Kodi palindrome? Palindromes - zitsanzo. palindromes English

Monga amadziwika, Chirasha ndi buku zokwanira zosiyanasiyana motsatana ndi mawu. zosiyanasiyana mbali lexical ndi palindromes. Zitsanzo za ana, molondola kwambiri timvetse lingaliro ili, inu mukhoza kuyang'ana pa upamwamba wa. Mwachitsanzo, Fet: "duwa unagwera pa mwendo wa Azor." Ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa pa mawu, tikhoza kuona kuti maganizo akhoza kuwerenga malangizo onse: kuchokera pachiyambi (kumanzere) ndi chimaliziro (kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere). Ndipo pa nkhani iliyonse, mawu kuti kuomba chomwecho. Izi - anatipasa, koma pali mawu, palindromes. Zitsanzo za bwino kwambiri zikusonyeza mfundo adzakhazikitsidwa zotero.

tanthauzo

Kodi palindrome? Mfundo imeneyi lachokera ku Greek kwenikweni likumasuliridwa kuti "akuthamanga kumbuyo" kapena "akuthamanga kachiwiri." Nthawi zina, chifukwa palindromes, zitsanzo zomwe zapatsidwa pansizi, kutenga ofananira aliyense ndi kulemekeza akonzedwa yapakati pa zilembo. Kuphatikiza yaitali makalata a mtundu imatengedwa saippuakauppias (Chifinishi - wogulitsa sopo). Pali ena palindromes chidwi English:

«Madam, Ndine Adam» - chifaniziro cha amuna dona (Madam, Ndine Adam).

dona uyu akhoza modzichepetsa kuti "shifter»: «Hava» (Eva).

Pali symmetrical osati kupereka kapena ya zilembo. palindromes-mavesi ndi zachilendo:

dzanja zachilendo akugwira mbuyo ...
Ine kuchita ndi mtima wonse pano Ndimakhala,
Jaro mu chete kulenga,
Zarzhu nthawi umpteenth
Zabwino zonse mu daze ndi,
Zarzhu umpteenth nthawi -
Kwambiri!

Mungawerenge momwe kuyamba ndi ku mapeto.

Mwachidule Chiyambi Chawo

Kusiyapo mfundo zimenezi palindrome, ziyenera ananena kuti kudziwike "turncoats" kuyambira nthawi yakale kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri anapatsidwa matsenga wopatulika tanthauzo. Panali palindromes zitsanzo za amene angapezeke mu zinenero zosiyanasiyana, mwina mu Ages Middle. Mu mabuku Russian pali zambiri zokhudza kukopera, "Changeling" lomwe linalembedwa ndi Derzhavin: "Ine ndikupita kukakhala ndi mechem woweruza." Ulendo woyamba kulenga yaitali, Mipikisano mzere rhymed palindromic mankhwala mtundu anapangidwa Velimir Khlebnikov ( "Razin" ndakatulo). Koma heyday izi kayendedwe luso wafika yekha kwa chaka 1970-1990-TH. Palindromes zitsanzo za amene angapezeke mu ntchito za Vladimir Gershoni, Nicholas Ladygina, wotchedwa Dmitry Avalini ndi Helen Katsyuba amakhala anaphunzira zambiri mu mabuku ndi malangizo zolembalemba cha mma 1990. maphunziro anali kuchitidwa mwachangu, makamaka German ndipo Lukomnikovym Aleksandrom Bubnovym. Theoreticians ndi madokotala a malire osiyanasiyana mawonekedwe lakutali. Mwachitsanzo, "werewolf". Lembali amawerengedwa kuyambira kumanzere kwa ena bwino kuposa m'mbuyo: "The World yabwino" (Mlembi SERGEY Fedin.). Kusiyapo mfundo zimenezi palindrome ayenera amatchulanso mitundu chosowa cha malangizo luso: ndi syllable, nzeru "turncoats". Yotsirizira ndi mawu omwe njira imodzi mungawerenge mu chinenero chimodzi, ndipo kumbuyo - pa ena. Kodi aliyense ali palindromes osowa? Zitsanzo za zotsatira zosiyana zotheka. aliyense "ofananira" osakaniza imene palibe kuwerenga ikuchitika n'zosiyana, titero mu kubalana mawonekedwe tsokoltsokol, kabankaban ndi ena.

