifukwa tizilombo zoipa kudutsa osati mu periodontal sulcus, komanso m'matumba periodontal ndipo ngakhale zambiri nyumba fupa ndipo zimakhala. boma zoipa ndi wolimba kwambiri, choncho amafuna kukhudzana yaitali.

Mankhwala ndipo mofulumira mwapang'onopang'ono periodontitis

Vuto limeneli chifukwa cha microflora enieni mitundu yambiri. Ngati imodzi bwanji mitundu angapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zotsatira za aliyense patsogolo, imbaenda ku chiwonongeko minofu ndi yimitsira Poyankha cha m'thupi.

Poganizira pathogenesis matenda periodontal wa mtundu uwu, njira yabwino kwambiri kuchitira tima antimicrobial mankhwala (masabata osachepera 3) ndipo Machining bwino matumba periodontal.

Mwina opaleshoni. Mu nkhani iyi, patchwork panopa azichititsa ntchito imene yachitidwa pokhapokha wodwalayo kuchita zinthu zonse za mankhwala.

Mankhwala anali opindula ngati n'kotheka, m'pofunika poyamba kuchititsa kusanthula microbiological a nkhani za biopsies minofu ndi matumba periodontal.

zotupa Neoplastic wa periodontal

Matenda ziwalo zimapangitsa chakuti amakhala ovuta kwambiri kulosera chifukwa chitukuko cha matenda yekha mwa anthu amene poyamba kumakhala kutengera kwa zodabwitsa.

Monga zinthu kuchititsa chitukuko cha zotupa ndi zotupa chotupa ngati, tingadziwire mosinthana m'thupi. Kungakhale Mwachitsanzo, kudzikundikira kukula timadzi pa mimba kapena kutha msinkhu. Chifukwa maonekedwe a zotupa chotupa Mwina mulinso kutupa, matenda yapita kapena mmene zinthu zoopsa zimene aakulu mu chirengedwe.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, madokotala akhala atathana mawonetseredwe china cha kudwala ichi monga zotupa neoplastic wa periodontal. Ndi ntchito yogwira anabolic mankhwala achinyamata nthawi zambiri ntchito mu m'kalasi mu ojambula ndi masewera ena mphamvu.

Njira ya chithandizo cha periodontal matenda zinachitikira kudwala ichi ndi kuchepetsedwa kuthetsa kutupa ndi choipa (pamaso pa otsiriza), ndipo ngati chofunika, kuchotsa minofu atachuluka opaleshoni. Opaleshoni ndi njira zambiri zatsopano diagnoses monga "hypertrophic gingivitis", "chingamu fibromatosis" ndi "mezhkornevyh granuloma".

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ndikofunika amatsatira malamulo a kutsuka mano ndi ntchito antibacterial, ndi wapadera antiseptic Muzitsuka.

Matenda a Disease Periodontal

Mu ndondomeko ya matenda kuganizira chikhalidwe ndi mmene ndondomeko, komanso chithunzi matenda onse.

Pankhani periodontitis, ndi masiyanidwe matenda Pankhaniyi adzakhala lolunjika pa kudziwa zizindikiro zazikulu zitatu, umene mungathe kudziwa mlingo wa kukula kwa matendawa. Tikuyankhula zokhudza resorption fupa, pathological sayenda mano ndiponso kuya kwa periodontal mthumba.

Pachimake ndi aakulu a mtundu generality amadziŵika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kutupa ndi redness wa mucosal alveolar ululu fupa mwa makamaka dzino mu psinjika kapena kutafuna, kusalola ndi kuwonongeka kwa wodwala onse.

Monga mbali khalidwe limene akusonyeza matenda periodontal wa mtundu uwu zingadziŵike abscesses, wosawoneka mu malo osiyana. Choyamba munthu akupita, ndipo pakutha masiku 5-7 pali wina. Malo malo awo pafupi ndi malire gingival, koma uthenga si parodentalnym mthumba.

Khama gingivitis zosiyanasiyana waperekedwa pamwamba. Koma matenda a mfundo zoopsa, mu nkhani iyi, kuwonjezera mlingo wa chiwonongeko periodontal, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa chinthu etiological. Chifukwa chaichi, woyenera muyezo yoyendera ndi kafukufuku njira. Pambuyo kufunika kulabadira pathogenesis matendawa.

chithandizo

Mfundo matenda ndi mankhwala a matenda periodontal ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti, kudziwa zizindikiro zenizeni, kudziwa mtundu wa matenda, makhalidwe ake, ndi n'chongoletsa kutupa ndi zizindikiro chopweteka.

