Siberia Khan Kuchum: yonena, mu ulamuliro

Mu 1563, patapita nkhondo yaitali ndipo inapha anthu miyandamiyanda ku madera ambiri kunama pakati pa lalikulu Siberia mtsinje Irtysh ndi makhwawa chake cha Tobol, iye anakhazikitsa ulamuliro wake Khan Kuchum - mwachindunji wolowa mtundu wa Genghis Khan ndi mfundo zake m'malo aukali. asilikali Khan a, imene inali Kazakhs, Uzbeks ndi Nogai, mantha anthu m'dziko, imene analipira maso ake adyera.

Yambani wogonjetsa mayiko Siberia

Kuchum Khan amene yonena lili palokha, kuwonjezera mfundo mbiri, nkhani spawned nthano, zosiyanasiyana apangidwe za izi, mwini zokongola ndi chosiyana umunthu wake nthawizonse kukhala mu mbiri ya Siberia. Komabe, zaka zake zoyambirira pang'ono ndi yodziwika. Zikutanthauza mbiri mbiri afotokoze yekha kuti anabadwa m'chaka 1510-1520 pa gombe la Nyanja Aral, m'chigawo cha anaberekera dzina Alti-Aul. Annals "Pa kutenga Siberia Land" lopangidwa Savvoy Esipovym kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVI, nati, iye adali pa Karakalpakiya dziko.

Kukhala mbuye wa lalikulu Siberia dera, Khan Kuchum anatsogolera magulu lopangidwa ndi anthu akomweko kumumvera inayamba mu 1555, nkhondo yolimbana Khan Edigera mosatonthozeka ndinkakhala nalo m'dziko pafupi ndi Irtysh. Mu iye anali mothandizidwa ndi msuwani wake, mkulu wa Bukhara, Abdullah Khan II. Izi anaona mlendo Siberia analanda zofuna zawo chuma ndi ndale, komanso Khan Kuchum. Photos anapereka m'nkhani, kupereka lingaliro la wapadera dera Siberia kumene kanthu m'kati adziwitse m'mbiri.

Napasula Khan Edigera

Nkhondo imeneyi, malinga tatchulazi, inatha mu 1563 chigonjetso Kuchum Khan, amene anatenga ulamuliro pa gawo lalikulu ndipo anakhala wolamulira wa mafuko barabintsev, chats ndi Ostyaks okhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Irtysh. Kuyambira pamenepo, chuma wake anayamba kukula ndi liwiro zosaneneka, monga anthu anagonjetsa anali kulamulidwa nthawi zonse kupereka msonkho - msonkho mu mawonekedwe a mtengo wapatali ubweya ubweya zobala nyama.

Monga Khan Kuchum anali mbadwa ya Genghis Khan, ndiye nsanje anamusunga mwambo otetezedwa, ndi, potenga mzinda Kashlyk - likulu la Khan Edigera, anayamba kunena kuti iye ndi amene anapha yamasika pamodzi ndi m'bale Bedbulatom, kubwezera Choncho imfa ya agogo ake omwe anamwalira zaka zingapo mwa manja awo. Moyo sanataye yekha mphwake Edigera - Seydyaku, koma kuti, anam'manga ndi maunyolo, kutumiza kwa Bukhara monga mphatso kwa Abdullah Khan thandizo lake lankhondo.

Amafuna Islamization Siberia anthu

Pa malo ake phunziro Kuchum Khan ndi Muslim wopembedza, poyamba pa zonse kusamalira miyoyo ya atumiki ake atsopano, koma anachita izo mu odziwika bwino panopa miyambo ya nkhondo Islam ngati - ndi moto ndi lupanga. Koma nayonso anthu mbiri mizu zikhulupiriro zawo, ndi Ula iwo anali kwambiri kuposa mullah lapansi.

Popanda kuchita nawo makani zamulungu, Kuchum chabe kudula mitu yawo, amene ndi opirira makamaka. chakudya onse lamulo la Mahomet mdulidwe anapalamula mwaufulu kapena mokakamiza. Zinali mfundo apitiriza kutsatira ku Siberia Khan Kuchum. Photos of akachisi achikunja a Siberia Tingaone m'nkhani ino.

Ziwawa mwa anthu akomweko

Chotero moumiriza imposition wa Islam wachititsa kupanduka ambiri mwa anagonjetsa, ndipo zikuoneka kuti kubwera kwa mawu ndi vuto lake la anthu. Ukulu wa kukana anatenga lonse ngati lonse kuti Kuchum Khan anakakamizika pofuna thandizo kwa atate wake - Murtaza. Komabe, kutumiza iwo reinforcements sikunali kokwanira, ndi kokha ndi thandizo la asilikali okwera pamahatchi a yemweyo wachibale Bukhara, Abdullah Khan II anali wokhoza kuthana ndi wosamvera.

Pambuyo asilikali anafika ku Bukhara kwa Siberia ndi alaliki ambiri Chisilamu, amatanthauza chikhulupiriro watsopano amene anapulumutsa zitsulo yataghans. Zimenezi amphamvu amachititsa, komabe ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa ya Khan anthu a Siberia mu unyinji wawo ambiri anali achikunja.

