Zazing'ono njoka dziko. Laling'ono njoka zaululu

Njoka kuyambira kale kudziwika kuti ndi oopsa, mantha, anapatsidwa mphamvu zamatsenga okhalapo. Iwo amatamanda ndi luso kutsirikidwa ankagwiritsa ntchito miyambo, iwo anali kulambira ndipo adawopa. Pali mwa zokwawa izi chabe zimphona kufika mamita 14. Komabe, pali ana, omwe tikambirana zina.

Nyoka: mudziwe ambiri

Adzaupereka kwa kalasi zapoizoni, kapena zokwawa. Mbali mu dongosolo, amene amalola kuti iwo ku mpumulo wa oimira taxon lapansi.

1. Matupi a m'badwo wawo osauka, choncho kuyang'ana mwapafupi kwambiri ndi unblinking. Ndi chifukwa ichi kwachilengedwenso njoka Mbali ndipo zimachitika luso kutsirikidwa.
2. Kwathunthu wopanda nthambi. thupi ndi elongated ndi yopapatiza. Ena mitundu zimasungika zizindikiro za miyendo poyamba kunsana.
3. Popeza kumva kunja. Njoka ndi zovuta kwambiri kumva - yekha phokoso mokweza kwambiri, ndi bwino ngati limodzi ndi Phokoso ndi mpweya otentha. Koma iwo thermoreceptors kwambiri ili pa lilime, ndi oongoka kudzera olfactory mababu Jacobson. Choncho, ngakhale mu mdima wathunthu, iwo anatuluka ndi mosaphonyetsa wovulalayo wake.

Ndi mbali chidwi mu kapangidwe ka zilombo izi ndi kuti ziwalo zonse za mkati ndi mawonekedwe awo elongated, ndi kuwala kwambiri kuchepetsa. Chikhodzodzo mbali ya dongosolo excretory palibe. Mafupa umaimiridwa ndi chigaza ndi ndime msana ndi thunthu ndi mchira gawo. Mu mitundu ina, pali zambiri kuposa 430 vertebrae mu dongosolo la!

Nthiti ndi mwachisawawa atagona nyumba sitinasonkhane sternum mu M'mimbamo thupi. Choncho ngati kuwameza kupanga angachititse padera ndi kupereka malo kutambasula. Nsagwada unagwirizanitsanso Mitsemphayi extensible magawowa mayamwidwe chakudya.

Amadziwika kuti pali mitundu itatu ya njoka pa njira ya kudya:

• ogwirira sanali poizoni;
• insectivorous;
• zapoizoni.

Pali njoka yaing'ono, ndi ziphona. Mwa oimira pali mitundu chakupha ndi otetezeka.

Laling'ono njoka zaululu

Popeza kuti njoka ndi wamfupi ndi maonekedwe zikuoneka chabwinobwino ndithu, komabe zimene sakunena. Pali mitundu ina kuti pa magawo wodzichepetsa ndizazikulu wakupha. poizoni wawo ndi wakupha, ndipo osati nyama komanso anthu, nayenso.

Wamng'ono njoka dziko, zithunzi zimene Tingaone pansipa, amatha kuyamwa kupanga mu theka la thupi lake, ndiponso kupha zopangidwa poizoni. Ndi ana chakupha monga:

• nyenyezi yaing'ono adder;
• adder;
• mchenga EFA.

Taganizirani mmene njoka zing'onozing'ono moyo mwa chakupha ndi kuti ali.

nyenyezi yaing'ono adder

Nthumwi ya Namibia anachepetsa malire a Africa. Njoka pang'ono nalo dzina lake ndi wodzichepetsa kukula, chifukwa thupi lake si zoposa 30 cm (zambiri 20-25). Kunja pang'ono isiyana congeners ake chifukwa chakuti izo sizitero tentha mthupi protuberances pamwamba maso. Pakuti ichi iwo akutchedwa hornless. Ngakhale magawo yaing'ono limagwirira ntchito poizoni ndi kupha ndi kuluma munthu ndi zokwanira chachikulu buluzi.

Komabe, poizoni iye anali kanthu ayi yomweyo wodwala manjenjeyo, kotero wovulalayo amwalira pokhapokha Mphindi 10-15 pambuyo kugonjetsedwa ndi. Painting ya mphiri nyenyezi yaing'ono zingasiyane, kusintha pa moyo pambuyo molting. Ndi:

• poterera-imvi;
• chikasu bulauni;
• pabuka-chikasu;
• pinki;
• kuwala bulauni.