Koma, zoopseza, njira kugonjetsa matendawa akhoza kukhala kusiyana.

M'pofunikanso kudziŵa kuti cholinga kiyi wa mankhwala - kukonzanso ndi kuteteza kutafuna ntchito, normalization wa aesthetics ndi n'chongoletsa ndi kungasokoneze njira pathological monga pa thupi lonse, makamaka periodontal zimakhala.

Sankhani njira imodzi kusonkhezera vuto ngati kofulumira kwambiri chifukwa chakuti mukufuna amatha kupereka yekha chithandizo mwatsatanetsatane za matenda periodontal.

Nkofunika kudziwa komanso kuti pali mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe ndondomeko kugonjetsa matendawa inamangidwa. Izi paokha, Kuvuta, pathogenetic ndi chithandizo causal. Kumaliza ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha nambala ya miyeso zobwezeretsa.

Pankhani zolinga kiyi amene amathandiza periodontics ovutika ali motere:

1. Pathogenetic substantiation.

2. Impact pa tating'onoting'ono (etiological) Chinthu.

3. Njira umalimbana kupewa kupitirira za ndondomeko zowononga.

4. Mavuto achire pa chamoyo wonse, makamaka periodontal minofu. Entiotropnoy zomwenso mankhwala mu nkhani iyi ndi kuchotsa maziko a zimayambitsa matenda.

5. Kubwezeretsa makhalidwe zinchito ndi morphological wa periodontitis.

Panopa alipo ambiri kukonzekera osiyana antimicrobial ndi mlingo anakhumba mmene omwe akupezeka zosiyanasiyana (ulusi, angakhale angelo, chimapatsa, mbale, zodzola, ndi ena.). Koma m'pofunika kudziwa kuti ntchito chosaneneka wa wothandizila amenewa akhoza zimawonjezera matenda periodontal ana ndi anthu usinkhu wapakati, kuchititsa chitukuko cha candidiasis m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa kuphwanya microbiocenosis.

Pachifukwa ichi, pambuyo katswiri matenda ndi mankhwala dongosolo ayenera kukhala Dokotala oyenerera amene angathe kuganizira makhalidwe onse akuyenda wodwalayo ali periodontal kudwala. mbali zikuphatikizapo nthawi ya matenda, wodwala matenda ambiri, chithandizo, umene umachitikira pamaso, zotsatira ndi zinthu zina.

Mwachitsanzo, mmene pa catarrhal gingivitis. Choyamba wodwala onse kuphunzitsa yoyenera m'kamwa ukhondo, anachita pambuyo kuchotsa chikhalidwe zinthu m'dera akutivutitsa. Iyi ndi kudzazidwa mano, lawola, ndi kubwezeretsa kwa mfundo kukhudzana, komanso kuchotsa zolengeza mano.

Siteji yotsatira ya mankhwala, zimene zingakuthandizeni kuthetsa matenda periodontal, ndi kuchita m'deralo odana ndi yotupa mankhwala imene ntchito ntchito mankhwala azitsamba. Physiotherapy chithandizo pa nkhani ya catarrhal gingivitis adzasintha microcirculation. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwala kuwonetsedwa electrophoresis, m'kamwa kutikita ndi njira zina.

Pamene anasonyeza zotheka Kupha malo zosayenera mano, minofu zofewa kuvutika chitukuko ndi kuluma. Pankhaniyi, angathandize kwambiri mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, gel osakaniza lili zigawo amene ali mokwanira mkulu achire zotsatira. Njira ntchito ndi kumva: pambuyo antiseptic gingival malire udzatha, ndi kutulutsa dzino kudzipatula ntchito masikono thonje, kenako atayanika zace. Kupanga ntchito syringe kapena gel osakaniza trowel. Monga ntchito malo osankhidwa gingival sulcus kapena mmphepete gingiva.

Amagwiritsidwanso azimwa Keratoplasty mbadwo watsopano masiku 3-5 pambuyo isanayambike matenda. Ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala mangolomera njira reparative.

zotsatira

Kupewa ndi chithandizo cha matenda periodontal ndi kudwala ndi mutu zofunika kwa anthu ambiri, chifukwa m'kamwa matenda minofu kusokoneza anthu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana zambiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi gingivitis, periodontitis ndi zina matenda ofanana, muyenera kalekale kutsatira malamulo a kutsuka mano ndiponso chisamaliro cha chikhalidwe thupi lonse. Koma ngati zizindikiro choyamba cha matenda, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala, ndiye pali mwayi wa neutralization mofulumira mavuto akhala anawona.