Wolamulira wa ku Siberia Khanate

Mu zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Khan Kuchum iye akha- kukuza wambiri ake ndi kulimbikitsa anakhazikitsa boma awo. Mu ichi anatha Mokhumbira unquestionable. Posakhalitsa, kuwonjezera pa Chitata ndi Kipchaks, tinali pa ulamuliro wa Bashkir ndi Khanty-Mansi mafuko. Free mitundu woyamba anafika wamphamvu Siberia Khanate, chimafikira kumpoto kwa mtsinje wa ob Mtsinje kumadzulo - kuti Urals, ndi kum'mwera kwa Baraba steppe. Ndipo onse adzakhala bwino, ngati osati chifukwa msonkho kuti anayenera kulipira kwa Russian Tsar.

Han Kuchum anali m'banja la Genghis Khan omwe anagonjetsa theka dziko kale, ndipo akuphulikira mtima wake, pamene iye anali chaka kutumiza nthumwi ku Moscow ndi zikwi chofunika kwambiri apeze zikopa sable. Ndipo ngati mosungiramo Khan anatha kuchirikiza msonkho zimenezi, moyo - palibe. Pomaliza kuletsedwa matumba kukaniza pa maiko ulamuliro wake, Kuchum osati anakana kupereka msonkho kwa malo Russia, komanso akufuna kuti monga mwa Khanate wake wa madera mwawomwawo.

Kuchum Khan ndi Ermak Timofeevich

Chinthu choyamba mokwiya wake, iye anasankha Perm. Izi chikwiyire anagalukira Nogai Chitata, amene anayesa amatengerapo mwayi kuti secede ndi boma Russian. Pambuyo Khan watenga angapo akuyesetsa kuti analanda mizinda kwambiri Russian, koma okhawo navlok mkwiyo Ivana Groznogo, amene nthawi yomweyo anatumiza kwa yimitsira chake cha Cossacks kutsogozedwa ndi lodziwika bwino Ermak Timofeevich.

kugunda chimodzi chokha pansi pa Chuvash phiri kumene kunachitika October 12, mu 1581, asilikali anatha kupereka Khan Kuchum Cossacks kukana ndi amawateteza kuukira awo. Koma patatha mwezi umodzi iwo anali kwathunthu wosweka, ndiye asilikali, anali kugonjera anthu Siberia, nathawa. Pakhomo la likulu la Khanate - City Isker - Ermak sunakomane wotsutsa aliyense. Nkhondo naye, kuteteza atsopano ndi aliyense ankamuda Khan mophweka aliyense.

Chifukwa cha chifumu lankhondo la Cossacks

Izi chigonjetso mosavuta, molingana ndi azambiriyakale, chifukwa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, tisaiwale kuti Khan Kuchum anatsogolera gulu la akuluakulu a mitundu, zifukwa zina kapena chipembedzo kapena chikhalidwe zikulumikizana ndi zedi kwa wina ndi mzake.

Iwo unachita ndi chinyengo warlords m'deralo, amene ankaona kuti ndi bwino Moscow kupereka msonkho kwa mfumu kuposa Khan yachilendo amadalira komanso thandizo la asilikali Bukharian. Komanso, pozindikira kuti chiyembekezo zolanda ndi kulangidwa Russian mzinda kunapezeka kuti mumangire, iwo pomwepo pambali ya Cossacks.

Pomaliza, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti theka molapitsa horde Khan anali kulimbana ndi mwadongosolo, akukonza nkhondowo maphunziro zonse mayunitsi Cossack inali awo firearm, izo mwamtheradi si odziwika ndiye m'chipululu Siberia. zinthu izi analola detachment wa Ermak, panali zosakwana anthu zikwi mu nthawi yaifupi kuti akathetse kulimbikira mdani, kwambiri chimaposa ndi mphamvu ya manambala.

Mbali zatsopano za kulanda Siberia Khanate

Koma chuma cha nkhondo, monga ife tikudziwira, zimasintha ndi zosavuta chigonjetso zambiri Mzimu kudzikuza zosafunika. Zikatero, amene anataya asilikali ake onse, ndi kupulumuka anathawa Kuchum Khan anabisala m'chigawo Ishim kutambasula kwa kum'mwera kwa West Siberia Plain. Apo iye ankatha kusonkhanitsa momwazikanamwazikana asilikali steppe ndi alendo, powalonjeza ndi zofunkha wolemera, kukatenga pa nkhondowo Cossacks pa magulu amene ananenedwa ndi anthu a m'deralo kwa izo. Posakhalitsa, ntchito nthawi yoyenera, Kuchum anaukira iwo ndi anakwanitsa akadali apambane.

