Kugulitsa mgwirizano: mbali ndi kusaina malamulo

Kugulitsa mgwirizano - anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa njira amakezana ubale contractual, amene lokhudza zaka 4,000 zapitazo. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa ubale inamangidwa pa kupeza katundu, pali pafupifupi kwambiri munthu womvetsa. Akamanena za mgwirizano umenewu ndi zoonekeratu - kulanda katundu mwini osiyanasiyana amalipiritsa.

Ndime 1 Article 454 la Civil Code imalongosola mfundo zikuluzikulu za mgwirizano malonda. Akuti mbali yoyamba ya mgwirizano undertakes kupereka mbali ina ya malonda, ndi gulu lachiwiri ayenera kulandira ndi kulipira. Choncho Civil Code mwalamulo atathana akamanena za ndondomeko kugulitsa, ndiko kuti, kulanda umwini (weniweni kumanja) pa reimbursable maziko kwa mwini lotsatira.

Kuyambira nthawi pamene mbali zonse ziwiri anafika mgwirizano pa ake mawu, mgwirizano wa zogulitsa anazindikira mwa mphamvu, ndi kutseka zimachitika pa nthawi imene katundu ndi kunditumiza ku wogula. Komabe, nthawi zambiri pamakhala nthawi zochitika ziwirizi mwamalunji. Iwo Mwachitsanzo, malonda ritelo, amene alipo mfundo za mgwirizano wa zogulitsa Komabe, mawonekedwe ake achirendo kwambiri: akukhulupirira kuti nthawi imene katundu ndi kuika pa mfundo zimene anam'gulira (mu shopu zenera kapena kauntala) kapena pamene ogulitsa zikusonyeza ubwino wa katundu, ndi kupereka anthu. Ndipo pa nthawi imene wogula ndi chikalata cheke (monga fanizoli - umboni zina za malipiro), mgwirizano ndi anamaliza.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa udindo wake pansi mgwirizano, wogulitsa zonse amalandira mphoto, koma chifukwa mgwirizanowo malonda imalipidwa. Iye alinso ndi njira ziwiri, chifukwa Gulu lililonse adzasenza ntchito zina mokomera mbali ina ntchito imene iye anavomereza ngongole zina. Udindo onsewo ndi ofanana ndi yofunika: wogulitsa ndi wokakamizidwa kusamutsa katundu ndi wogula ayenera kulipira. Kubverana wogulitsa ndi wogula amatilola kuyitana mgwirizano synallagmatic (kuchokera ku mawu a Chigiriki "ubwenzi"). Izi zikutanthauza kuti wogula zoterozo pangano nthawi zonse potsimikizira-kukhoma katundu anagula (kupatula zimenezi kokha ndi katapila). Monga tanenera mu Funsani 1. 328 wa Civil Code wogula ali kukwaniritsa udindo wake zokhudza malipiro a pokhapokha wogulitsa wakwaniritsa wake. Ngati wogulitsa si kupulumutsa katundu amagulira si akuyenera kulipira. Choncho, mu nkhani ya chisanadze analipira kauntala udindo oletsa wogulitsa - ndi woyenera kusamutsa katundu pokhapokha malipiro a ntchito.

Ngati wogulitsa ndi wogula sangathe anapatsidwa udindo reciprocal, kutenga iwo alipo ufulu zina. Mwachitsanzo: mgwirizano wa zogulitsa pa dongosolo chigawo adzatenge kuti kuyambira pamene katundu ndi kunditumiza ku wogula mpaka malipiro komaliza nkhani ndikupeleka ndi alonjeza kuti wogulitsa ndi wogula monga chikole kuti malipiro udindo wake.

Ngati wogula mu nthawi zotchulidwa sizikupanga malipiro, wogulitsa ali ndi ufulu kupempha osati malipiro mankhwala (kapena kubwerera), komanso kupereka chiwongoladzanja pa ndalama stitched. Ngati tikulankhula za kupereka pasadakhale, ndipo sachita udindo wake wogulitsa amagulira kuitanitsa obwezeredwa ndalama operekedwa iye kapena kulanda katundu. wogulitsa A adzamva unkayenera kupereka chidwi kwa nthawi yomweyo.

Katundu anagulitsa mwa pangano zimenezi, katundu aliyense akhoza kuchita, kuphatikizapo chuma ndi enieni. Komabe, malonda magulu mankhwala ena akhoza lizilamuliridwa osati CC, komanso malamulo ena.

Ziribe kanthu chomwe mankhwala chogulitsidwa, mgwirizanowo malonda zikuphatikizapo angapo zinthu zofunika: mudziwe mankhwala, kuti ndi nthawi kufala ake, komanso zambiri pa kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la malipiro.