Pamodzi lonse kumbuyo akuthamanga lengthwise kujambula ngati mawanga wotumbululuka wakuda. wandiweyani thupi. Mchira ndi utoto wakuda. Akhoza msanga kukumba mu mchenga, ngati kuti tili m'mavuto mu izo. Choncho amathera nthawi, kuyembekezera nyama. Kusuntha mbali sitiroko. Mazira Musachedwe, chifukwa viviparous. Chiwerengero cha ana pa nthawi kungakhale nyama 10.

adder

Chotero njoka zazing'ono wamba mphiri, ndi view lililonse kwa Europe ndi ku Asia. Mu yogawa n'chachikulu kwambiri, monga pa nkhani aliyense payekha malo mahekitala nekolko. Mbali mu kapangidwe ndi mtundu wa thupi. Choncho, pa maso a njoka awa alipo tentha mthupi mamba, nkhope lonse komanso yokutidwa ndi ofanana kumanga mmwamba. Pakatikati pa kudula ndime mphuno.

Painting thupi kungakhale:

• imvi;
• zofiirira;
• zofiirira;
• maolivi,
• pabuka.

Pankhaniyi, mchira ndi opepuka kwambiri, mwina chikasu kapena pang'ono pabuka. Mbali ventral wa imvi kuwala kapena wachikasu.

njoka izi moyo makamaka m'nkhalango, mu clearings. Alanda anthu anasiya wintering. thupi lawo kutalika - zosaposa 75 masentimita Pa nthawi yomweyo zazikazi amakhala akuluakulu kuposa amuna .. Agwira mazira amene akhoza zimaswa panthawi kwa pups 12. Njoka za mtundu njoka zapoizoni ndi kuwononga capillaries magazi. Komabe, iwo musati kuukira popanda chifukwa, iwo ndi ochezeka kwambiri.

Kids posachedwapa anabadwa kudya tizilombo. Akuluakulu kudya makoswe ndi achule. Pochita zimenezi, mamba komanso kutumikira monga chakudya cha mbalame yambiri ya nyama ndi nyama.

mchenga EFA

Njoka zing'onozing'ono ndi owopsa pa nthawi yomweyo - ndi mchenga f-mabowo. Oimira kakang'ono - masentimita 60 okha m'litali. Komabe, zoterozo wodzichepetsa miyeso wokongola avundulidwe njoka za mtundu uwu ndi wakupha wamphamvu. Amaopa koposa kwakukulu choonetsedwa wa njoka. Chifukwa chiyani?

Yankho lake ndi losavuta - kuluma munthu uyu ali wakupha. Ndipo kwa munthu komanso. Ngakhale ngati n'zotheka nthawi kubweretsa poizoni m'thupi ndipo n'chongoletsa izo, nthawi zambiri, anthu kukhalabe wolumala.

Chinthu choyipa ndi dera kufalitsa f-mabowo ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Iwo ali dziko la Africa North, Persia, Algeria ndi malo moyandikana la Turkey. Russell ndi pafupifupi lonse monga adder mu Europe ndi ku Asia.

❖ kuyanika wa thupi lake zimasiyanasiyana mu embodiments osiyana, wachikasu, wabulauni ndi zonona. Njoka ndi okongola kwambiri monga thupi lake lonse chokongoletsedwa ndi chitsanzo - mawanga, mikwingwirima, dongosolo zojambula.

Mbali ina - kubadwa moyo ndi chiwerengero cha ana - zidutswa 16 panthawi! Pa yemweyo njoka mtundu ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, monga achitira tisagone. Efa ndi agile kwambiri njoka. Ataona ngozi amabala ndi kaphokoso khalidwe zikumveka nthawi zonse kudumpha, amazipotokola ndi mzikiti pa Intaneti.

Nonpoisonous yaing'ono njoka

Mwa oimira kwambiri kapena zochepa wochezeka, osachepera, sizipanga nsembe thupi la poizoni, pali njira yaikulu ndi yaing'ono. N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri yaing'ono njoka. Mitundu ya kamakhala kakang'ono kwambiri mwa iwo ali motere:

• blindworm kapena brahminic slepun;
• Eirenis Modestus;
• Barbados microhylidae njoka.