Uthenga za kulephera kwa asilikali anafika Moscow ndipo anapanga Ivana Groznogo anatumiza kwa Urals reinforcements kutsogoleredwa ndi abwanamkubwa awiri odziwa - Vasily ndi Ivan hule nyama. Chaka chotsatira, ndi detachment a oponya mivi Ine nawo ndi Daniel Chulkov. Kumene, iwo anaganiza zotsatira za mlanduwu mosatsata Khan chiyembekeza kubwezera. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ntchito asilikali langokhala chabe foray, osati nthawi zonse, yemwe anali ziwayendere bwino kwa iye.

Kugonjetsedwa ndi ndege Khan Kuchum

Choncho, mu July 1591, pambuyo wina kuukira, msasa khan Ishim Mtsinje unazunguliridwa, ndipo posakhalitsa captured oponya mivi molamulidwa ndi Prince Vladimir Koltsov-Mosalsk. Kuchum yekha kachiwiri anathawa, kusiya opambana mpikisano wa akazi ake awiri ndi mwana wake Abdul-Khair. Patatha zaka zitatu, ndi zinthu zofanana pa chisumbu cha Black ili malire chapamwamba za Irtysh. Pamenepo, chiyembekezo cha kuthawa asilikali a mfumu, Tartars tawuni linakhazikitsidwa. Pambuyo akanthe, anayesa detachment Eletski Prince Andrew, iye anatengedwera, ndipo Khan Kuchum osaonekanso, kusiya zofunkha musketeers.

Pozindikira utsiru wa nkhondo, mu 1597 Kuchum anapereka kukhazikitsa mtendere. Iye anatenga udindo kusiya zankhanza, koma chifukwa anafuna kubwerera kwa akaidi n'kuulanda chuma chake. Kuyankha analandira mwa iwo ku Moscow, ananena kuti dziko zimatheka ngati kusuntha kwake kwa utumiki wa tsar Russian. Koma ngati ana a Genghis Khan sunkalandiridwa Kuchum anakana n'kuyamba kudziunjikira mphamvu nkhonya latsopano.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa Khan Kuchum

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Moscow akuluakulu, kukhulupirira sizilephereka kwa anthu mgwirizano ndi Khan, kutenga miyeso achangu kuwononga. Mu August 1598, kalonga Koltsov Mosalsk kutsindikiza kukathyola msasa ku Irmen Khan Mtsinje. Amadziwika kuti kunkhondo anapha mwana, m'bale ndi ana awiri Khan, koma iye anakwanitsa kuthawa kachiwiri. Oponya mivi anagwira akapolo ambiri olemekezeka amene anatumizidwa yoyamba Tobolsk, ndiyeno Moscow, kumene, pa nthawi ya utumiki chigonjetso chiyamiko unachitikira.

Patapita anapanga pofuna wina kukopa Khan utumiki Russian, koma analephera. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mu October 1598 kazembe Prince Voeikov pa malamulo anakwera wachifumu pa nthawi Borisa Godunova anatumiza kwa Kuchum anadalira munthu, koma kachiwiri anakanidwa. Izo sizinali bwino ndipo adamtsata opareshoni, cholinga chimene anali kugwila Khan, ntchito zimene timaphunzira ku m'deralo.

Imfa Chobisika kwa ife mwa mbiriyakale

anamwalira mu 1601, atazunguliridwa ndi kusamvetsa yemweyo anabala. Pali malipoti zotsutsana kwambiri za nkhani imene Khan inatha moyo wake Kuchum. mbiri yake waponya penapake steppes chilengedwe anthu mafuko theka-woyendayendawu. Ku magwero ena tinganene kuti anali pafupi naye Karakalpak magazi, koma kuti chikwiyire iwo kupha kamodzi wamphamvu zonse, ndipo mwa nthawi zonse amasiye ndipo anasiya Khan - sakudziwika.

Siberia Khan Kuchum, amene ulamuliro (1563-1568) chinachitikira ndi nthawi yogonjetsa dziko la Siberia ndi chitukuko cha ofufuza ake Russian, anakhala mbali ya mbiri yathu. Iye analowa wake, pamodzi ndi ana ake ndi Ablaykerimom Kira pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake mlandu chifukwa angapo zaka akanatha kulamulira mu manja awo pa nsonga ya nayonso ndi, monga iye, anakakamizika cede kulondola uko ku Russian Tsar.

wolamulira wa banja la Siberia Khanate

Pomaliza, mawu ochepa za banja wamoyo akukhala Khan Kuchum. Wambiri, dziko mbali pandale ndi magawo a njira usilikali - kuti mudziwe, amene makamaka akutisonyeza tikaonetsetsa ichi kapena icho wotchuka. Komabe, iwo adzakhala chosakwanira ngati mulibe kuganizira padziko okondedwa ake.

Banja Khan Kuchum ali ndi zogwirizana ndi udindo wake. Pa moyo, anali ndi akazi khumi (ndi adzakazi, akapolo mulibe kuwerenga), ambiri mwa a m'banja lachifumu. Iwo anabereka ana asanu ndi ana khumi, komanso zinathandiza kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu akale woyendayendawu. Nthano za yemweyo Kuchumov Khan, ogonjetsa a Siberia, anapulumuka kwa zaka anapulumuka ndiAmene awo.