Nkhondo ya Lesnaya asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda

Nkhondo zotchuka Forest zinachitika pa September 28 (October 9 ndi kalendala yatsopano) 1708. Dzina limeneli polemekeza mudzi pafupi masiku ano Mogilev dera la Belarus. Mmunda wa nkhondo akukumana thupi kuyang'aniridwa ndi Peter Ine ndi Swedish asilikali Adam Lewenhaupt. Adagonja ndi Russian, amene anawalola kukhala apambane pankhondo pa Great kumpoto nkhondo.

prerequisites

Mu 1708 ndi Swedish Mfumu Karl XII azikamugwirira kugonjetsa dera la Russia. Komabe, cholinga chake chinali dziko zigawo mu mtima wa dziko. Choncho Karl akhadikhira kuwomba kutali kanthu njira kwa mdani. Lisanaperekedwe, asilikali a Russia kwa zaka zingapo anapambana Baltic States Komabe, nkhondo sinali pakati mphamvu zazikulu.

Mfumu ankafuna kugwirizanitsa asilikali ake chabwino motsogozedwa kuyenda mu Russia. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, analamula Adamu Lewenhaupt kusiya Swedish Kurland ndi kufika pa mlingo mfumu ku Ukraine, kumene Charles anakapezeka kamodzi napereka dongosolo la kuzinga Smolensk. General detachment zikuphatikizapo anthu pafupifupi 15 zikwi, kuti anayesedwa mphamvu yaikulu. Carl ankafuna kuti asonkhanitse mbali zonse Chiyukireniya kudyetsa akavalo chakudya mwatsopano ndi kulandira thandizo kwambiri kwa Cossacks, amene hetman Mazepa anasiya kwa asilikali a Sweden, kudzipheralo mkwiyo wa Peter I.

Russian Tsar strategy

Nkhondo ya Lesnaya ndi chifukwa chimene Peter anaganiza kudula Levengaupt kwa mfumu yake. Pamodzi, iwo mosavuta kugonjetsa asilikali Russian. Koma mmodzi ndi mmodzi, aliyense wa magulu awiriwa anali osatetezeka kwambiri ku chiyembekezo cha moyo wabwino. Petulo anatsogolera asilikali, akuguba kwa ambiri. Against Carl anatumiza Field polimbana Boris Sheremetev.

Choyamba Peter achokapo kolakwika, chifukwa iye ananyengedwa ndi kalozera wake. Nditaphunzira za malo panopa Lewenhaupt, adatumiza asilikali okwera pamahatchi ndi iye, umene unali mofulumira ndi zambiri oyenda yam'manja. Vanguard wa gulu anakumana ndi asilikali a Sweden pa 25 September. Only zitatha izi, Petulo anaphunzirapo za kukula weniweni wa gulu lankhondo la adani. Iye ankaganiza kuti iye sankafuna kuti palibe anthu ambiri 8000. Chiwerengerochi anali kuwilikiza kaŵili.

Chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Forest akanatha kukhala wolephera. Komabe, Petro sanawatsutse awononge. Iye analamula kuwonongedwa kwa boti pa yapafupi mtsinje Sozh, kudula mthunzi mdani. Pambuyo pake, asilikali mfumu anakonza kuukira mwachangu.

Kukonzekera nkhondo

Pa September 28, ndi nyumba Swedish ndi wokonzeka kusamukira mtsinje waung'ono wotchedwa Lesyanka. malipoti Intelligence kuti Russian pafupi kwambiri, omwe sakanakhoza koma chifukwa nkhawa Lewenhaupt. Iye analamula asilikali kutenga mbali pamwamba, ndi adzawalange mpaka convoy lonse sakanati kukanyamula mtsinjewo.

Nkhondo ya Lesnaya asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda anapita. Panthawi imeneyi asilikali Russian kuyenda kudutsa m'nkhalango ndi misewu, poganiza kuti akagwire mdani modzidzimutsa. Komabe, pamaso pa gulu linali vuto lalikulu. Bungwe kuukira asilikali a Sweden, kunali koyenera kumanga, monga ankhondowo anachoka ku nkhalango mu akutali ndi chitetezo. Peter anaganiza zingasokoneze mdani ndi kumutumiza kwa Nevsky dragoon Regiment ambirimbiri ngwazi. asilikali amenewa kuti asilikali a Sweden mpaka mphamvu yaikulu si anamanga pafupi ndi nkhuni.

kukumana koyamba

nkhondo wamagazi. A anthu 600 anaphedwa, ndendende theka. Nkhondo pa Lesnaya. Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda, pokhala wotsimikiza za kupambana kwake, anaganiza zopita kauntala-kuukira, koma anali atathamangitsidwa Alonda anabwera kupulumutsa Mihaila Golitsyna. MwaukadauloZida mdani mzere chinachepa, ndipo iye anabwerera ku malo pachiyambi, umene unachitikira, pamene okha anayamba kuwoloka pa convoy pa tsidya lina la mtsinje.