Chidwi malangizo

Izo ziyenera ananena kuti palindromes zitsanzo za limene kwa momveka nizitengedwa zambiri nkhani, ofufuza chinenero chidwi, olemba, olemba ndakatulo, olemba panthawi zosiyanasiyana amakhala osiyana. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza kunali kosatheka kufalitsa mtundu uwu ntchito. Ichi chinali chifukwa makamaka chakuti kufunafuna "zamawonekedwe" pa nthawi imeneyo sanali anawalandira mu mabuku. Pa chiyambi cha chitukuko cha malangizo luso la olemba onse "turncoats" ankadziwa wina ndi mzake, iwo anadziwa, inu mukhoza kunena, mu nkhope ya mnzake. Pakali pano, ntchito zambiri zinasindikizidwa mu anthologies. Koma ambiri a iwo unpublished.

Mitundu

Palindromes anali wotchuka kwambiri mawu, kapena "aphorisms." Ena a iwo akhoza ngakhale kumwetulira (chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake luso). Nthawi zambiri, osakaniza mkati changeling ali chidwi osati chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake sanali muyezo, koma wina zili zoseketsa. mizere angathe ngakhale kusonkhana ntchito ndakatulo. Komabe, ngati mitundu amati ndakatulo pambuyo pa zonse, kuti tisalole kuchotsera kulikonse mosiyanasiyana yachilendo. M'mawu ena, zonse ayenera zisungidwe - kayendedwe, ndi nyimbo, kukula - onse mu muyezo ochiritsira ntchito ndakatulo. "Chosokonekera" mu Zikatero anawonjezera okha rhythmic ndi Sonic masewera. Ambiri kupeza pali "pafupifupi palindromic" maonekedwe. Osiyana olemba ngati patsogolo analenga kukongola kwa phokoso. Kusiyapo mfundo zimenezi palindrome, sitingathe kuganizira ndakatulo lyric, pogwiritsa ntchito njira luso deta. Ambiri a iwo ali gawo la nthabwala, koma ngakhale izi angathe kumwedwa kwambiri ndithu. Mawu ena ofananira kutsatira bwino nyimbo. Nthawi zina, ntchito ndakatulo zigwirizana wa "changeling", ogaŵikana mizere. Pankhaniyi tilankhula za monopalindrome.

ndakatulo

Kwenikweni maziko Kufufuza palindromes ndi zilandiridwenso Bloc. Monga Symbolist ndakatulo, iye tcheru kwambiri mungoli ndi gulu phokoso ntchito. Mu ndakatulo yake "khumi" ikuwoneka bwino lomwe mu kupambana kwa Alexander Blok phokoso malangizo ndi rhythmic. Goldstein ali anawamasulira zonsezi wagawo ntchito pa chinenero cha palindromes. wolemba limati ndondomeko kotheka kusunga nyimbo, kayimbidwe kotani, zikuchokera ndakatulo ndi kulikonse. Remake "khumi ndi awiriwo," Goldstein linanena kuti, mu maganizo ake, ena anasintha mu kutsindika mpaka ena kuwonjezera kamvekedwe.