Taganizirani mfundo iliyonse woimirira ndi kupeza chomwe ndi chidwi ndi zachilendo zilombo izi.

Bramini slepun

Wamng'ono njoka dziko, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 12. Thupi utoto mu woderapo mtundu. yowala kwambiri, quirky ndi agile. Habitat:

• Sri Lanka;
• Madagascar;
• India;
• Asia South-East.

dzina lina timeneti - njoka mphika. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. Ndipotu, ali mfulu kwathunthu kuti azolowere moyo miphika ndi maluwa kumene kuikira mazira. Ndi kuthetsedwa ngakhale onse. Chikondi mdima, malo lonyowa. Nsonga ya mchira ali ndi kukwera yaing'ono. Iwo kudya tizilombo mphutsi. Munthu si kuukira kapena kuluma.

Barbados microhylidae Charles

Ndi ufulu wa njoka wamng'ono dziko - izi ndi Barbados microhylidae Carlo, amene anatulukira asayansi mu 2008. Dzina limeneli kwa malo okhala - Barbados, komanso polemekeza mkazi wa wasayansi anapanga anapeza munthu.

N'zovuta kuitana izi moyo wautali ting'onoting'ono (10 cm) okhalapo. Ndipotu, moyo miyezi yochepa - kuchokera kasupe azivutika. Pa nthawi yomweyo kubereka mu mawonekedwe mazira. Moyo wawo ndi makhalidwe a anaphunzira koma koipa.

Amadziwika kuti chiswe kudyetsa uzkorotiki ndi mphutsi, mtundu wawo ndi woderapo pamwamba ndi kuwala bulauni pa pamimba. Iwo amakonda kubisa pansi miyala, mu mphako ndi malo ena kwaokha.

Kutsegula njoka anachita Bler Hodzhes. Ngati kufufuza wapadera si kuukira ndi kuteteza osati anayesa, kotero kale kukhala wochezeka ndithu view. Pakali pano, malo zolengedwa zimenezi kwambiri yafupika chifukwa chodula mitengo ndi kuthetsa anthu. Choncho, polingalira m'tsogolo akhoza kutha.

eirenis Modestus

Oimira njoka - ndi njoka chochepa. Photo wa amodzi awa Tingaone pansipa. Iwo Eirenis Modestus. dzina lake anali kwa pakalibe mtheradi nkhondo. Anthu sizitsutsana, si kuluma, ndi kwenikweni chete.

Mtundu wa njoka n'kosiyanasiyana malire ena:

• imvi;
• beige;
• bulauni.

Pa mutu wake pali chitsanzo mu mawonekedwe a mawanga kuwala. Ndi zaka, likukhalira wakuda ndi zikulumikizana ndi zina za thupi. Mchira kwambiri adzafupikitsidwa pa maziko a thupi. Ndimakhala:

• Iran ndi Iraq;
• Turkey;
• Azerbaijan;
• Georgia ndi Armenia;
• ndi Mediterranean zilumba.

M'nyengo yozizira hibernate. Akhala umagwira ntchito mwa madzulo, tsiku akugona mu tchire kapena mphako miyala. Iwo akhoza kukwera mapiri ndi kutalika kwa zoposa 1,500 m. Ndi alumikiza kwa Red Book of Russia.

Izo wakudya tizilombo, zinkhanira. Kodi kudya millipedes ndi woodlice. Iye amayala mazira, kuzikwirira izo mu nthaka.

Udindo zamoyo njoka chikhalidwe

Ambiri njoka yaing'ono, komanso waukulu, ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti chikhalidwe. Ndipotu, mbalame zambiri nyama ndi nyama, iwo ali magwero a chakudya. Komanso angakhale othandiza kwa munthu kukhala anthu osati mafuta awo, mazira, chikopa. Motero, munthu amadya mitundu ina ya njoka. Komanso, zokwawa amapha nambala yaikulu tizilombo ndi tizirombo kupondeleza ulimi.

Komanso, mmodzi wa ntchito njoka anthu - ndi kupanga poizoni, ponena kuti akonze mankhwala polimbana ndi matenda - zodzola, tinctures, balms ndi njira zina.