Nkhondo ya Lesnaya, tsiku lomwe ndi chikumbutso kwa mbiri Russian analowa gawo latsopano. Pamene alonda anapitiriza kuukira za mbali yaikulu ya Peter bwinobwino anamanga pafupi ndi nkhuni. Pakati anaima Semenov, Chiwalitsiro ndi Ingermanland regiments motsogozedwa Mikhail Golitsyn. Chabwino pambali inkakhala asilikali, lotsogoledwa ndi mkulu-General Fridrih Gessen-Darmstadt. Kumanzere wabwino gunner Yakov Bryus. Kasamalidwe ambiri anali m'manja mwa Petro. Kumayambiriro kwa waukulu nkhondo (koloko) Russian asilikali anawerenga anthu 10 sauzande. Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda anali osachepera mazana angapo anthu, kutanthauza kuti parity anali ndi adani.

Theka lachiwiri la nkhondo

Nkhondoyi inatenga pafupifupi 6 maola, mpaka usiku. Pakati pa nkhondo, mwamphamvu ake utachepa pang'ono. asilikali wotopa anapuma ndipo anadikira reinforcements. Reinforcements anafika kwa maola Peter 17. Zinali General Baur, amene anabweretsa naye 4000th Dragoon Corps.

Usiku nkhondo ku mudzi wa Forest adapitiriza mwakhama. Asilikali a Sweden anali anakankhira kumbuyo kwa Amakweza awo. Pakali pano, ang'ono apakavalo detachment ali molambalala mtsinje ndi kudula Levengaupt ulendo omaliza kwa mthunzi wabwino. Komabe, mdani vanguard anayankha kuukira molimba mtima ndipo anali wokhoza kuti asalalikire mlatho wotsiriza.

Zida zankhondo nkhondo ndi ndege la asilikali a Sweden

Izo usiku, Peter analamula kutenga patsogolo pa zida zankhondo wotsegulira moto kwambiri pa mdani. Panthawi imeneyi otopa oyenda ndi apakavalo anabwerera ku malo awo kuti apumule. Anagwira asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda analabadira ndi kuwombera Cannon. mkhalidwe wawo wakhala yovuta. Lewenhaupt sanathe abwerere ndi zonse zazikulu ngolo sitima, amene kwambiri kubweza kayendedwe ka asilikali.

Chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Forest mu 1708 ankafunika usiku. Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda anasiya malo anachoka m'mudzi kwambiri katundu wawo, kotero kuti m'dani sakanakhoza adzawapeza. Kuti anyenge Russian msasa moto linatha, amene analenga nkhambakamwa za Levengaupt kaŵirikaŵiri akumapezeka mu malo omwewo. Nthawiyi, unakonzedwa ndi mthunzi wa asilikali a Sweden anayamba kukhala ndi khalidwe la ndege. Asilikali ambiri chabe anathawira, safuna kulanda kapena kulandira chipolopolo woopsa.

zolakwa mbali

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali General Lewenhaupt anali kusangalala regiments wake. Poyerekeza ndi asilikali Russian mu iwo analibe alonda iliyonse. Komanso mbali yaikulu ya asilikali wapangidwa mercenaries - ndi Finns ndi anthu ochokera m'mayiko ena, omwe, kwenikweni osati kwenikweni ndikufuna kufa chifukwa cha zofuna za mayiko ena.

Nkhondo ya Lesnaya, amene mtengo kukonza zolakwa zakale ndi zolephera anasonyeza lamulo Russian. Mwachitsanzo, zida zankhondo pang'ono ankagwiritsa ntchito nkhondo imeneyi. Kenako vutoli anakonzedwa, ndipo pa Poltava mfuti zoweta mwaukali kwambiri shelled mdani. Kodi chaka anali Nkhondo pa Lesnaya zinachitika, adadziwa tsopano nzika iliyonse Russia, chifukwa iye anali amene anaperekapo zofunika pa kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa asilikali a Sweden mu nkhondo yaitali.

mtengo

Only mbali yaing'ono ya Corps ndigwira yambiri ya General Lewenhaupt apabe likulu la ufumu wake. Nkhondo ya Lesnaya, limene linali tsiku la maliro mu mbiri ya Sweden, Carl opanda reinforcements ndi munitions, anali mu katundu wotayika.

Chimodzimodzi 9 miyezi, Peter anathyola Goliyati pa Poltava, amene anali kunasintha Wamkulu kumpoto nkhondo. Iwo mwamwayi chidwi kwachititsa mfumu ya nthabwala zoseketsa. Iye imatchedwa nkhondo ya Forest Amayi chigonjetso pa Poltava. Ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi m'njira yosiyana anachita kumpoto nkhondo. Nkhondo ya Lesnaya ndi kupambana wotsatira wa asilikali Russian potsiriza wofooka asilikali a Sweden, ndi Patapita zaka zingapo iwo anadutsa popanda kukana mzinda isanafike mzinda mu Baltic States (womwe ndi dera anali cholinga chachikulu cha Peter).