Chosokonekera mu mawerengero

Pali kuwonjezera osakaniza makalata, mawu ndi ntchito lonse ndi chiwerengero cha palindromes. Tanthauzo ili ntchito kujambula chosokonekera kuwoneka. Manambala zachilengedwe Pankhaniyi adzakhala kuwerenga kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja ndi mosemphanitsa chimodzimodzi. Symmetrically angathe kupezedwa kapena wosamvetseka kapena chiwerengero cha anthu otchulidwa. palindromes n'zosangalatsa kumva zimachitika machitidwe osiyana, amene mayina awo. Choncho, pali gulu "lopotana" Zizindikiro: 1001, 676, ndipo ena. Chotero mitundu "palindromic" amapezeka pakati pa manambala Fibonacci, manambala, Smith.

masamu

palindromes n'zosangalatsa kumva zotsatira zake zikhala zotani ntchito pa anthu ena. Martin Gardner, mlembi wa buku lakuti "Ine ndiri nalo lingaliro!" Monga amamudziwa popularizer a sayansi, kumabweretsa kungoganizira ena. Ngati inu kutenga inteja (aliyense), ndipo mowirikiza mankhwala (wopangidwa ndi manambala chomwecho, koma kuti n'zosiyana), ndipo kenako abwereza kanthu, koma ndi ndalama zimene munalandira, mmodzi wa masitepe kupeza palindrome. Nthawi zina ndi okwanira kuti agwire Kuwonjezera kamodzi: 213 + 312 = 525. Koma nthawi zambiri zofunika ntchito osachepera awiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu kutenga nambala 96, ndiye, atacita motsatizana Komanso, palindrome akhoza zopezera yekha pa mlingo chachinayi:

96 + 69 = 165
165 + 651 = 726
726 + 627 = 1353
1353 + 3531 = 4884

Mfundo yaikulu ya amanena kuti ngati nambala iliyonse, pambuyo nambala inayake zochita anapidziwadi kuti apeze palindrome. Zitsanzo angapezeke osati Kuwonjezera, komanso kumanga malinga ndi zimene m'zigawo za mizu ndi ntchito zina.

chidwi angapo

M'magulu a primes Tingaone chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri, ngati pali manambala enieni Mwachitsanzo, yosavuta - 1 ndi 3. Mwachitsanzo, losavuta kawiri-manambala kuchuluka analamula awiriawiri: 31-13 ndi 13-31, asanu ndi atatu manambala ndi zisanu yosavuta pakati pawo 2 "shifter": 313 ndi 131, awiri shifters: 113-311 ndi 311-113. The awiriawiri chifukwa milandu onse anapereka zimaonetsa m'kukoma mabwalo n'zosangalatsa kumva mawonekedwe. Ambiri, kwambiri wa masamu angapezeke dongosolo yadigito.

Palindromes muzochitika zina zochita za anthu. zamoyo

Kapangidwe ka zidulo mkati amapereka yochepa zigawo zosiyana wowonjezera. Iwo otchedwa "galasi mindandanda" wa nucleotides angathe kupanga duplexes. Mu matupi a anthu, chiwerengero cha "turncoats" akuti osiyanasiyana monga zikwi zana ndi miliyoni. Choncho, malinga ndi kuyang'anila kufalitsidwa kwa kapangidwe ndi DNA ndi m'goli. Palindromes m'lingaliro kwachilengedwenso angathe kupereka kuchuluka zambiri popanda kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha nucleotides. Yapadera kufunika "akalumikidzidwa symmetrical" ndi mapangidwe a mitundu ina zidulo mkati - RNA mayendedwe, mwachitsanzo.

nyimbo

Palindromic ankaimba nyimbo "mwachizolowezi", malinga ndi malamulo. Titamaliza wa sewerolo anatembenuka pa zolemba za. Ndiye ntchito kusewera kachiwiri, koma nyimbo nthawi yomweyo sizidzasintha. Iterations akhoza kupezeka zambiri zoyenera, iwo sadziwa ichi, chimene ndi pansi, ndi kuti - pa mahatchi. Izi zidutswa nyimbo akhoza idzaseweredwe yekha, pamene kuwerenga zolemba kuchokera mbali zonse nthawi imodzi. Monga zitsanzo za ntchito zimenezi kungachititse palindromic "njira ya mtendere", lolembedwa ndi Moscheles, ndi "kumwa nyimbo zolemekeza awiri" lopangidwa ndi Mozart.